考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷631

一、閱讀（常規閱讀理解）（本題共2。題，每題

分,共20分。）

Theintroductionofnon-indigenous"exotic"speciesisnowseenasamajorthreat（o

biodiversity.In1825,aparticularlyvigorousfemalecloneofiiadori（calledJapanese

knotweed）wasintroducedintoHollandandlaterdistributedthroughoutEuropeby（he

plantcollectorandnurseryman.VonSeibokl.Britishgardenersloveditandby1886it

wasevenfoundgrowingoncindertipsinSouthWales.Bytheturnof20thcentury,the

planthadcolonizedmanyothersites,andgardenerswereadvisedagainstplantingitin

shrubberies.By1994,itwasalmosteverywhere—railways,riversides,hedgerows,

cemeteries—swampingawiderangeofhabitatsanddisplacingrarespecies.Botanists's

fearsthattheplantistillspreadingandmayyetcolonizeothernewhabitatshave

generatedrecentattemptstoeradicateitbymechanicalandchemicalmethods,allinvain

asyet.TheevidencestackedagainstJapaneseknotweedisdamning.Butthereisadeep

anxietythatbehindthedesiretocorrecthumanecologicalcook-ups-oftenmanifestasa

passiontosaveendangeredspeciesandvulnerableecosystemsisathinlydisguised

xenophobia;（hatwearesimplyseeingyetanotherformofecologicalimperialismwhich

defineswhatis"natural"basedonhumanpreferences.Butwhateverourreactionto

"problem"oralienspeciesis,itmustinvolvemoraldecisions.Andwhoshouldmake

suchdecisionsandtowhatdegreetheyareaccountablemustalsobeupforreview.The

conclusionsofscientistsandothersectionsofsocietymaydiffervastlyaboutwhattodo

abouttheintroducedanimalsandplantsthathavebecomeacommonfeatureofeveryday

life.Forexample,theschemetocontrolrabbitsinAustraliabydeliberatelyspreadingthe

diseasemyxomatosiswasasuccessinthathugenumbersofrabbitswerewipedoutfor

thegreatergood—the"health"ofAustralianecosystems.Butwouldinflictingsuchan

horrificallyslowagonizingdeathonsentientcreatureswinpopularsupportifitwere

proposedtoday?Scientistsofbiodiversityarehytheirverynatureconcernedwiththe

organizationofspeciesintosystemsandnotnecessarilywithiheinterestsandwell-being

ofindividual,particularlythosethatareseenasathreattothemaintenanceofthose

systems.Yetthereisagrowingfeelingfbrthedemocratizationofdecisionsconcerning

nonhumanlife.Themovementtowardsenvironmentalvaluesmustsurelyinvolvea

movementawayfromimperialismandasearchfbrarelationshipwithnatureasittruly

is,ratherthanaswewoulddesignit.Then,whenourlawnshavelongdisappeared,we

mayyetcometohonorthehumbledandelion.

1、BotanistshavegeneratedattemptsJoremovetheJapaneseknotweedbecause.

A^itthreatensthelocalbiodiversity

itisregardedasexotic

C、it'ssovigorousastospreadeverywhere

D、itchecksotherplants,growth

標準答案：A

知識點解析：細節題。文章第一段的主題句是：一些外來物種對生物多樣性造成了

威脅。作者以日本蓼科雜草為例來支持這一論點.故正確答案為A項。

2、Intheauthor'sopinion,theattempttoeradicatetheJapaneseknotweed.

A、isworthyofpraises

B、reflectspeople'sdesiretoprotectecologicalbiodiversity

C、showspeople'spassiontosaveendangeredspeciesandvulnerableecosystems

D、isresultedfrompeople'sprejudice

標準答案：D

知識點解析：推斷題。第一段中作者討論了人們普遍接受的一種觀點，而第二段中

作者提出了由此問題引出的思考和自己的看法一日本蓼科雜草的命運反映了人們

為維護本地生物多樣性而表現出一種排外的心理。人們按照自己的喜好來維護那些

所謂“自然的"東西。即答案為D項。

3、Whatdoestheword"xenophobia"(Para.2)mean?

A、Theecologicaldisorders.

B、Thepassiontosavetheendangeredecosystem.

C、Theecologicalimperialism.

D、Thefearforalienspecies.

標準答案：D

知識點解析:含義題。根捱第一、二段中的信息，Theintroductionofnon-

indigenous^exotic^species,anotherformofecologicalimperialism和natural等多處線

索可推測xenophobia意為:排外主義，仇外。故D項符合題意。

4、Asfbrwhat(odoaboutalienspecies,theauthorthinks.

