考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷370

一、閱讀（常規閱讀理解）（本題共20題，每題7.0

分，共20分。）

Thereisacommonmisconceptionthatthesinglemostimportantfactorinscienceand

developmentistheneedforadequatefundingforrelevantresearch.Thistypeof

thinking一sometimesdescribedasthe"sciencepush"modelofdevelopment—tendsto

focusontheproportionofacountry'sgrossnationalproductspentonresearchand

development.Butspendingonresearchispariofabroaderpiclure.Anarguablylarger

roleisplayedbygovernmentpoliciesaffectingthepracticalapplicationofscientific

knowledge.Thisusuallyinvolvesembeddingsuchknowledgeintechnologicalproducts

andprocesses,whatiswidelydescribedas"technologytransfer".Technologytransferhas

inthepastoftenbeendemonisedinmanydevelopmentpolicycirclesasaprocessby

whichmultinationalcorporationsbecomerichattheexpenseofpoorcountries—selling

themproductstheycannotaffordandkeepingthempoliticallysubservientbyrefusinglo

licensetechnicalknow-how.Butasdevelopingcountrieshavebecomeincreasingly

integratedintoasingleglobaleconomy,suchthinkinghaschanged.ForregionslikeEast

AsiaorLatinAmerica,effectivetechnologytransfer,tappingintothescientificand

technicalknowledgeofnotonlyresearchersintheNorth,butincreasinglytheirown,is

nowrecognisedasessentialtoeconomicgrowthandsocialprosperity.Oneimportant

themetoemergeisthattechnologytransferhasbecomeacomplexbusiness,withmany

differentactors.But,justasimportant,isthefactthatsociety'spoorestsectorsareoften

forgottenintechnologytransferdebates.Debatesraisedbythepovertygapbetweenrich

andpoorcountriesarebeingreplacedbyconcernsaboutthegapwithindeveloping

countriesthemselves.Thisshouldcomeaslittlesurprise.Inpractice,theprivatesector

tendstoprovidethemostwidelyusedchannelsfortechnologytransfer.Thisislargely

becausethemosteffectivemechanismforpromotingrapidtechnologyinnovationisthe

market,withincentivesfbrentrepreneursandrewards,throughpatents,forinventors.But

governmentsstillsharesubstantialresponsibilityformakingtechnologytransferwork

effectivelyandinthenationalinterest.Theymust,forexample,investinthecapitaland

intellectualinfrastructureneededforsmoothtechnologytransfer.Thisincludesinvesting

inuniversity-basedresearchandtraining,toensurethatacountryhastheknowledgeand

skillsitneedstonotonlyacquirebutalsousenewtechnologies.Governmentsalsoneed

toregulatealltransferredtechnologies-theseshouldnotjustbeuseful,butsocially

acceptableaswell.Governmentsmustdeveloppublicinstitutionsthatcanmakesucha

judgement,eitherbyadoptinginternationalcriteria（onsafetylevels,forexample）orby

developingcriteriaoftheirown.

1、Thephrasenabroaderpicture"（Line1,Paragraph2）refersto.

A、GNPspentonresearchanddevelopment

B、the"sciencepush"modelofdevelopment

C、thevitalroleplayedbygovernmentpolicies

D^thepracticalapplicationofscientificknowledge

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據第二段前兩句"Butspendingonresearchispartofabroader

picture.Anarguablylargerroleisplayedbygovernmentpoliciesaffectingthepractical

applicationofscientificknowledge"，D應為答案。

2、Itisbelievedrightnowthattechnologytransfer.

A、helpspoorcountriesdevelopfaster

B>benefitsmultinationalcorporations

C^harmspoorcountriesinmanyways

D^affectsmanydevelopmentpolicycircles

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據第四段“Butasdevelopingcountries…economy,suchthinkinghas

changed”,以及第五段中的“…effectivetechnologytransfer...isnowrecognisedas

essentialtoeconomicgrowthantisocialprosperity"，A應為答案。

3、Theword"demonise"(Line1,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans.

A、regard

B、blacken

C、interpret

D、recognize

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據第三段中的“bywhichmultinationalcorporationsbecomerichatthe

expenseofpoorcountries-sellingthemproductstheycannotaffordandkeepingthem

politicallysubservientbyrefusingtolicensetechnicalknow-how”可知，此處“demonise”

的意思是“丑化”。所以，B應為答案。

4、Intheauthor'sopinion,thepoliciesontechnologytransfermust.

A、serveasaneffectivemechanismforsocialdevelopment

B、bridgethedistinctgapbetweenrichandpoorcountries

C^meettheneedsofthepoorestindevelopingcountries

D、beaseffectiveaspossibleandinthenationalinterest

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據第六段中的“But,justasimportam,isthefactthatsociety's

poorestsectorsarcoftenforgottenintechnologytransferdebates.Debates...arc

beingreplacedbyconcernsaboutthegapwithindevelopingcountriesthemselves”,C應

為答案。

5、Theauthorsuggeststhatinordertomakeeffectivetechnologytransfer,governments

should.

A、investmoreintheintellectualinfrastructure

B>gotogreatlengthstoofferextensivesupport

C、regulatealltechnologiesavailablefortransfer

D^adopthighercriteriatodeveloppublicinstitutions

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據第八段第一句"Butgovernmentsstillsharesubstantialresponsibility

fbrmakingtechnologytransferworkeffectively...B應為答案。

"WhatcanIranteachusaboutgoodgovernance?"isnotaquestionoftenposedin

Washington.ButaccordingtoBenjaminHippen,atransplantnephrologistinNorth

Carolina,theIranianshavemanagedtodosomethingAmericanpolicymakershavelong

thoughtimpossible:They,vefoundkidneysforeverysinglecitizeninneed.AsHippen

explainsinaMarchreportfortheCatoInstitute,theIraniangovernmenthasbeenpaying

kidneydonorssince1988.Toavoidpotentialconflictsofinterest,donorsandrecipients

workthroughanindependentorganizationknownastheDialysisandTransplantPatient

Association.Donorsapproachtheassociationontheirown;theycannotberecruitedby

physiciansorreferredbybrokerswithfinancialincentives.Theyreceive$1,200and

limitedhealthcoveragefromthegovernment,inadditiontodirectremunerationfromthe

recipient-or,iftherecipientisimpoverished,fromoneofseveralcharitable

organizations.Thecombinationofcharitableandgovernmentalpaymentsensuresthat

poorrecipientsaretreatedaswellaswealthyones.Criticsoforganmarketsoftenclaim

thatwherepaymentsarepermitted,altruisticdonationwilldropoff.Hippenfoundthisis

notthecaseinIran.Thecountry'sdeceaseddonorprogram,startedin2000,hasgrov/n

steadilyalongsidepaiddonation.(Posthumousdonationsarcnotremunerated.)Duringthe

lasteightyears,deceaseddonationshaveincreasedtenfold.Dataonthelong-termhealth

ofIranian,kidneydonorsismixedandinconclusive,soHippenrecommendsthatanyU.

S.systemcloselytrackdonorsandprovidethemwithlifelonghealthcare.Sincemany

potentialkidneyrecipientsarecuiTentlysurvivingonvastlymoreexpensivedialysis

treatment(paidfbrbyMedicare),providingdonorswithlong-termhealthcareisprobably

morecost-effectivethanthestatusquo.AmericancriticscontinuetolamentthatIran

failedtoadopttheU.S.policyofbanningpaymentfororgansinthemid-1980s.

"Carryingthisreasoningtoitsconclusion,"writesHippen,"wouldentailadmittingthatin

sodoing,Iranwouldhavealsoincurredourcurrentshortageoforgans,ourwaitinglist

mortality,andourconsequentmoralcomplicityingeneratingastateofaffairsthat

sustainsaninternationalmarketinillegalorgantrafficking.HNoothercountryhas

managedtoeliminateitskidneywaitinglist;theU.S.hasalist73,000patientslong.

Whoshouldbeadvisingwhom?

6、BenjaminHippenthinksthattheIraniangovernment.

A、outshinesAmericansinpublicpolicymaking

B、hasdonesomethingimpossibleforitscitizens

C、setsanexampleinmanagingkidneytransplant

D^teachesAmericanshowtoimprovemanagement

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據第一段中的"They'vefoundkidneysforeverysinglecitizenin

need”,C應為答案。

7、InIran,kidneydonors.

A^areusuallyrecruitedbytransplantphysicians

B、receivecharitableandgovernmentalpayments

C、avoidacceptingdirectpaymentsfromrecipients

D、jointheDialysisandTransplantPatientAssociation

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據第二段中的"Theyreceive$1,200andlimitedhealthcoveragefrom

thegovernment...or,iftherecipientisimpoverished,fromoneofseveralcharitable

organizations”，B應為答案。

8、ThedeceaseddonorprograminIran.

A^hasbeensubjecttosomesharpcriticism

B、permitspaymentsinvoluntarydonations

C、needsthehelpofcharitableorganizations

D、contributestogenuinealtruisticdonation

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據第三段中的"Critics…oftenclaimthat...altruisticdonationwilldrop

off.HippenfoundthisisnotthecaseinIran.Thecountry'sdeceaseddonor

program...hasgrownsteadily....(Posthumousdonationsarenotremunerated)'」下

文，D應為答案。

9、HippensuggeststhatthekidneytransplantsysteminU.S..

A、followthelong-termhealthofdonorsclosely

B、providekidneypatientswithbetterhealthcare

C>freethekidneypatientsfromexpensivedialysis

D、reducethecostoftheexpensivedialysistreatment

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據第四段中的“…Hippenrecommend*thatany【J.S.systemclosely

trackdonorsandprovidethemwithlifelonghealthcare"，A應為答案。

10、IfIranhadbannedpaymentfororgans,itwouldhave.

A、eliminateditskidneywaitinglist

B、avoidedthecriticismfromcritics

C、sufferedsevereshortageofkidneys

D、minimizedillegalorgantrafficking

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據最后一段中的”...insodoing,Iranwouldhavealsoincurredour

currentshortageoforgans…"，C應為答案。

Weareallcompassionateinonewayoranother;attimesselective.Expressing

compassionisinherentlycharacteristicofus.Phenomenaltaskshavebeenaccomplished,

oceansandmountainshavebeentrekkedacross,andliveshavebeendrasticallyaltered

becauseofcompassion.Itisourtruestexpressionoflove.Developingitasawayoflife

takestime,patience,andtheenlightenmentofourspirit.Wearehereforourlifetimeand

ultimatelywcwilldie.Inourlifetimewcshouldstrivetobuildcharacter,developgood

moralqualities,andbeintunedwithourworldanditsneeds.Inordertobe

compassionate,wemustputourselvesin"another'sshoes"andaskourselvesthis

question,"Ifitwereme,whatwouldIneedorhowwouldIfeel?"Eachdayshouldbea

learningexperienceforus.Asweencounterdifferenttypesofindividualswefindthat

someweseemtobondtonaturallybecauseofsimilarinterest,ethnicbackgroundorother

reasons.Itiseasytolovethemlikeafamilymemberorfriend.Butwhataboutastranger,

coworkerorneighborwhoaredifferentfromus;onewithdifferentinterestsoronewho

maybejustadifficultindividualtogetalongwith?Overtime,wcmustlearntoaccept

differences.Overtimewemustlearnthatanindividual'sactionsareeffectsof

experiences.Itistheseindividualswhotestourcompassion.Loveisthekeyfactorthat

buildsthefoundationforcompassion.First,wemustknowwhatloveis.Forifwedonot

knowlove,howcouldweloveanother?Oncewedeveloplovewithinourselveswe

realizethegoodnessitcreatesandthewonderfulsatisfactionitproduces.Wealldesire

love.Expressingitfillsavoidforthereceiverandgiver.Wcmustworkatbecoming

tolerantandunderstandingtothosewhoaredifferentortowardsthosewedislikeand

realizethatweareallindividuals,eachwithaspecialuniqueness.Somemaynotbeopen

toyourexpressionoflove.Thatisokaybecauseotherswilllearnfromyouractions.We

liveonthesameearth,webreathethesameair,eatthesamefoodsproducedfromour

earth,sleepunderthesamesun,moonandstars.Weareafamilyandshouldpractice

brotherlylove.Compassionisnotcondoningtoanother'sbeliefandbehaviors.Itis

simplybeingsympatheticandunderstandingtowardsoneanother.Byloving

unconditionally,compassionfollows.Allyouhavetodoisspreadyourlove.

11、Theauthorbelievesthatcompassion.

A、givesrisetothedesiretoalterlives

B、meanstosuffertogetherwithothers

C、isagreatvirtueeveryoneisbornwith

D、isagenuinemanifestationofaffection

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據第一段中的“Itisourtmestexpressionoflove”可知，同情是愛心

的真實體現。所以，D應為答案。

12、Inordertocultivatecompassion,weshould.

A^developadeepempaihyforotherpeople

B、exercisepatienceandenlightenourspirit

C、learntogetalongwellwitheveryoneelse

D^tryeverymeanstoimprovemoralqualities

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據笫二段中的“Inordertobecompassionate,wemustpulourselves

in’another'sshoes,andaskourselvesthisquestion,'Ifitwereme,whatwouldIneed

orhowwouldIfeel?，”可知，要有同情心，必須學會站在別人的角度考慮問題。所

以，A應為答案。

13、Accordingtothetext,compassionisbestmanifestedin.

A^thefeelingofsympathyandsorrowforanother

B、wholeheartedlikingfororpleasureinsomeone

C、affectionateconcernIbrthewell-beingofothers

D、theloveforonewhomaybetiresomeorannoying

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據第二段中的“whatabout...onewhomaybejustadifficultindividual

togetalongwith?...Itistheseindividualswhotestourcompassion”可知,正是那些難

以相處的人最能檢驗我們是否真有同情心。所以，D應為答案。

14、Theauthorarguesthatlove.

A^isastrongfeelingthateveryonedesires

B、existsintheheartofeveryhumanbeing

C、givesrisetoone'scompassionfbrothers

D、producesbothgoodnessandsatisfaction

標準答案：C

知識點解析：本文主題是“compassion”。根據第三段中的“Loveisthekeyfactorthat

buildsthefoundationforcompassion”可知，愛心是產生同情心的重要基礎。所以，C

應為答案。

15、Tobecompassionate,weshould.

A、excuseorforgivewhatothersbelieveanddo

BNtrytosharethesentimentsorideasofothers

C、treateachotherwithcordialityandgenerosity

D、besincereandhonestwhentalkingwithothers

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據最后一段中的"Compassionisnotcondoningtoanother'sbeliefand

behaviors.Itissimplyheingsympatheticandunderstandingtowardsoneanother”可

知，同情意味著彼此之間的理解和支持。所以，B應為答案。

Typically,thedeathofalanguageisdiscussedinthesameveinasthedisappearanceof

moasandpassengerpigeons.Theproblemisactuallymorerampantthanspeciesattrition:

Ahundredyearsfromnow,today's6,000languageswilllikelynumberonly600.But

that'snotnecessarilyabadthing.Now,tobeclear,assomeonewhohastaughthimself

languagesasahobbysincechildhood,Ihardlyrejoicewhenalanguagedies.Languages

canputconceptstogetherinwaysmorefascinatinglydifferentfromEnglishthanmostof

usareaware.Yetsupposingthatwecouldkeep6,000languagesaliveislikesupposing

thatwccouldstop,say,iccfromgettingsoftunderthesun.Aspeoplespeakingmany

indigenouslanguagesmigratetocities,inevitablytheylearngloballydominantlanguages

likeEnglishandusethemwithoneanother.Theirchildrenmayusetheirparents,

indigenouslanguagesathome.Buttheyneverknewthelifestylethatthoselanguages

wereborntoexpress,andwillbemorecomfortableinthepubliclanguageoftheworldin

whichtheygrowup.Theywillspeakmostlythepubliconetotheirownchildren.Thisis

howlanguagesdie.Manyhopethatwecanturnbackthetidewithprogramstorevive

indigenouslanguages,buithesadfactisthatthiswillalmostneverbeseriouslyeffective.

IoncetaughtaclassofNativeAmericanstheirancestrallanguageinasummerprogram.

Thishadthepositiveeffectofhelpingthemfeelconnectedtotheirancestors,butthere

wasnopossiblewaytheyweregoingtobeabletoconverseinthelanguage.Inanycase,

languagedeathisactuallyahealthyoutcomeofdiversity.Ifpeoplespeakingdifferent

languagestrulycometogether,astheBeatlesurgedus,thentheyneedtospeaka

commonlanguage.Thentheage-oldprocessbegins:Thefirstgenerationismore

comfortableintheoldlanguage,thesecondusesitasanat-homelanguageandthethird

knowsonlysomewordsandphrases.Butculturaldiversitypersistsdespitethecommon

language.Whenpeopleusetheirdistinctlanguagedownthegenerations,It'susuallybad,

indicatingdiscriminationorsegregation—preciselywhat"diversity"fanswould

otherwiseconsiderascourge.JewsinshtetlsspokeYiddishathomeandotherlanguages

elsewherebecausetheylivedinJewishghettos,notbecausetheydelightedinbeing

bilingual.Ihopethatdyinglanguagescanberecordedanddescribed,buttheirindividual

deathsarcnotsomethingtobemourned.Indeedasingle"world"languagewouldnotbe

ini