第12講任務(wù)型閱讀之信息摘錄、補(bǔ)全句子、補(bǔ)全短文及多任務(wù)混合（講義）目錄考情透視·目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航 1知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖·思維引航 2考點(diǎn)突破·考法探究 3考點(diǎn)一任務(wù)型閱讀之信息摘錄 4考點(diǎn)二任務(wù)型閱讀之補(bǔ)全句子或短文 41.中心歸納題 52.段意概括題 53.功能理解題 54.信息壓縮及改寫題 55.信息獲取題 6考點(diǎn)三任務(wù)型閱讀之多任務(wù)混合 6題型考查頻次命題預(yù)測(cè)任務(wù)型閱讀之信息摘錄、補(bǔ)全句子、補(bǔ)全短文及多任務(wù)混合10年10考任務(wù)型閱讀之信息摘錄、補(bǔ)全句子、補(bǔ)全短文及多任務(wù)混合等題型內(nèi)容涉及廣泛,要求學(xué)生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上,完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù)或解決一個(gè)問(wèn)題。所以“任務(wù)型閱讀”是介于閱讀理解和寫作之間,其任務(wù)已不同于閱讀理解中的選擇題或書面表達(dá),而是在理解文字的基礎(chǔ)上,完成相應(yīng)的圖表或文字練習(xí)。通過(guò)對(duì)短文信息的歸納,加工處理,運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言邏輯推理和思維能力來(lái)完成任務(wù)。主要考查：1.中心歸納題2.段意概括題3.功能理解題4.信息壓縮及改寫題5.信息獲取題目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航：1.掌握補(bǔ)全句子、補(bǔ)全短文、信息摘錄和多任務(wù)混合的考查方式2.明確補(bǔ)全句子、補(bǔ)全短文、信息摘錄和多任務(wù)混合題型解題技巧?錦囊妙計(jì)1.認(rèn)真審題,讀懂題意由于題目要求形式多樣,在同一篇閱讀材料中會(huì)要求完成不同的任務(wù),因此解題前要先明確任務(wù),做到心中有數(shù)。2.快速閱讀,掌握大意在做題時(shí)要快速掃視一下文章的大意,然后結(jié)合前面的題目的要求,大致明白所要完成的任務(wù)。3.細(xì)讀題目,完成任務(wù)在明白題意和文章意思的基礎(chǔ)上,仔細(xì)閱讀后面的題目要求,在原文中找出問(wèn)題題干所包括的信息部分,這樣就可以快速準(zhǔn)確地抓住有效信息,確保答題的準(zhǔn)確性。如果是根據(jù)英文釋義寫單詞的題,則一定要確保所填的單詞來(lái)源于原文,切不可脫離原文,隨意發(fā)揮。4.復(fù)讀文章,核實(shí)任務(wù)在初步完成所要求的任務(wù)以后,學(xué)生必須再仔細(xì)閱讀所提供的短文,結(jié)合題意、文章和文后提供的任務(wù)信息、認(rèn)真核實(shí)任務(wù)以保證答題正確。5.注意讀寫結(jié)合任務(wù)型閱讀不僅考查學(xué)生閱讀理解層面的能力,更加注重考查學(xué)生“寫”的能力。若是寫單詞,則要注意拼寫正確,詞形、詞性有無(wú)變化,是否需要大寫;若所要完成的是短語(yǔ)或句子成分,則需謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待,依據(jù)所給題干分析要完成的是什么句子成分,需用什么樣的表達(dá)方式,不可簡(jiǎn)單草率地將文中信息直接挪用。任務(wù)型閱讀主要考查學(xué)生實(shí)際運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。它要求學(xué)生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上完成某些任務(wù)，考查學(xué)生的判斷推理能力。題型特點(diǎn)1.命題靈活，題型多樣。一般閱讀理解題型多采用選擇題，題型單一。任務(wù)型閱讀題則可以通過(guò)一篇短文或一幅圖表要求學(xué)生完成多項(xiàng)任務(wù)，命題人可以隨心所欲地設(shè)計(jì)出多種題型，考查學(xué)生多方面的能力。2.貼近生活，凸顯交際。任務(wù)型閱讀重在考查用英語(yǔ)解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力，學(xué)生需在任務(wù)的引導(dǎo)下開展閱讀，其問(wèn)題設(shè)置不僅具有真實(shí)性、情境性，而且也體現(xiàn)出一定的開放性。這樣的設(shè)問(wèn)形式貼近學(xué)生使用語(yǔ)言的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活情景，學(xué)生完成任務(wù)的過(guò)程既是分析問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題的過(guò)程，也是運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行交際的過(guò)程。3.讀寫結(jié)合，重視輸出。任務(wù)型閱讀改變了過(guò)去閱讀理解單向的信息輸入，側(cè)重主動(dòng)的信息輸出，要求學(xué)生整合短文中的相關(guān)信息，然后根據(jù)題目要求回答問(wèn)題或完成圖表，綜合性很強(qiáng)。4.語(yǔ)言精練，高度概括。任務(wù)型閱讀題目要求學(xué)生填表或給文章擬標(biāo)題時(shí)一般都有一定的字?jǐn)?shù)限制，要求學(xué)生在正確把握原文的基礎(chǔ)上，充分運(yùn)用自己所學(xué)語(yǔ)言，重新整合信息，運(yùn)用規(guī)范、概括的文字準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地表達(dá)出來(lái)。考點(diǎn)一任務(wù)型閱讀之信息摘錄信息摘錄的形式常為表格、圖片或短文等，要求考生不僅能讀懂文字信息，而且能夠按照一定的要求記錄和篩選信息并填入信息卡中。判斷出考查類型：細(xì)節(jié)理解、概括大意、歸納總結(jié)。同時(shí)根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷所缺核心詞的詞性。A.第一題可能是標(biāo)題，那么分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)是總分結(jié)構(gòu)、分總結(jié)構(gòu)還是總分總結(jié)構(gòu)。如果是總分或者總分總結(jié)構(gòu)，答案就隱藏在“總”的段落中，如果是分總結(jié)構(gòu)，那么這道題就屬于歸納總結(jié)題型。分總結(jié)構(gòu)考查得比較少，一般是總分結(jié)構(gòu)或者是總分總結(jié)構(gòu)，標(biāo)題答案的出處一般在于第一段或者一二段這類“總起”段落中。B.論點(diǎn)設(shè)空通常是歸納題的考法，需要結(jié)合上下論點(diǎn)判斷出所填詞的詞性；細(xì)節(jié)題的考法，需要在原文中定位答案的出處。C.如果是最后的總結(jié)處設(shè)空，那么則是總結(jié)題型的考法，通常在最后的總結(jié)部分來(lái)定位或者總結(jié)答案。解題方法指導(dǎo)A.快速定位。考查細(xì)節(jié)題，通過(guò)表格中的關(guān)鍵詞快速定位答案出處，并通過(guò)原文和表格的對(duì)比，勾劃出不同之處或表格所缺之處；B.巧妙轉(zhuǎn)換。