車(chē)輛制動(dòng)裝置VehicleBrakingDevice任務(wù)六120型控制閥Mission6120controlvalve主講人李西安ZHENGZHOURAILWAYVOCATIONAL&TECHNICALCOLLEGESpeakerLiXi’an加速緩解閥AccelerationReliefValve4.加速緩解閥AccelerationReliefValve4.加速緩解閥的用途是在本車(chē)制動(dòng)缸緩解作用開(kāi)始后，將加速緩解風(fēng)缸的壓縮空氣送入制動(dòng)管，即產(chǎn)生制動(dòng)管的“局部增壓”作用，Thepurposeoftheaccelerationreliefvalveistointroducecompressedairfromtheaccelerationreliefaircylinderintothebrakepipeafterthebrakingcylinderreliefactionbegins,thuscreatinga“l(fā)ocalpressureboost”effectinthebrakepipe.以加快制動(dòng)管的增壓速度，使列車(chē)管增壓作用沿列車(chē)由前向后的傳播速度加快，后部車(chē)輛迅速產(chǎn)生充氣緩解作用，提高列車(chē)制動(dòng)機(jī)的緩解波速，減小列車(chē)低速充氣緩解時(shí)的縱向沖動(dòng)。Thisacceleratestherateofpressureincreasealongthetrainpipefromthefronttotherear,allowingtherearvehiclestoquicklyexperiencetheinflatingreliefactionandimprovingthereliefwavevelocityofthetrainbrakesystem,therebyreducinglongitudinalimpactduringlow-speedinflatingrelief.加速緩解閥AccelerationReliefValve4.將加速活塞46、加活塞速膜板45與加速活塞壓板47用活塞緊固螺釘44及螺母48緊固成一個(gè)加速活塞，加速活塞膜板的邊緣被主閥前蓋壓緊在主閥體的凹槽內(nèi)。Theaccelerationpiston46,accelerationpistondiaphragmplate45andaccelerationpistonpressureplate47arefastenedtogetherbythepistonfasteningscrew44andnut48,formingasingleaccelerationpiston.Theedgeoftheaccelerationpistondiaphragmplateiscompressedinthegrooveofthemainvalvefrontcover.加速活塞左腔永遠(yuǎn)通大氣，加速活塞右腔與滑閥座z3孔相通，并經(jīng)主閥前蓋凹穴中的縮孔堵（或限孔）Ⅱ通主閥排氣口。Theleftchamberoftheaccelerationpistonisalwaysopentotheatmosphere,whiletherightchamberisconnectedtotheslidevalveseatZ3portandcommunicateswiththemainvalveexhaustport(brakecylinderexhaustport)throughthereducedholeplug(orifice)Ⅱinthemainvalvefrontcoverrecess.加速緩解閥由加速緩解閥套42加速緩解閥彈簧38夾心閥39加速緩解彈簧座37檔圈36活塞緊固螺釘44加速緩解膜板45加速活塞46加速活塞壓板47螺母48墊圈49檔圈50縮孔堵Ⅱ65頂桿41止回閥彈簧33閥座34止回閥35等組成。Theaccelerationreliefvalveconsistsoftheaccelerationreliefvalvesleeve42,accelerationreliefvalvespring38,sandwichvalve39,accelerationreliefspringseat37,retainingring36,pistonfasteningscrew44,accelerationreliefdiaphragmplate45,accelerationpiston46,accelerationpistonpressureplate47,nut48,washer49,retainingring50,reducedholeplugⅡ65,pushrod41,checkvalvespring33,valveseat34,checkvalve35andothercomponents.加速緩解閥AccelerationReliefValve4.加速緩解閥AccelerationReliefValve4.加速緩解閥套的左部呈套筒形狀，套筒內(nèi)裝入夾心閥、加速緩解閥彈簧、彈簧座，然后用擋圈卡入套筒左側(cè)內(nèi)圓面的凹槽內(nèi)。Theleftpartoftheaccelerationreliefvalvesleevehasacylindricalshape,housingthesandwichvalve,accelerationreliefvalvespring,andspringseat.Itisthensecuredbyinsertingaretainingringintothegrooveontheleftinnersurfaceofthesleeve.