考研英語(閱讀)模擬試卷431

一、閱讀(常規閱讀理解)(本題共2。題，每題

分,共20分。)

Humanlanguageis(hesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation,but(hegesturesthat

accompanyspeechareasurprisinglyneglectedarea.1(issometimesjokinglysaidthatihe

waytorenderanItalianspeechlessislotiehiswriststogether,butalmosteveryone

movestheirhandsinmeaningfulwayswhentheytalk.SusanGoldin-Meadowofthe

UniversityofChicago,however,studiesgesturescarefully—andnotoutofidlecuriosity.

Introspectionsuggeststhatgesturingnotonlyhelpspeoplecommunicatebutalsohelps

themtothink.Shesetouttotestthis,andspecificallytofindoutwhethergesturesmight

beusedasanaidtochildren'slearning.Itturnsout,asshetoldtheAmericanAssociation

fortheAdvancementofScicnce(AAAS),thattheycan.Theexperimentsheconducted

involvedbalancingequations.Presentedwithanequationoftheform2+3+4=x+4,

writtenonablackboard,achildisaskedtocalculatethevalueofx.IntheequationsDr

Goldin-Meadowalwaysmadethelastnumberontheleftthesameasthelastontheright;

soxwasthesumofthefirsttwonumbers.Commonly,however,childrenwhoare

learningarithmeticwilladdallthreeofthenumbersonthelefttoarriveatthevalueofx.

InherpreviousworkDrGoldin-Meadowhadnotedthatchildrenoftenusespontaneous

gestureswhenexplaininghov/theysolvemalhematicalpuzzles.Sotoseeifthesehand-

movementsactuallyhelpachildtothink,oraremerelydescriptive,shedividedagroup

ofchildrenintotwoandaskedthemtobalanceequations.Onegroupwasaskedto

gesturewhiledoingso.Asecondwasaskednotto.Bothgroupswerethengivenalesson

inhowtosolveproblemsofthissort.AsDrGoldin-Meadowsuspected,thefirstgroup

learntmorefromthelessonthanthesecond.Byobservingtheirgesturessherefinedthe

experiment.Often,achildwouldtouchorpointtothefirsttwonumbersontheleftwith

thefirsttwofingersofonehand.DrGoldin-Meadowthereforutaughtthisgesture

explicitlytoanothergroupofchildren.Or.rather,shetaughtathirdofthem,taught

anotherthirdtopointtothesecondandthirdnumbersthisway,andtoldtheremainderto

usenogestures.Whenallweregiventhesamelessonitwasfoundthosegesturing

"correctly"learntthemost.Balthosegesturing"incorrectly"stilloutperformedthenon-

gesturers.Gesturing,therefore,clearlydoeshelpthought.Indeed,itissothought-

provokingthateventhewronggestureshavesomevalue.Perhaps(hishelpstoexplain

whythearithmetic-intensiveprofessionofbankingwasinventedinItaly.

1、Wccanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat

A、Italianscannottalkwithothersiftheydon'tmovetheirhandsinmeaningfiilways.

B、gesturinggoingwithspeechisrarelychosenasthesubjectofthescientific

investigation.

C、humanlanguageismuchmoreimportantthanmeaningfulgestures.

D^meaningfulgesturesareconsideredtobeofhelptochildren'slearning.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：判斷推理題。第一段講到人類的語言是一個永恒的研究主題，然而對

伴隨言語的手勢的研究卻通常被忽視，故B項與之相符。

2、Dr.Goldin-Meadowfoundthatwhenexplaininghowtheysolvemathematical

problems,childrenusegestures

A^purposefully.

automatically.

C、suddenly.

D^naturally.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：語義理解題。根據solvingmathematicalproblems定位到第三段第一

句。本句在原文中是用spontaneous來修飾gestures,故D項“自然地”與此最貼切。

3、Dr.Goldin-Meadowconductedtheexperimentsoasto

A、helpchildrentolearnhowtocommunicatewithotherseffectively.

B、provethatgesturesmightbeusedasanaid(ochildren'slearning.

C、figureoutthathand-movementsofchildrenarcdescriptiveaswell.

D、provethatchildrendoingwronggestureslearnlessthanron-gestures.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：推理判斷題。通過第?段“高東梅多對這?吃斷講行了檢驗，并特意

考察了手勢是否有助于兒童的學習”，以及第四段中的底mlmore,可以推斷出高

定梅多博士的實驗目的為確定手勢對兒童學習的影響，故B項正確。

4、Whichof(hefollowingis(rueaccordingtothetext?

A、Mostscholarsstudygesturesbecausetheyarccuriousaboutthem.

B、Italiansaregoodatarithmeticbecausetheygestureinmeaningfulways.

C、Wronggesturesaswellascorrectonescanaidchildren'slearning.

D^Correctgesturescanhelpchildrentosolvemostmathematicalproblems.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：推理判斷題。依據原文第四段，無論手勢正確與否，那些使用手勢的

兒童的學習效果要好于那些不使用手勢的，故C項正確。

5、Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A^GesturingandHumanLanguage

B、AHandwavingApproachtoArithmetic

C、HowtoSolveArithmeticProblems?

D、Gesture:AnAidtoCommunication

標準答案：B

知識點解析：主旨大意題?？疾槲恼聵祟}。這篇文章主要講述高定梅多博士所做的

實驗，是為說明“使用手勢對兒童的運算能力有邦助”這一觀點。由此可以判斷出B

項”利用手勢學習算術“最佳，它既指出了全文的關鍵詞''手勢"、“算術”，又點明了

兩者之間的關系。

Forthepastfiveyears.Dr.StephenPosthasbeenfundingresearchprojectsthattesthow

altruisni(selflessness),compassion,andgivingaffectpeople'slivesandwell-being.As

headoftheInstituteforResearchonUnlimitedLove(IRUL),-itCaseWesternReserve

UniversityinCleveland,hehassponsoredmorethan50studiesbyscientistsfrom54

majoruniversities.Inawiderangeofdisciplines—frompublichealthtohuman

developmenttoncuroscicncc.sociology,andevolutionarybiology—thestudieshave

demonstratedthatloveandcaringexpressedindoinggoodforothersleadpeopletohave

healthier,happier,andevenlongerlives.IRULresearchispartofasignificantshiftunder

waywithinkeyscientificdisciplinesfromfocusingjustonthedeficitordiseasemodelof

humannaturetostudyingthepositive,virtuous,andthrivingaspects.Intheprocess,the

researchisbroadeningtheunderstandingofwhatcontributesiohealthandlongevity.

Evensomeinevolutionarybiology,afieldlongknownforproclaiming"theselfish

gene,"areonboard."Alotofmycolleaguesviewitverypositively,"saysDavidSloan

Wilson,aprominentevolutionarybiologistfamousforhisworkon"groupselection."Dr.

Wilsonhasstudiedhowaltruisticteenagersfarewithindifferingsocialenvironments一

situationswheretheythriveandotherswheretheyareundergreatstress—aswellas

groupaltruism.Hepraisestheinstituteforidentifyingandsupporting"aneglectedsetof

subjects"forresearch.Researchonpeoplediagnosedwithvariousillnesses—whetherit

beHIV/AIDS,multiplesclerosis,oralcoholism-revealedthatthosepatientsinvolvedin

counselingorotherwiseservingothersshowgreaterimprovementintheirownhealth.

Volunteerismstudieshavedemonstratedsuchpositiveresultsthatsomepeoplehave

calledfordoctorstoprescribevolunteeractivities.Postemphasizes,however,thatit*snot

justtheactivityitself,butthefeelingsbehindtheactsthatbenefitthosetakingpart.

Numerousstudiesonthebrainhaveprovidedimagesthatconfirmthe”hclr)cr'shigh”

thewarmglowthatpeoplefeelfromhelpingactivities.ButPostdoesn'tconcludethatit's

theselfishpursuitofthathighthatspurspeopletobegivers."It'snotjustfromthe

chemicals.Thereisthisneurologicalactivityinthehumanbody,"hesays,"butIthink

(hereisaspiritualpresencethatenlivensandelevatesthiskindofnaturalsubstrate."The

institutewill(henlurnverypractical.Postsays,takingall(hathasbeenlearnedabout

loveandseeing"howi(canbeappliedininterventionstomaketheworldabelterplace."

6、Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,wcknowthatIRULresearch

A、hasbeenconductedbyDr.Postandscientistsfromother54universities.

B、aimstofindoutwhatcontributestohealthier,happier,andlongerlives.

C、hasshownaltruisticloveresultsinahealthierandhappierlife.