對(duì)于那些不能直接用原文的單詞來(lái)填的小題，根據(jù)句意，可以對(duì)原文的詞性和詞形進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。巧用同詞義（意思相同，固定搭配不同）、反義詞等轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)方式，提升正確率。C.歸納技巧。當(dāng)表格在左側(cè)的論點(diǎn)型的地方設(shè)空時(shí)，常用的概括詞有：原因（reason/cause）、方法（way/means）、優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)（advantage/disadvantage）、觀點(diǎn)（opinion/view）、建議（advice/suggestion/tip）、目的（aim/purpose）、問(wèn)題（problem）、影響（effect/influence）、結(jié)果（result）、背景信息（backgroundinformation）等。掌握這些概括性詞語(yǔ)，可以幫助學(xué)生快速準(zhǔn)確地完成答題任務(wù)。另外，考慮詞性的考點(diǎn)。如果填名詞，則一定要考慮單復(fù)數(shù)，如果填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，則要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。最后，需要注重書寫習(xí)慣，多注意大小寫的運(yùn)用。典例引領(lǐng)典例引領(lǐng)Passage1（2024·四川綿陽(yáng)·一模）閱讀下面短文，然后在文后思維導(dǎo)圖內(nèi)完成內(nèi)容摘要，每空不超過(guò)三個(gè)詞，并將答案寫在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置。WhenIwasinIndiain2012,Istayedwithalocalfamily.Duringthattime,Ikepthearingsomeloud,regularchant(吟唱).Iaskedaboutitonthefirstdayandwastoldthatitwasacalltoprayer(禱告).Yes,thatwaswhatIhadthought.ButIdidn’trealizethechantwasactuallythedoorbelluntilthefourthday!IfIhadbeentravelingfaster,ifIhadleftonthethirdday,Iwouldhaveheldacompletelydifferentunderstandingofthechantinmymind.Goingtothemovieswhentravelingisnotsomethingthatistypicallyonatravelplan,unlessoneistravelingslow.Duringathree-weekstayinHaly,IwenttoCinetecadiBologna,whichshowedinternationalfilms.ThereImetLindaandRosie,bothAmericans.Linda’shusbandGabe,alocal,wasalsothere.Wewatchedthemovietogether.Afterthefilm,theyinvitedmetodinneratalocalrestaurant,Gabe’sfavorite.Attherestaurant,nomenu.wasoffered.Instead,aftersomeconversationswithawaiter,ourmealsweredecided.Theirkindnessgavemeachancetogowheretouristsnevergoandtoexperienceoneofthelocals’favoriterestaurants.Ifyoualsowanttotryslowtravel,thefollowingmaybehelpfulforyoutohaveabetterunderstandingoftheplacewhereyouwillvisit.●Travelintheoff-season.Visityourdestinationwithoutalotoftouristsintheway.Sometouristsightsarenotopen,butyoumayfindmoreofthelocalculture.●Staywherethelocalslive,whichhelpsyouenterthelocallifequickly.●Shopatmarketsandstoreswhereyoucanfindlocalproducts.1．2．3．4．5．【答案】1．a(chǎn)localfamily2．Havingdinner3．tips4．marketsandstores5．culture【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文通過(guò)講了作者在印度和意大利的慢旅行，告訴我們慢旅行能融入當(dāng)?shù)氐纳睿玫母兄幕町愂鼓愕慕?jīng)歷更深入，最后分享了一些慢旅行的建議。1．根據(jù)“WhenIwasinIndiain2012,Istayedwithalocalfamily.”可知，作者跟一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)氐募彝プ≡谝黄稹９侍頰localfamily。2．根據(jù)“Afterthefilm,theyinvitedmetodinneratalocalrestaurant”可知，看完電影之后作者和他們?nèi)コ酝盹垼挥脛?dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。故填Havingdinner。3．根據(jù)“Ifyoualsowanttotryslowtravel,thefollowingmaybehelpfulforyoutohaveabetterunderstandingoftheplacewhereyouwillvisit.”可知，下面介紹的是慢旅行的一些建議；因?yàn)橛腥龡l建議，因此用復(fù)數(shù)。故填tips。4．根據(jù)“Shopatmarketsandstoreswhereyoucanfindlocalproducts.”可知，在可以找到當(dāng)?shù)禺a(chǎn)品的超市和商店購(gòu)物。故填marketsandstores。5．根據(jù)“Sometouristsightsarenotopen,butyoumayfindmoreofthelocalculture.”可知，你可以發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的當(dāng)?shù)匚幕９侍頲ulture。