在加速緩解閥彈簧作用下加速緩解閥夾心閥與套筒內(nèi)側(cè)的閥座密貼，控制加速緩解風(fēng)缸到制動(dòng)管的通路。Undertheactionoftheaccelerationreliefvalvespring,thesandwichvalvetightlyfitsagainstthevalveseatinsidethesleeve,controllingthepassageofcompressedairfromtheaccelerationreliefaircylindertothebrakepipe.頂桿上嵌裝一個(gè)O形密封圈裝入加速緩解閥套的右部軸向孔，動(dòng)作時(shí)將加速緩解閥夾心閥頂離閥座。AnO-ringsealisinstalledonthetoprod,fittingintotheaxialholeontherightsideoftheaccelerationreliefvalvesleeve.Duringoperation,theaccelerationreliefvalvesandwichvalveisliftedoffthevalveseat.組裝后，在加速緩解閥套上嵌裝兩個(gè)密封圈，一同壓裝入主閥體內(nèi)，用擋圈將其固定，加速緩解閥夾心閥右側(cè)空腔，經(jīng)加速緩解閥套中部的二個(gè)φ5徑向孔及主閥體內(nèi)通路與制動(dòng)管相通。Afterassembly,twosealsareinstalledontheaccelerationreliefvalvesleeveandthenpressedintothemainvalvebody.Itissecuredbyaretainingring.Ontherightsideoftheaccelerationreliefvalvesandwichvalve,thechambercommunicateswiththebrakepipethroughtwo5diameterradialholesinthemiddleoftheaccelerationreliefvalvesleeveandtheinternalpassageofthemainvalvebody.止回閥部用來(lái)防止制動(dòng)管壓力大于加速緩解風(fēng)缸壓力時(shí)，制動(dòng)管經(jīng)加速緩解閥直接向加速緩解風(fēng)缸充氣。止回閥被它下面的止回閥彈簧壓緊在閥座上。Thecheckvalvesectionpreventsthebrakepipepressurefromexceedingthepressureoftheaccelerationreliefaircylinder,ensuringthatthebrakepipeisnotdirectlychargedwithairfromtheaccelerationreliefvalve.止回閥的上方經(jīng)主閥體內(nèi)的通路直接與加速緩解風(fēng)缸相通；Abovethecheckvalve,itdirectlycommunicateswiththeaccelerationreliefaircylinderthroughtheinternalpassageofthemainvalvebody.下方經(jīng)主閥下蓋及主閥體內(nèi)的暗道與加速緩解閥夾心閥左側(cè)空腔相通，所以加速緩解閥彈簧室充滿(mǎn)著加速緩解風(fēng)缸的壓力空氣。Belowthecheckvalve,itcommunicateswiththeleftchamberoftheaccelerationreliefvalvesandwichvalvethroughtheconcealedpassageinthemainvalvelowercoverandthemainvalvebody.Therefore,thespringchamberoftheaccelerationreliefvalveisfilledwithcompressedairfromtheaccelerationreliefaircylinder.在平時(shí)，由于加速活塞兩側(cè)均通大氣，活塞兩側(cè)不產(chǎn)生壓力差，在加速緩解閥彈簧彈力的作用下，夾心閥與閥座密貼，呈關(guān)閉狀態(tài)，加速活塞處于右位，加速緩解閥不發(fā)生作用。Undernormalconditions,sincebothsidesoftheaccelerationpistonareopentotheatmosphere,thereisnopressuredifferenceacrossthepiston.Undertheactionoftheaccelerationreliefvalvespringforce,thesandwichvalveistightlyclosedagainstthevalveseatandtheaccelerationpistonremainsintherightposition,withnoactiontakingplace.當(dāng)制動(dòng)管充氣增壓時(shí)，由于主活塞帶動(dòng)滑閥下移至充氣緩解位，制動(dòng)缸壓縮空氣經(jīng)滑閥底面緩解聯(lián)絡(luò)槽進(jìn)入滑閥座緩解孔，經(jīng)閥體內(nèi)暗道進(jìn)入加速活塞的右腔，通過(guò)縮孔（或限孔）Ⅱ及排氣孔排人大氣，制動(dòng)機(jī)緩解。