D、studieshowaltruisticteenagersgetalonginvarioussocialenvironments.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：事實細節題。文中講到“這些研究已經證明，幫助他人時體現出來的

愛和關懷使人更健康、更快樂、甚至更長壽”，C項與此相符。

7、IntheeyesofDr.Wilson,IRULresearch

A、initiatesanimportantchange.

B、developsevolutionarybiology.

officialscanbeaccusedoftorture.Mr.Bushhimselfhasmostlykeptalowprofilesince

returningtoTexas.HeandLaurasettledintotheirnewhouse,inaselectpartofDallas.

HethrewthefirstballataTexasRangersbaseballgameandvisitedahardwareshop.He

hasbeenjoggingandridinghisbicycle.Hehasgivenonespeech,inCanada,atwhichhe

declinedtocriticizethenewpresident."Hedeservesmysilence,"saidMr.Bush.ButMr.

Bushwillnotbesilentforever.Hehasstartedtowritehismemoirs,whichwillskipthe

usualformatandbeorganizedaroundaseriesof12momentousdecisions.Theformat

makessense,givenMr.Bush'sviewofhistoryandhisroleinit."I'mthedecider,"hesaid

in2006,defendinghisdecision(okeepDonaldRumsfeldasdefensesecretary.Itwasone

ofhisleastpopulardecisions,andMr.Bush'smanycriticsthoughtitwasabull-headed

thingtosay.Butperhapsitwassimplyanexistentialcomment.Thepresidentisthe

decider.Thereisnogettingroundthat.The"decider"ideawillextendtotheGeorgeW.

BushPresidentialCentre,tobehousedatSouthernMethodistUniversityinDallas.The

centrewillincludeapolicyinstituteaswellastheusuallibraryandmuseum.OnApril

14thMr.Bushgatheredabout20ofhisoldemployeesinDallas,includingtheformer

secretaryofstate,CondoleezzaRice,andaformerspeechwriter,MichaelGerson,towork

outstrategy.Thepolicyinstitutewillbeunashamedlyideological.Themuseum,likethe

memoirs,willbeorganizedaroundaseriesofdecisions.Thelisthasnotbeenfinalized,

thoughsomearcobviouschoices,suchasthedecisionstoinvadeIraqandAfghanistan.

MarkLangdale,presidentoftheGeorgeW.BushFoundation,thinksthatMr.Bush's

2007decisiontopursueimmigrationreformshouldmakethecut.Theeffortfailedinthe

Senate,butfailureispartofanyhumanstory.Thatgoesforpresidents,too."Sometimes

theysucceed,andsometimestheydon't,hutthejourneycontinues,1'saysMr.Langdale.

11>Itcanbeinferredfromtheopeningparagraphthat

A、(heObamaadministrationtakesonsomemembersof(heBushcrew.

B、somemembersoftheBushcrewarcinvolvedinnegativepublicity.

C、Obama'sapproachtonationalsecurityisprovedbyCheneytobeafailure.

D、GeorgeBushisnotpopularwithAmericansasapresidentatall.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：事實細節題，考查是非細節。文中第一段提到布什班底某些成員正因

為虐囚事件而接受法庭調杳，這是一起負面的公共事件，B項正確。

12>Bush'slifeisdescribedinthesecondparagraphtoshowthat

AsBushisstillactivelyengagedinsocialandpoliticalactivities.

B、Bushbecomesmorepopularafterhisretirementfrompresidency.

C、Bushisrathersilentcomparedwithhisformercolleagues.

D、BushshowsnointerestinObama'sadministrationandpolicies.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：推理判斷題，考杳例證用意。第二段首句點明布什卸任之后表現得相

當低調，而不像他的老同事切尼等仍在媒體上高談闊論。隨后的具體事例則是“低

調”的表現,C項正確。

13、Whatdoesthephrase"bulI-headed"(Line5,Paragraph31mostprobablymean?

A、Stubborn.

B、Stupid.

C、Mad.

D、Unpopular.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：語義理解題，考查詞語含義。第三段提到，布什總統堅持讓唐納

德?拉姆斯菲爾德擔任國防部長，并為此辯護說，“我才是決定者根據文中的

dcfcndingjcastpopulardecisions可知布什當初做這一決定的時候勢必遭受到巨大的

阻力，但他還是這樣做了，并說自己才是“決定者”，由此可推斷，bull-headed的意

思是“固執的”，因此選A。

14、Mr.Dushgatheredsomeofhisformercolleagues

A、toextendthe"decider"ideatotheGeorgeW.BushPresidentialCentre.

B、todiscusshishouseatSouthernMethodistUniversityinDallas.

C、toformulatestrategywiththem.

D、torecapturetheexperienceofthe"decider".

標準答案：C

知識》解析：事實細節題。文章第四段提到布什召集了約20名老部下制定策略，

C項“制定策略”與之相符。

15、WhatdocsMarkLangdalethinkofBush'sdecisiontopursueimmigrationreform?

A、ItbroughtnegativeinfluencetotheBushadministration.

B、Itshouldbeoneofthedecisionsincludedinthemuseum.

C、Itshouldberegardedaspartofthehumanhistory.

D、ItwasafailurelikethedecisionstoinvadeIraqandAfghanistan.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據MarkLangdale定位文章末段，其中提到馬克?蘭代

爾認為2007年布什總統尋求移民政策改革，這一決定也應該入圍這張清單，B項

正確。

Howstupiddoesoneneedtobetogetajobreadingthetelevisionnews?Isitactually

beneficialforTVnewsreaderstohave,insteadofabrain,aplateoflemonjelly?Last

weekthedebatewasragingonceagainaboutthecontroversialandimportantpointasto

whetherthenewsreaderswritetheirowncopy,readsomeoneelse'sorsimplymakeitup

astheygoalong.AngelaRipponreckonedthatshehadneverheardofanewsreader

writingstuff,buthermoderncounterpart,thebeautifulSophieRawonh,claimsthatthey

dothewritingandaddsthatshehasapostgraduatedegreeinjournalism.Thisisthecore

oftheissue:whatonearthistheretolearnaboutjournalismatpostgraduatelevel?The

pointandpurposeofourlowly,occasionallyuseful,tradecouldbescribbledontheback

ofapostagestampandwouldeasilybecomprehendedbya14-year-oldboywith

ADHD(attentiondeficilhyperactivitydisorder).Whohasdecidedthatitmustbe

dignifiedwithadoctoralthesis?Norisreadingthenewsevenwhatonemightcall

"journalism".Itisanevensimplerbusinesscalled"reading".AllthattheBBCdemands

ofitsfemalenewsreadersisanabilitytoreadinanimpartialwaywordslike"Israelhas

murderedmoreLebanesechildrenagaintoday"fromtheteleprompterwithoutbelching

orlisping.Ithelpsiftheyhavetheeminentlypresentablemannerofagirlguideleader

fromEsher.Theyareforbiddentoexpressanopinion.Theyarenotrequiredtogo

undercover,analyzethenewsoraddwittyasides.Theyarerequiredtobethatwhichthey

arcknownasinthetrade—"agobonastick”.Apenetratingintelligenceisnotmerely

unnecessary,itiscounterproductive.Newsreaderswhoaretoointelligentsoonstopbeing

newsreaders,muchasJohnHurnphrysdid,stifledbythecommonplaceoftheirduties.Or

(heygivethegameawaybydoingwhat(hatGermannewsreaderdidandendthe

programme,shakingtheirheadssadly,multering,nil'salllies,alllies".Whichisnotto

sayBBCnewsreadersarebadat(heirjobs:quitethereverse.Butweshouldnotconfuse

competencewithintelligence.Newsreadersbelievethatbecausetheyarereadingout

seriousstuffandeverybodyislisteningtothem,theymustthereforebecreatures

possessedofahighIQ.Theyareconfusingthemessagewiththemedium.

16^Theauthorholdsinthefirsttwoparagraphsthatapostgraduatedegreeinjournalism

A、isquiteunnecessaryfornewsreaders.

B、isvitalforanewsreadertowritestuff.

C、mattersquitealotfbranewsreader.

D^involvesnolearningaboutjournalism.

標準答案:A

知識點解析：觀點態度題。第一段結尾出現postgraduatedegreeinjournalism,第二

段開頭作者就以一個反問句表明自己對新聞學碩士學位的置疑，接下來的句子也直

接說明作者并不覺得高學歷有必要。該段以反問句結尾，“誰說干這行非得有博士

文憑才夠品?”可以看出作者并不認為播音員一定要具備限士文憑，故八項正確。

17、TheauthorcitestheexampleofBBCinParagraph3toshowthat

A^itis