Passage2（2024·江蘇泰州·三模）Climberscanbeaverytough(艱難的)crowdandamongthemistheBritishJoeSimpson.In1985,SimpsonsetouttoclimbSiulaGrandeinSouthAmerica.Shortlyafterhegottothepeak,Simpsonfelloverinthesnowandbrokehisleg.Inthissituation,abrokenlegmeansalmostcertaindeath,butSimpsontriedandsuccessfullypulledhimselfacrossfieldsoficeandstoneuntilhereachedthebasecampeightkilometresaway.Howdidhemakeit?OverandoveragainSimpsonbrokethemaintaskdownintosmallergoals.Breakyourmaintaskintosmallergoals.Thisisoftenthekeytoasuccessfulplantoachievechallenginggoalsthatseemtobeimpossible.Languagelearning,similartomountainclimbing,isatoughtasktomostlanguagelearners.However,learningfromtheabovestory,wecanuseSimpson’smethodtostudylanguages.Mytipsfordesigningastudyplanareasfollows:UnderstandwhatkindoflearneryouareSomepeopleare“visual(視覺)learners”andrememberbestbyseeingpicturesandimaginingthingsintheirmind;othersare“auditory(聽覺)”andarehappytolearnbylistening;“kinesthetic(動(dòng)覺)”learnerstendtolearnbydoingthingsandexperience.Realizeyourowncompetence(競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力)Youshouldrealizewhatyourstrengthsandweaknessesare.Also,youshouldknowwhichskillyouaregoingtoimprovemost?Spendyourtimeoneachskillproperly.Thendoalittleeverydayratherthantryto“cram”lotsinashorttime.WritedownyourplanonacalendarDecidewhichskillandwhatareayouaregoingtopractiseeachday.Moreimportantly,yourplanshouldbepractical.Onceyouhaveacleargoalinyourmind,writeitdownonyourcalendar.Eachdayyoushouldcarryoutyourplanaccordingtoyourtimetable.Donotdelayormakeupanyexcusesbecauseofyourfailuretocompleteyourdailytask.Studyingislikeclimbingamountainandyoushouldtakeonestepatatime.Whenyousetouttoclimbitstepbystepyouwillfindthatitisnotsodifficultasyouthink.Similarly,itisalsotrueinlanguagelearning.Youcanimproveyourlanguageskillsstepbystep.Breakyourmaintaskintosmallergoals,andyouwillrealizeyourdream.6．7．8．9．10．11．12．13．14．15．【答案】6．Break7．reached8．managed9．Tips/Suggestions/Advice10．imagining11．a(chǎn)ware12．better13．Make/Design14．fail15．similar【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了學(xué)習(xí)就像爬山，要將主要任務(wù)分成一些小目標(biāo)，并介紹了如何制定學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。6．根據(jù)“Breakyourmaintaskintosmallergoals”可知要將主要任務(wù)分成一些小目標(biāo)，o...“把……分解成……”，此處是祈使句，以動(dòng)詞原形開頭，首字母大寫。故填Break。7．根據(jù)“Shortlyafterhegottothepeak,Simpsonfelloverinthesnowandbrokehisleg”可知到達(dá)頂峰后不久，辛普森摔倒在雪地里，摔斷了腿，reach“到達(dá)”，句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。故填reached。8．根據(jù)“Simpsontriedandsuccessfullypulledhimselfacrossfieldsoficeandstoneuntilhereachedthebasecampeightkilometresaway.”可知但辛普森嘗試并成功地穿過(guò)冰原和石頭地，直到他到達(dá)八公里外的大本營(yíng)，manage“設(shè)法做成”，句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。故填managed。9．根據(jù)“Mytipsfordesigningastudyplanareasfollows:”可知此處介紹了設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃的建議，此處可用名詞復(fù)數(shù)tips/suggestions，也可用不可數(shù)名詞advice，首字母大寫。故填Tips/Suggestions/Advice。10．根據(jù)“Somepeopleare‘visual(視覺)learners’andrememberbestbyseeingpicturesandimaginingthingsintheirmind”可知有些人是“視覺學(xué)習(xí)者”，通過(guò)看圖片和想象腦海中的事物來(lái)記憶最好。故填imagining。11．根據(jù)“Youshouldrealizewhatyourstrengthsandweaknessesare”可知你應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到你的長(zhǎng)處和短處是什么，beawareof“意識(shí)到”。故填aware。12．根據(jù)“Thendoalittleeverydayratherthantryto‘cram’lotsinashorttime.”可知每天做一點(diǎn)，而不是試圖在短時(shí)間內(nèi)“塞滿”很多，所以每天做一點(diǎn)是更好的，用比較級(jí)better。故填better。13．根據(jù)“Moreimportantly,yourplanshouldbepractical.Onceyouhaveacleargoalinyourmind,writeitdownonyourcalendar.”可知要制定/設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)實(shí)際的計(jì)劃，make“制定”，design“設(shè)計(jì)”，句子是祈使句，以動(dòng)詞原形開頭，首字母大寫。故填Make/Design。14．根據(jù)“Donotdelayormakeupanyexcusesbecauseofyourfailuretocompleteyourdailytask.”可知不要因?yàn)闆]有完成日常任務(wù)而拖延或編造任何借口，failtodosth.“未能做某事”，句子用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是you，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。故填fail。15．根據(jù)“Languagelearning,similartomountainclimbing,”以及“Studyingislikeclimbingamountainandyoushouldtakeonestepatatime”可知學(xué)習(xí)就像爬山，你應(yīng)該一步一個(gè)腳印，besimilarto“和……相似”。故填similar。Passage3（2024·四川成都·一模）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容，完成圖表中所缺的信息。Haveyoueverheardofover-processedfoods?Theyareactuallyfoodsmadeinfactorieswithlonglistsofadditives(添加劑)andyoucanhardlyrecreatetheminyourownkitchen.Thingsthatyoulike,includingchips,cookiesandice-creamaretypicalexamplesofsuchfoods.AccordingtoarecentstudyintheBritishMedicalJournal,over-processedfoodsarelovedallovertheworldandmanypeopleareevenaddicted(成癮的)tothem.Thestudyfoundthatinsomecases,ifpeoplestopeatingover-processedfood,theyeasilyfeelsad.Buthowdoesthathappen?Usually,naturalfoodsareeitherhighincarbohydratesorfat.Over-processedfoods,however,arehighinboth.So,theyhavemuchmorecaloriesthannaturalfoods.Also,ourbodybreaksdownnaturalfoodsslowlywhileover-processedfoodsworkintheoppositeway.Chemicalsfromover-processedfoodsbreakdownassoonastheyreachthestomach.Ourbraincatchessuchamessagealmostatthesametime.Asaresult,wewillfeelhappierandwanttoeatmore.Researchhasshownthatabout14%ofadultsand12%ofchildrenareaddictedtoover-processedfoods.What’sworse,peoplewholoveeatingover-processedfoodseasilybecomeover-weight,havehighbloodpressureordevelopheartillnesses.Scientistscallformoreattentiontoover-processedfoods.Governmentsworldwidearetakingaction.Asmanyas103countrieshavealreadyputtaxes(稅收)onsomemajorkindsofover-processedfoods,whichmeanspeopleneedtopaymoretobuythem.Therearealsolawstoorderproducerstoaddnutritionlabels(營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽)totheseover-processedfoodssothatbuyerscanmakewiserchoiceswhendecidingwhetherornottobuythem.Insomedevelopedcountries,certainadditivesarenotallowedtocomeintotheseover-processedfoodsanymore.16．17．18．19．20．【答案】16．popularity17．faster/morequickly18．Influence/Harm19．prices/cost20．Stop【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了過(guò)度加工食品，它們給世界各地的人們的健康帶來(lái)了問(wèn)題，科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在呼吁更多地關(guān)注過(guò)度加工食品。16．根據(jù)“AccordingtoarecentstudyintheBritishMedicalJournal,over-processedfoodsarelovedallovertheworldandmanypeopleareevenaddicted(成癮的)tothem.”可知，過(guò)度加工的食品在世界人民中很受歡迎，popularity“受歡迎”，不可數(shù)名詞，故填popularity。17．根據(jù)“Chemicalsfromover-processedfoodsbreakdownassoonastheyreachthestomach.Ourbraincatchessuchamessagealmostatthesametime.Asaresult,wewillfeelhappierandwanttoeatmore.”可知，過(guò)度加工食品比天然食物在我們體內(nèi)分解得更快，讓我們吃得更多，應(yīng)用副詞比較級(jí)faster/morequickly“更快地”，修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)breakdown，故填faster/morequickly。18．根據(jù)“Theylendtohealthproblems.”可知，這是過(guò)度加工食品的影響/危害，influence“影響”/harm“危害”，不可數(shù)名詞，首字母應(yīng)大寫，故填I(lǐng)nfluence/Harm。19．根據(jù)“Asmanyas103countrieshavealreadyputtaxes(稅收)onsomemajorkindsofover-processedfoods,whichmeanspeopleneedtopaymoretobuythem.”可知，很多國(guó)家通過(guò)對(duì)它們征稅來(lái)提高價(jià)格，price/cost“價(jià)格”，price應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填prices/cost。20．根據(jù)“Insomedevelopedcountries,certainadditivesarenotallowedtocomeintotheseover-processedfoodsanymore.”可知，要停止使用一些添加劑，stop“停止”，祈使句用動(dòng)詞原形開頭，且句首首字母大寫，故填Stop。Passage4（2024·四川成都·二模）完成圖表根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成圖表格中所缺信息。Sayhelloto“TongMei’er”,it’stheamazingmascotfortheChengduInternationalHorticulturalExpo2024,alsoknownastheChengduWorldGardenExpo.It’sinspiredbythedovetree,aunique(獨(dú)一無(wú)二的)plantonlyinChina,andtheancientBronzeBirdfromtheSanxingduiculture.TongMei’erisasymbolofpeace,inclusiveness,andtherichculturalheritage(遺產(chǎn))oftheSichuan.Thedesign(設(shè)計(jì))ofTongMei’ercomesfromthefollowingthree:DoveTree:Themascot’scrowncomesfromthedovetree,anancient,endangeredandnational-levelprotectedplant.ItshowsnotonlyChengdu’secological(生態(tài)的)beautybutalsodifferentkindsofanimalsandplants.BronzeBird:Thebeak,tail,andwingpatternsofTongMei’ercreativelydrawfromtheBronzeBird,anartifactofSanxingdui.ItreflectsthelonghistoryanddeepcultureofSichuanandthebeautyoftheancientShuculture.PeaceDove:Thedesignalsoincludestheimageofapeacedove.Thatmeansthevalueslikepeace,friendship,equality,andfreedom,aswellasthewishesoffriendlyinternationalrelations.Thename“TongMei’er”issimilartoalocallovelytermforalittlegirlinChengdu.It’sgoodforincreasingatouchoffriendlinessandeaseforremembranceandspread.ForTongMei’er,thepointedbeak,upliftedtail,andwingdecorationsareinspiredbytheSunBirdfoundontheBronzeTree.ThedovetreeflowerontopisthesymbolofancientShucivilizationandtheresolutionforecologicalandculturaldevelopment.ThedesignofTongMei’ernotonlyreflectsChengdu’snaturalecologyandculturalessence(精髓)butalsoshowsthecity’ssceneasa“ParkCity”.ItexpressesthehopesandblessingsforthesuccessfulhostingoftheWorldGardenExpo.Astheofficialmascot,TongMei’erwillplayanimportantroleinfutureactivities,it’llserveasafriendlyenvoythatconnectChengduwiththeworld.21．22．23．24．25．【答案】21．Inspiration22．morefriendlyandeasier23．a(chǎn)ppearance24．Meaning/Significance25．Wishes,successfully【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了2024年成都國(guó)際園藝博覽會(huì)的神奇吉祥物。21．根據(jù)“It’sinspiredbythedovetree,aunique(獨(dú)一無(wú)二的)plantonlyinChina,”可知它的靈感來(lái)自鴿子樹，designinspiration“設(shè)計(jì)靈感”，此處首字母大寫。故填I(lǐng)nspiration。22．根據(jù)“It’sgoodforincreasingatouchoffriendlinessandeaseforremembranceandspread.”可知它有助于增加一絲友好，便于記憶和傳播，即更友好、更容易地記憶和傳播，此處用形容詞的比較級(jí)morefriendlyandeasier。故填morefriendlyandeasier。23．根據(jù)“thepointedbeak,upliftedtail,andwingdecorationsareinspiredbytheSunBird”可知尖嘴、翹尾和翅膀裝飾的靈感來(lái)源于青銅樹上的太陽(yáng)鳥，即它是根據(jù)太陽(yáng)鳥的外表設(shè)計(jì)的，appearance“外表”。故填appearance。24．根據(jù)“ThedesignofTongMei’ernotonlyreflectsChengdu’snaturalecologyandculturalessence(精髓)butalsoshowsthecity'ssceneasa‘ParkCity’.”可知這是它的文化意義，meaning/significance“意義”，此處首字母大寫。故填Meaning/Significance。25．根據(jù)“ItexpressesthehopesandblessingsforthesuccessfulhostingoftheWorldGardenExpo.”可知它表達(dá)了對(duì)世博會(huì)成功舉辦的希望和祝福，即wishes“希望”，首字母大寫；此處修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞successfully“成功地”。故填Wishes；successfully。Passage5（2024·山東菏澤·二模）閱讀下面短文，用英語(yǔ)完成思維導(dǎo)圖。HaveyoueverheardoftheSilkRoad?Doyouknowwhatanimportantroleitplaysinthewholeworld?Didyouvisitanyfamousplacesalongtheroad?Althoughit’scalledtheSilkRoad,peopleboughtandsoldmuchmorethansilk.TheSilkRoadwentthroughAsia,theMiddleEast,NorthAfricaandEurope.Itwas6,500kmfromXi’antoRome.MydadisveryinterestedintheSilkRoadandhehastoldmemanythingsaboutit.Lastsummer,myfamilygotawayforaholidayandwenttosomeplacesontheroad.WestartedatLanzhouandwentontoWuwei.WuweiwasaveryimportantcityontheSilkRoad.Itconnected(連接)threemaincitiesinthearea.Inancienttimes,itwasalsoacapital.Althoughit’snowamoderncity,youcangetafeelingofhistorywhenyouvisitit.Wesawlotsofveryoldstonemonumentsandpeoplethereworeveryproudoftheircity’slonghistory.ThenextstopwasJiayuguan.It’sontheedge(邊緣)ofthedesert,andwasalsoanimportantplaceontheSilkRond.Itwasabusycitywithalotofpeoplecomingandgoing.Eventoday,it’sacitythatmanybusinesspeopletravelthrough.AnimportantpartoftheGreatWallwasalsobuilthere.Afterthat,wewentontoYumenguan.IfirstfoundoutaboutYumenguaninthefamouspoemwrittenbyWangZhihuan.ItwasintheGobiDesertandwastheonlyconnectionbetweenCentralAsiaandChina.Iwonderhowpeopleevermadeitthroughthehotdesertsolongago.Thistripwasn’tjustascenic(觀光的)journey.Ithelpedmeunderstandthehistoryoftheareaandseehowpeoplefromdifferentplacesinfluenced(影響)eachotherinmanyways.26．27．28．29．30．【答案】26．trip/journey27．cities28．desert29．theGreatWall30．connection【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了作者一家去了絲綢之路上的一些地方旅行。26．本文主要介紹了作者一家去了絲綢之路上的一些地方旅行，trip/journey“旅行”。故填trip/journey。27．根據(jù)“Itconnected(連接)threemaincities”可知它連接三個(gè)主要城市。故填cities。28．根據(jù)“It’sontheedge(邊緣)ofthedesert”可知嘉峪關(guān)在沙漠的邊緣。故填desert。29．根據(jù)“AnimportantpartoftheGreatWallwasalsobuilthere.”可知長(zhǎng)城的一個(gè)重要部分也建在這里。故填theGreatWall。30．根據(jù)“ItwasintheGobiDesertandwastheonlyconnectionbetweenCentralAsiaandChina”可知玉門關(guān)是中亞和中國(guó)之間唯一的聯(lián)系。故填connection。考點(diǎn)二任務(wù)型閱讀之補(bǔ)全句子或短文綜觀近年來(lái)這幾類的任務(wù)型閱讀題，我們可以歸納出以下五類考點(diǎn)：1.中心歸納題中心歸納題屬于綜合概括題，主要位于表格的標(biāo)題處。這類題要求考生在弄懂全文的內(nèi)容后，抓住文章的中心，然后對(duì)中心進(jìn)行高度濃縮、概括，從而成為統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文的標(biāo)題。由于詞數(shù)被限制在幾個(gè)單詞以內(nèi)，因此這類題難度較大。考生必須具備對(duì)文章進(jìn)行綜合分析、歸納概括以及準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)的能力。這類試題在考題中通常只占1題。2.段意概括題段意概括題屬于分析表達(dá)題，主要位于表格的左邊欄。這類題主要考查考生對(duì)文章體裁、結(jié)構(gòu)的認(rèn)識(shí)及用語(yǔ)言文字的表達(dá)能力。如果文章是說(shuō)明文，那么它的主題是什么？它的目的是什么？作者用什么方式、從哪幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行介紹、說(shuō)明的？作者通過(guò)介紹、說(shuō)明得出了什么樣的結(jié)論？作者提出了什么樣的建議或希望？如果文章是議論文，那么文章的論點(diǎn)是什么？作者用什么方法、從哪些方面進(jìn)行論證的？最后得出了什么樣的結(jié)論？對(duì)于考生來(lái)說(shuō)，這類試題有一定的難度，考生必須平時(shí)注意對(duì)文章進(jìn)行分析，同時(shí)還應(yīng)多熟記一些概括性的詞匯，如：purpose/aim/goal;topic/theme;suggestion/advice;type/kind;way/means/method;effect/result;cause/reason;feature/characteristic;function/use;comment/assessment等。這類試題在考題中一般占2―3題。3.功能理解題功能理解題屬于理解表達(dá)題。這類題主要考查考生對(duì)句子、信息在文章中所起作用的理解。考生不能只停留在對(duì)句子字面意思的理解，而應(yīng)該透過(guò)現(xiàn)象抓住句子、信息的本質(zhì)，即它與前后信息的聯(lián)系，它們之間究竟是什么樣的關(guān)系，如因果、條件、讓步、比較等。這類試題在考題中通常占2―3題。4.信息壓縮及改寫題信息壓縮及改寫題屬于活用題。考生只要通讀全文，就能在文章中找到與試題相關(guān)的信息，但是由于所給的信息往往過(guò)長(zhǎng)，考生必須對(duì)這些信息進(jìn)行再次加工，將信息壓縮、改寫成不超過(guò)三個(gè)單詞的短語(yǔ)。如Theboyiseightyearsold這一信息可考慮改寫為aneight-year-oldboy。這類試題在考題中占2—3題。5.信息獲取題信息獲取題屬于基礎(chǔ)題。考生一邊閱讀文章就能一邊從文章中直接找出試題的相關(guān)信息，并且不需要任何加工就可將它直接作為試題的答案。這類試題在考題中占2―3題。典例引領(lǐng)典例引領(lǐng)Passage1（2024·陜西咸陽(yáng)·一模）閱讀下面的語(yǔ)篇材料，根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容，完成下列各題。Dragonsarebothmythicalandmystical(神話且神秘的)inChineseculture.Theyarethesymbolofstrength,wisdomandgoodluck.Inancienttimes,thedragonwasconsideredasagod,beingabletocontroltheweatherandbringrain.Peoplerespecteddragons,prayingforgoodweatherandgreatharvests.Dragonsappearedonsomeobjects,servingaspowerfulsymbolsthatexpressedpeople’shopes.FEATURES(特征)ANDMEANINGOFTHEDRAGONIna12th-centurypieceofwriting,adragonisdescribedashavingoutstandingfeaturesofotheranimals.Theyare:*Theantlersofadeer*Thetalonsofaneagle*Thepawsofatiger*Theneckofasnake*Thebellyofasea-monster*Theforeheadofacamel*Thescalesofafish*TheearsofanoxItwassaidthattheJadeEmperorheldaracetodecidewhichanimalsshouldbeinthezodiac(十二生肖).Thedragon,whowasthemostpossibleonetowinthefirstplace,helpedavillagestopthedrought(旱災(zāi))duringtherace.So,itlostthetopprizewithhonor.YEAR2024TODRAGONPEOPLEAccordingtothetraditionalChinesecustoms,peoplegenerallyrunintomorebadluckthangoodoneintheirzodiacyearofbirth(BenMingNian).Wearingredmayhelptoavoidthebadluck.1．