A^whoshouldmakesuchdecisionsisopentodoubt

B、thedecisionsshouldbebasedonscientists*conclusions

C、decisionmakingshouldinvolvemorepeopleotherthanscientists

D、it'smorallyunacceptabletoeradicateallalienspecies

標準答案：C

知識點解析：細節題。文章第三、四段中，作者對如何對待外來物種提出了自己的

看法。如在第三段中，作者指出誰應該做出這樣的決定以及他們對這樣的問題應該

負責的程度也必須被重新認識(Andwhoshouldmakesuchdecisionsandtowhat

degreetheyareaccountablemustalsobeupforreview.)。第四段中作者更加明確地

指出決策民主化的觀點(Yetthereisagrowingfeelingforthedemocratizationof

decisionsconcerningnonhumanlife.)。故正確答案為C項。

5、Whichofthefollowingfactsistrue?

A^Toeliminatealienspeciesfbrthesakeoftheindigenousonesisjustifiable.

B、Thefeelingforhumanmakingdemocraticdecisionsonotherspeciesisincreasing

C、People'sattitudestowardsalienspeciesinvolveeconomicconsiderations.

Humanhavetodesignnaturetoprotectbiodiversity.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：細節題。根據文章最后一段中Yetthereisagrowingfeelingfor(he

democratizationofdecisionsconcerningnonhumanlife可知,B項正確。

Humansarehavingahardenoughtimecopingwiththenaturalvariabilityinour

environment,whichcausesdisasterssuchasheatwaves,wildfiresandfloods.Waiting

withoutactionsmakesallthreeofthoseproblems—andmanymore—worse.Thatwas

theseriouswarningfromtheworld'sscientificcommunitylastweek,inthelatestreport

fromtheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)TheU.N.-chartcrcdbody

produceditsfirstcomprehensivereportsince2007ontheclimatechanges.Therearc

somethingsthescientistsareveryconfidentwillhappeninawarmingworldoverthe

nextcentury.Sealevelswillrise,threateningcoastalcitiesandlow-lyingnations.Island

statescouldgethitveryhard.Thereareprobablygoingtoberelativelymoreextremely

hotdays(hanextremelycoldones,andfbod-borneillnesseswillprobablyincrease.But

partoftheriskofclimatechangeis(hatscientistsdon'thaveacrystalballtoforetellhow,

exactly,(heenvironmentwillrespondtorisingtemperatures,andtheyaretryingto

predicteffectsoverthecourseofdecades.Theexpertsanticipatethatforestscoulddieoff

andthatwetlandandrainforestecosystemscouldcrumble.Theyanticipateeffectson

watersystemsjustabouteverywhere:morefloodinginmanyplaces,lesswaterindry

areas,morehumidityinhibitinghumanlaborinwetterclimes.Therecouldalsobesome

positiveeffectsforsome,theexpertsnote.Theypredictfewerdeathsduetocold,but

moreduetoheat.Someareasoftheplanet,particularlyinhigherlatitudes,mightbecome

morefertile.Butlowercropyieldselsewherewilloutweighthosebenefits.Indeed,the

planet'sgreenlandsalongtheequatormightbemuchworseoff.Thescientists,fbr

example,predictthatfishandotheraquaticlifewillfleeelsewhereasoceantemperatures

change.And,ofcourse,therecouldbeeffects,goodandbad,thattheexpertsaren't

anticipating.Thatshouldn'tbecomforting.Theexpertsleavelittledoubtabouttheright

B、Areasinhigherlatitudesmaybecomemoresuitablefbrplants,growth.

C、Plantsinlowerlatitudesmaygrowevenmoreluxuriant.

D、Citiesindryareaswillhaveenoughwaterresource.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：細節題。根據題干關鍵詞定位到第五段。［tlSomeareasofthe

planet,particularlyinhigherlatitudes,mighlbecomemorefertile可知，B項“高緯度

地區將更適宜植物的生長”為正確答案。

Whatdoesthelastparagraphimply?

A^Humanbeingsarevulnerablegroupsintheworld.

B、Humanbeingshavenoabilitytoreduceemissions.

C、Humanbeingsarcpreparingforthecoiningrisks.

D、Pollutionsmaybethemajorcauseofclimatechange.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：推斷題。根據題干關鍵詞定位到最后一段。根據…theright

response：Cutpollutiontoheadofftheworstpossibleconsequences可知，減少污染可

以阻止最壞結果的發生，故可推斷D項“污染可能是氣候變化的主因”為正確答

案。

1。、Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

A、Climatechangehascausedgreatdamagetomostcountriesintheworld.

B、Tostopclimatechangewillgreatlyimprovethedevelopmentoftheworld.

C、Itisurgentforhumanbeingstotakemeasurestopreventclimatechange.