Whenthebrakepipeispressurizedbythepneumaticbooster,themainpistondrivestheslidevalvetomovedownwardtotheinflationreliefposition.Thecompressedairinthebrakecylinderflowsthroughthereliefcontactgrooveonthebottomsurfaceoftheslidevalveandentersthereliefholeontheslidevalveseat.Itthenenterstherightchamberoftheacceleratingpistonthroughconcealedpassagesinthevalvebodyandisdischargedintotheatmospherethroughtheorifice(orlimitingorifice)IIandexhaustports,achievingbrakerelease.進(jìn)入加速活塞右腔的制動(dòng)缸壓縮空氣受縮孔（或限孔）Ⅱ的節(jié)流限制，在加速活塞右腔形成壓力，推加速活塞左移，頂桿頂開(kāi)夾心閥，于是，夾心閥左側(cè)空腔內(nèi)的加速緩解風(fēng)缸壓縮空氣通過(guò)開(kāi)啟的夾心閥口進(jìn)入右腔，充入制動(dòng)管，實(shí)現(xiàn)制動(dòng)管局部增壓作用，達(dá)到了提高緩解波速的目的。Thecompressedairfromthebrakecylinderenteringtherightchamberoftheacceleratingpistonisrestrictedbytheorifice(orlimitingorifice)II,resultinginapressurebuild-upintherightchamberoftheacceleratingpiston.Thispushestheacceleratingpistontotheleft,causingthepushrodtoopenthesandwichvalve.Asaresult,compressedairfromtheaccelerationreliefaircylinderontheleftsideofthesandwichvalveflowsintotherightchamberthroughtheopensandwichvalveport,fillingthebrakepipeandachievinglocalizedpressurization,thusimprovingthereliefwavespeed.制動(dòng)缸壓縮空氣最后將全部經(jīng)縮孔（或限孔）Ⅱ排入大氣，制動(dòng)缸完全緩解，加速緩解閥復(fù)位，當(dāng)制動(dòng)管壓力高于加速緩解風(fēng)缸時(shí)，由于止回閥被它下面的止回閥彈簧壓緊在閥座上，制動(dòng)管不能直接與加速緩解風(fēng)缸相通。Eventually,allthecompressedairinthebrakecylinderisdischargedintotheatmospherethroughtheorifice(orlimitingorifice)II,fullyreleasingthebrakecylinder.Theaccelerationreliefvalveresets.Whenthebrakepipepressureishigherthanthatoftheaccelerationreliefaircylinder,thecheckvalvelocatedbelowitispressedagainstthevalveseatbyacheckvalvespring,preventingdirectcommunicationbetweenthebrakepipeandtheaccelerationreliefaircylinder.加速緩解閥AccelerationReliefValve4.緊急二段閥EmergencyTwo-StageValve5.緊急二段閥的用途是緊急制動(dòng)時(shí)，控制制動(dòng)缸壓力分先快后慢兩階段地上升，以緩和長(zhǎng)大貨物列車(chē)在緊急制動(dòng)時(shí)的縱向沖動(dòng)。Thepurposeoftheemergencytwo-stagevalveistocontrolthebrakecylinderpressureintwostages,withthepressureinitiallyrisingrapidlyandthengradually,duringemergencybraking.Thishelpstomitigatethelongitudinalimpactofheavyfreighttrainsduringemergencybraking.緊急二段閥位于主閥安裝面旁，由緊急二段閥桿6、緊急二段閥彈簧8、緊急二段閥套7等零件組成。Theemergencytwo-stagevalveislocatedbesidethemainvalveinstallationsurfaceandconsistsofcomponentssuchastheemergencytwo-stagevalvestem6,emergencytwo-stagevalvespring8,andemergencytwo-stagevalvesleeve7.緊急二段閥套由上套和下套組成，上、下套之間有3~5mm距離，此環(huán)形間隙經(jīng)主閥體內(nèi)的通路與制動(dòng)缸相通。