Theunderlinedword“They”inParagraph1refersto“”.2．Adragonhas(howmany)outstandingfeaturesofotheranimals.3．Thedragonfailedtheracebecause.4．PeoplecanavoidthebadluckintheirBenMingNianby(how).5．Thetitleforthistextcanbe“”(innomorethan8wordsusing“information,Chinesedragon”).【答案】1．Dragons2．eight3．ithelpedavillagestopthedroughtduringtherace4．wearingred5．InformationaboutChinesedragon【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了中國(guó)古代神話中的動(dòng)物——龍。1．根據(jù)“Dragonsarebothmythicalandmystical(神話且神秘的)inChineseculture.Theyarethesymbolofstrength,wisdomandgoodluck.”可知，龍是力量、智慧和好運(yùn)的象征，所以劃線部分指代的是“dragons”，句首首字母大寫。故填Dragons。2．根據(jù)“*Theantlersofadeer

*Thetalonsofaneagle*Thepawsofatiger*Theneckofasnake

*Thebellyofasea-monster

*Theforeheadofacamel

*Thescalesofafish

*Theearsofanox”可知，龍的形象有八個(gè)動(dòng)物的突出特征。故填eight。3．根據(jù)“Thedragon,whowasthemostpossibleonetowinthefirstplace,helpedavillagestopthedrought(旱災(zāi))duringtherace.So,itlostthetopprizewithhonor.”可知，龍?jiān)诒荣愔惺×耍且驗(yàn)樗诒荣愔袔椭粋€(gè)村莊阻止了干旱。故填ithelpedavillagestopthedroughtduringtherace。4．根據(jù)“Wearingredmayhelptoavoidthebadluck.”可知，人們穿紅色衣服可以避免本命年的厄運(yùn)。故填wearingred。5．通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹中國(guó)古代神話中的動(dòng)物——龍，所以最佳標(biāo)題可以是“InformationaboutChinesedragon”。故填I(lǐng)nformationaboutChinesedragon。Passage2（2024·陜西榆林·一模）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成下列各題。GoodTipsforTeaDrinkingTeadrinkinghasbeenpartofChineseculturesincebeforethethirdcentury.DrinkingChinesegreenteaisreallygoodforourhealth.Itcannotonlyrefresh(使恢復(fù)精力)themindbutalsohelppeopleloseweight.Herearesometipsthatcanhelpyougetadvantagesfromdrinkinggreentea.Drinkhotteawithoutsugarormilk.Ifyou’dreallyliketotastetheteaitself,don’taddsugar,milk,orlemon.Thisisespeciallyimportantifyou’redrinkinggreenteabecausetheywillinfluencethetea’staste.Donotdrinktoomuchstrongtea.Itislikelytomakeyousleeplessifyoumaketheteatoostrong.Drinkgreenteabetweenmeals.Donotdrinkteasoonafterorbeforemeals.Otherwiseitmaybebadforyourappetitewhenyourstomachisempty,orcauseindigestion(消化不良)whenyourstomachisfull.Donotdrinkgreenteawithmedicine.Teacontainslargeamountofthingswhichwillreact(起反應(yīng))withthemedicine.Itmayreducemedicaleffects.Youcandrinkteaacoupleofhoursafteryoutakemedicine.6．Whataretheadvantagesofgreentea?Greenteacannotonlybutalso.7．Howdoyoufeelifdrinkingtoomuchstrongtea?Drinkingtoomuchstrongteamaymakeyou.8．WhichEnglishwordinthetextmeans“食欲；胃口”?It’s“”.9．Whydon’tyoudrinkgreenteaifyoutakemedicine?Becauseitmay.10．Howmanytipsforteadrinkingarethereinthetext?Therearetipsforteadrinking.【答案】6．refreshthemindhelppeopleloseweight7．sleepless8．a(chǎn)ppetite9．reducemedicaleffects10．4/four【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要對(duì)如何健康喝茶提出了4條建議。6．根據(jù)“Itcannotonlyrefreshthemindbutalsohelppeopleloseweight.”可知，喝茶不僅可以提神，還可以幫助人們減肥。故填refreshthemind；helppeopleloseweight。7．根據(jù)“Itislikelytomakeyousleeplessifyoumaketheteatoostrong.”可知，喝濃茶會(huì)讓人失眠。故填sleepless。8．根據(jù)“Donotdrinkteasoonafterorbeforemeals.Otherwiseitmaybebadforyourappetitewhenyourstomachisempty,”可知，飯后或飯前不要喝茶。否則，當(dāng)你的胃是空的時(shí)候，它可能會(huì)影響你的食欲，所以“appetite”意為“食欲；胃口”。故填appetite。9．根據(jù)“Teacontainslargeamountofthingswhichwillreactwiththemedicine.Itmayreducemedicaleffects.”可知，茶中含有大量會(huì)與藥物發(fā)生反應(yīng)的物質(zhì)。它可能會(huì)降低藥效。故填reducemedicaleffects。10．根據(jù)“Drinkhotteawithoutsugarormilk.”、“Drinkhotteawithoutsugarormilk.”、“Drinkgreenteabetweenmeals.”和“Donotdrinkgreenteawithmedicine.”可知，作者一共提出了4條喝茶的建議。故填4/four。