D、Humanbeingsshouldbuildman-madehighlands(oavoidfloods.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：推斷題。通讀全文后可知：文章前兩段在滬人類正艱難地應對環境變

化帶來的問題；第三、四、五段介紹了氣候變化將會帶來的各種災難；最后一段，

引用專家的觀點表明，減少污染可阻止可能出現的最壞后果，并指出，延遲行動會

減少世界的選擇及人類應對災難的時間，并號召人類采取行動，應對氣候變化。因

此，文章的主題是要號召人類共同抵制氣候變化。由此判斷，C項“人類采取行動

阻止氣候變化已迫在眉睫”符合題意。

Aunion-backedcampaignconductedscatteredprotestsandemployeewalkoutsatfast-

foodchainsin60citiesinanefforttorampuppressureforincreasedwageswhile

organizersarequietlyworkingtocreateunionstorepresentfast-foodworkers.The

impactandsizeofThursday'sprotestswasdifficulttogauge.Spokesmenfortheprotests*

organizersestimatedthattheyinvolvedL000fast-foodoutlets,andsomeotherretailers,

suchasdepartmentstores,andclaimedthatwalkoutsshutdownsomerestaurants.

McDonald'sCorp,andWendy'sCo.saidtheprotestshadminimaleffectsonoperations

andthattheywereunawareofanyshutdowns.AtmiddayThursdayindowntown

Chicago,oneofthecitiestargeted,severaloutletsofbothchainsseemedundisturbed.

PeopleprotestedoutsideoneChicagoMcDonald'sforabout45minutes;arestaurant

employeereachedbyphone,whodidn'twanttobeidentified,saidnoneoftheprotesters

wereemployedthere.BurgerKingWorldwideInc.didn'trespondiorequestsfor

comment.Workersmarchingoutsidefast-foodrestaurantshavecalledforthechainsto

increasewagesto$15anhour-wagesnowcanbeaslowasthenationalminimumof

$7.25anhourandtoallowa"fairprocess"tojoinaunion.Therestaurantcompaniessay

theypayfairandcompetitivewagesandthatincreasesofthatsizewouldforceownersto

cutstaff.Previousstrikeshavetargetedfast-foodchainsinmorethanadozencitiesfrom

NewYorktoSeattle.Thechainshavesaidthosestrikesalsodidn'tcausesignificant

disruptions.Butthemomentumofdemonstrationsisunusualinanindustrywhere

organizinghasbeendifHcullbecauseofhighemployeeturnover.Theprotestscomeas

theServiceEmployeesInternationalUnioninrecentmonthshashelpedestablishanew

unioninatleastsixcitieswheretheunionandcommunityadvocacygroupshavebeen

organizingfastfoodstrikes,accordingtoorganizersanddocumentsfiledinrecent

monthswiththeLaborDepartment.ThecitiesincludeNewYork,ChicagoandSt.Louis.

SEIUofficialsandmembersofnonunioncommunitygroupsarelistedasofficersofthose

unions."Fast-foodworkersneedaunionandwe'reproudtohelpthemgetitstarted,"said

KendallFells,listedaspresidentofaNewYork-basedunioncalledtheFastFood

WorkersCommitteeondocumentsfiledwiththeLaborDepartmentinFebruary.

11、Accordingtothespokesmenfbrtheprotests5organizers,thewalkouts.

A、makelotsofrestaurantssuspendoperations

B、involvemanyfast-foodshops

C、causesigmiicantdisruptions

D、succeedinincreasingpressureontheemployers

標準答案：B

知識點解析：細節題。根據題干關鍵詞定位到第一段最后一句。第一段.主要說明快

餐行業員工大罷工的原因和意圖。最后一句意為“抗議活動組織方的發言人估計，

這些活動涉及1000家快餐門店，還有百貨商店等其他一些零售商，并說罷工行動

導致一些餐館關閉”。由此可知，B項“牽扯到許多家快餐店”，符合題意，為正確

答案。

12、Itcanheinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat.

A^thewagesofwuikcisaiclowerthaniialionaliniiiiinuiiiwages

B、theprotestersaskfortherightstotakepartinlaborunionfreely

C、theemployeesandemployershavedifferentopinionsonwages

D、theemployerswillcutstuffinthefuture

標準答案：C

知識點解析：推斷題。根據題干關鍵詞定位到第三段。第三段主要說明雇主和工人

在工資方面存在極大分歧。員工覺得工資過低，而雇主認為目前的工資水平是公正

合理的，并且員工一味要求漲工資，最終會導致雇主裁員，損害員工自己的利益。

由此可知C項“員工和雇主對工資有不同的看法”，符合題意，為正確答案。

13、Themomentumofdemonstrationsinfast-foodindustryisunusualbecause.

A^it'sdifficulttoorganizeemployees

B、it'sdifficulttostrikeatthesametime

C、thescaleofthestrikeislarge

D^theemployeeturnoverishigh

標準答案：D

知識點解析：細節題。根據題干關鍵詞定位到第四段。第四段是對這次罷工的一個

評價。此段最后一句為“但這一行業出現游行勢頭不同尋常，由于員工流動率高，

組織游行示威一直很難由此可知，D項“員工流動率高”，符合題意，為正確答

案。

14、Theword"advocacy"(Para.5)mostlymeans.