Theemergencytwo-stagevalvesleeveconsistsofanuppersleeveandalowersleeve,withadistanceof3-5mmbetweenthem.Thisannulargapisconnectedtothebrakecylinderthroughpassagewaysinsidethemainvalvebody.緊急二段閥軸向孔下部?jī)蓚€(gè)φ3mm徑向孔，上部一個(gè)φ3mm徑向孔，緊急二段閥下部與套間隙是副風(fēng)缸向制動(dòng)缸送風(fēng)的大通路。Therearetwo3mmradialholesatthelowerpartoftheemergencytwo-stagevalveaxialhole,andone3mmdiameterradialholeattheupperpart.Thelowerpartoftheemergencytwo-stagevalve,intheclearancebetweenthesleeves,servesasalargepassagewayforsupplyingairfromtheauxiliaryaircylindertothebrakecylinder.緊急二段閥EmergencyTwo-StageValve5.緊急二段閥上腔彈簧室通制動(dòng)管，上部的密封圈用來(lái)防止制動(dòng)管壓力空氣漏入制動(dòng)缸；Theupperchamberoftheemergencytwo-stagevalveisconnectedtothebrakepipethroughthespringchamber.Theuppersealingringpreventsbrakepipepressureairfromleakingintothebrakecylinder,下部的密封圈確保緊急制動(dòng)時(shí)，緊急二段閥上移后，密封緊急二段閥下部與套間隙。whilethelowersealingringensuresthat,duringemergencybraking,aftertheemergencytwo-stagevalvemovesupward,thelowerpartoftheemergencytwo-stagevalveissealedwiththesleeveclearance.平時(shí)在緊急二段閥彈簧及彈簧室內(nèi)的制動(dòng)管空氣壓力作用下，緊急二段閥桿處于下部開(kāi)放位置，制動(dòng)時(shí)，由局減閥來(lái)的列車(chē)管壓力空氣（局減）或由滑閥座來(lái)的副風(fēng)缸壓力空氣，經(jīng)緩解閥內(nèi)的通路到緊急二段閥下部外圍空腔，再經(jīng)過(guò)緊急二段閥與套之間的大通路及緊急二段閥下部?jī)蓚€(gè)φ3mm徑向孔、軸向孔、上部φ3mm徑向孔流向制動(dòng)缸，所以制動(dòng)缸壓力上升較快。Normally,undertheactionofbrakepipeairpressureintheemergencytwo-stagevalvespringandspringchamber,theemergencytwo-stagevalvestemisintheloweropenposition.Duringbraking,airfromthetrainpipe(reducedpressurefromthecontrolvalve)ortheauxiliaryaircylinderpressurethroughthereliefvalveflowstotheoutercavityofthelowerpartoftheemergencytwo-stagevalve,.thenthroughthelargepassagewaybetweentheemergencytwo-stagevalveandthesleeve,aswellasthetwo3mmdiameterradialholes,axialholeandupper3mmdiameterradialholeinthelowerpartoftheemergencytwo-stagevalve,flowstothebrakecylinder.Therefore,thebrakecylinderpressurerisesrapidly.緊急制動(dòng)時(shí)制動(dòng)管迅速減壓，制動(dòng)剛開(kāi)始，制動(dòng)缸充氣通路同平時(shí)。

Duringemergencybraking,thebrakepiperapidlylosespressureinitiallyandtheairsupplypathtothebrakecylinderisthesameasduringnormaloperation.當(dāng)制動(dòng)缸壓力躍升到120~160kPa時(shí)制動(dòng)缸壓力便克服緊急二段閥彈簧的彈力和制動(dòng)管剩余壓力，推緊急二段閥上移至關(guān)閉位，關(guān)閉二段閥與套之間的大通路。

Whenthebrakecylinderpressurerisesto120-160kPa(thestandardpressurerisewhenthebrakepipeissetat600kPa),thebrakecylinderpressureovercomestheforceoftheemergencytwo-stagevalvespringandtherem