Passage3（2024·黑龍江大慶·一模）Playgroundsofferkidsfreshairandexercise.However,eachyear,morethan200,000kidsgotohospitalbecausetheyarehurtinonewayoranotherwhenplayingontheplayground.Sowhatcanwedotoimprovethesituation?Weshouldmakesuretheplaygroundissafeforthechildren.Itshouldbesoftandthickenough,sowhenthechildrenfall,theywon’thurttoomuch.Thingslikewater,rocksorbrokenglassmightcausedangertothekids.Cleanersshouldchecktheplaygroundfromtimetotimeandclearawaythesedangerousthings.Infact,childrenalsoneedtohelpkeeptheplaygroundcleanandsafe.Thatmeanseachtimeafterplayingtheyshouldpickuptherubbishthey’veproduced.Ifsomeonefindsthereissomethingwrongwiththeequipment(設(shè)施),heshouldreporttothekeeperoftheplayground,sopeoplewillcometofixit.Teachingkidshowtoplaysafelyisalsoveryimportant.Iftheyknowtherulesoftheplayground,theywon’tgethurteasily.Forexample,theyshouldneverpushwhenothersareonseesawsorswings.Ifsomeoneisgoingtojumpoffsomeequipment,heshouldfirstlookdowntomakesurenootherkidsareintheway.Ofcourse,maybeitisalsohelpfultowearrightclothes.Clotheswithstrings(繩)cangetcaughtonequipmentwhichmayhurtthekidbadly.Inshort,ourkidscanbothenjoythemselvesandbesafeifweareworkingtogethertoimprovethesituation.Usewordswithpropermeaningsandgrammaticalrulestofillintheblanks.Onlyonewordforoneblank.11．Playgroundsfreshairandexerciseforkids.However,overthousandkidsarehurteveryyearwhileplayingontheplaygrounds.12．Iftheplaygroundisandenough,thechildrenwon’thurttoomuchwhentheyfall.13．Childrenshouldtherubbishthey’veproducedafterplaying.14．Teachersshouldteachchildrentoplayinawayontheplaygrounds.Wearingrightmayalsobeofsomehelptokeepsafe.15．Ifweworktogethertothesituation,kidscannotonlythemselvesbutalsobesafe.【答案】11．provide200softthickpickupsafeclothesimproveenjoy【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文介紹了如何改善孩子們的操場(chǎng)環(huán)境。11．根據(jù)“Playgroundsofferkidsfreshairandexercise.However,eachyear,morethan200,000kidsgotohospitalbecausetheyarehurtinonewayoranotherwhenplayingontheplayground.”可知，游樂(lè)場(chǎng)為孩子們提供新鮮空氣和鍛煉。然而，每年有超過(guò)20萬(wàn)的孩子去醫(yī)院，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)诓賵?chǎng)上玩耍時(shí)受到這樣或那樣的傷害。第一空主語(yǔ)是Playgrounds是復(fù)數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，provide“提供”用原形。故填provide；200。12．根據(jù)“Itshouldbesoftandthickenough,sowhenthechildrenfall,theywon’thurttoomuch.”可知，它應(yīng)該足夠柔軟和厚實(shí)，這樣當(dāng)孩子跌倒時(shí)，他們就不會(huì)傷得太重。故填soft；thick。13．根據(jù)“Thatmeanseachtimeafterplayingtheyshouldpickuptherubbishthey’veproduced.”可知，這意味著每次比賽結(jié)束后，他們都應(yīng)該撿起他們產(chǎn)生的垃圾。pickup“撿起”，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should后接動(dòng)詞原形。故填pick；up。14．根據(jù)“Teachingkidshowtoplaysafelyisalsoveryimportant.”可知，教孩子們?nèi)绾伟踩嫠Ｒ埠苤匾谝豢諡閟afe“安全的”，形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞way；根據(jù)“Ofcourse,maybeitisalsohelpfultowearrightclothes.”可知，也許穿合適的衣服也有幫助，第二空是clothes“衣服”。故填safe；clothes。15．根據(jù)“Inshort,ourkidscanbothenjoythemselvesandbesafeifweareworkingtogethertoimprovethesituation.”可知，簡(jiǎn)而言之，如果我們共同努力改善這種情況，我們的孩子既可以玩得開心，又可以安全。第一空填improve“改善”，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中用動(dòng)詞原形；第二空填enjoy，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)詞原形。故填improve；enjoy。Passage4（2024·陜西西安·二模）“Helloeveryone,mynameisZhangJianna.I’macitycleanerfromChaoyangsanitation(朝陽(yáng)環(huán)衛(wèi)).”

ZhangJianna,a49-year-oldwomanfromavillageinHebei,movedtoBeijingafterhighschool,whereshediddifferentjobsbeforebecomingacitycleanerin2012.Oneday,shemetaforeigner,theforeignerpraisedherforkeepingthestreetsclean,butshedidn’tknowhowtoreact.