A^support

B、promotion

C^motivation

D^stimulation

標準答案：A

知識點解析：含義題。根據題干關鍵詞定位到第五段theunionandcommunity

advocacygroupshavebeenorganizingfast-fbodstrikes...,可見communityadvocacy

groups和union(匚會)所起的作用類似，都在組織罷工。advocacy意為“支持，擁

護"，communityadvocacygroups直譯是“社區擁護組織“，可靈活譯為“社區宣傳組

織”，故A項為正確答案“

15、Itcanheconcludedfromthetextthat.

A、Unityisstrength

B、Bloodwillhaveblood

C、Romewasnotbuiltinaday

D^Differentstandpointdecidesdifferentperspective

標準答案：D

知識點解析：推斷題。本題屬于主旨推斷題，需要從整體上把握文章大意。本文主

要講述了美國一場由工會支持的多家城市的快餐店員參與的罷工活動。文章分別從

員工和雇主的不同角度對此次罷工進行了評價。讀完全文，我們不難發現，在對待

工資和此次罷工方面，雇主和員工、工會的看法存在巨大分歧，由此可知D項?,立

場不同，觀點也不同”符合上述意思，故為正確答案。

ItisgettinghardertogoanywherewithoutsteppingonapieceofLego-relatedhype.The

LegoMovieisnumbertwoattheAmericanboxoffice,afterthreeweeksatnumberone.

Modelkitsrelatedtothefilmarepiledhighintheshops.Theywilladdtothealready

giganticheapofLegobits:86foreverypersonontheplanet.Thetoymakerhasenjoyed

tenyearsofspectaculargrowth,almostquadruplingitsrevenue.Thisisremarkablefor

manyreasons.Lego'shometown,BillundinruralDenmark,issosmallthatthecompany

hadtoprovideitwithahotel—anelegantone,unsurprisingly.Thetoybusinessisoneof

theworld'strickiest:perenniallyfaddishand,atthemoment,convulsedbytechnological

innovation.Childrenarcgrowingupeverfaster,andabandon.ngthephysicalworldfor

thevirtual.Tocapitall,thecompanyalmostcollapsedin2003-2004,havingdriftedfor

years,diversifyingintotoomanyareas,producingtoomanyproducts.Lego'sdecadeof

successbeganwhenitappointedJorgenVigKnudstorpaschiefexecutive.Mr.

Knudstorpdecreedthatthecompanymustgobacktothebrick:focusingonitscore

products,forgettingaboutbrand-stretching,andevensellingitsthemeparks.Healso

broughtinstrictermanagementcontrols,forexamplereducingthenumberofdifferent

pieces(hatthecompanyproducedfrom12.900to7,000.UnderMr.KnudstorpLegohas

struckasuccessfulbalancebetweeninnovationandtradition.Thecompanyhas(o

generatenewideastokeepitssalesgrowing:customersneedareason(oexpandtheir

stockofbricks,andtobuythemfromLegoratherthancheaperrivals.Legoproducesa

streamofkitswithready-madedesigns,suchasfortsandspaceships,toprovidechildren

withtemplates.Butitalsoinsiststhatthepiecescanbeaddedtothechild'scollectionof

bricks,andreusedtomakeallsortsofotherthings.Legohasgotbetteratmanagingits

relationships.TheLegoMoviedemonstrateshowitcanfocusonthebrickwhile

venturingintothevirtualworld:WarnerBros,madethefilmwhileLegoprovidedthe

models.Ithasalsogotbetterattappingitslegionoffans—particularlyadultfansof

Lego,orAFOLs—fornewideas.Legoisnowataninflectionpoint,buildingits

organisationalcapacityandembracingglobalisation,tohelpi【findnewsourcesof

growth.Theaimistwofold:toreplicatein(herapidlygrowingeastLego'ssuccessinthe

west;andtotransformalocalcompanythathappenedtogoglobalintoaglobalcompany

thathappens(ohaveitsheadofficeinBillund.

16、Thefirstparagraphisusedtodemonstrate

A、thepervasivenessofLcgo-rclatcdhype

B、thepopularityofTheLegoMovie

C、thegiganticheapofLegobits

D^thespectaculargrowthofLego

標準答案：D

知識點解析：推斷題。根捱題干關犍詞定位到第一段。本段簡要介紹了樂高公司的

成就。作者通過這些是想說明樂高公司的玩具如今有多么流行，樂高公司取得的成

就有多么了不起，因此D項“樂高的驚人增長”是作者的真正目的。故D項為正確

答案。

17、Lego'ssuccessisremarkableforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTth