初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講精煉：考點(diǎn)33任務(wù)型閱讀之還原句子

在命題趨勢(shì)

閱讀短文還原句子的文章一般為200—250詞左右，設(shè)空位置一般為三種：段首、段尾

和段中。根據(jù)歷年真題的考杳可看出考題中段中設(shè)空最多，段尾次之，段首最少。其主要考

查：

1.學(xué)生能理解故事情節(jié)和事件發(fā)展順序。

2.學(xué)生能理解段落中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系。

方依技巧

1.解題步驟

（1）讀選項(xiàng)，畫(huà)關(guān)鍵詞，暗排序。

（2）讀文章，找邏輯，抓過(guò)渡詞。

（3）先易后難來(lái)解題。

（4）回讀文章定答案。

2.得分技巧

（1）抓住過(guò)渡詞，看住上下句。

（2）盯緊橫線的前后詞語(yǔ)。

通過(guò)學(xué)生對(duì)這類題型的解題步驟、思路及技巧的練習(xí)和實(shí)踐，可總結(jié)出以下復(fù)習(xí)策略:

1.養(yǎng)成限時(shí)閱讀的習(xí)慣，提高閱讀速度。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的閱讀技能，處理好閱讀速度與效

率問(wèn)題。閱讀速度應(yīng)控制在每篇5分鐘，每分鐘40—50個(gè)詞為宜。

2.注意常考點(diǎn)。平時(shí)練習(xí)多注意代詞（如il,ihis,they）、選項(xiàng)的句內(nèi)關(guān)系（如因果、

轉(zhuǎn)折）及重現(xiàn)（文章與選項(xiàng)的復(fù)現(xiàn)提示）等。

3.解題技巧

通讀全文，了解文章大意。根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)、具體內(nèi)容，并結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞，將選項(xiàng)填入

文中，再次通讀全文，重點(diǎn)考查邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)，研究多余選項(xiàng)，確定排除理由，最終

確定答案。

1.如果問(wèn)題設(shè)在段首

（1）通常是段落的主題句。認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找相關(guān)的詞，

推斷出主題句。

（2）與后文是并列，轉(zhuǎn)折，因果關(guān)系等。著重閱讀后文第一兩句，鎖定線索信號(hào)詞，

然后在選項(xiàng)中查找相關(guān)特征詞，通常正確答案的最后?句與空白后的第?句在意思上是緊密

銜接的，因此這兩句之間會(huì)有某種的銜接手段。

（3）段落間的過(guò)渡句。這時(shí)要瞻前顧后找啟示，即閱讀上一段結(jié)尾部分，通常正確答

案與上一段結(jié)尾有機(jī)地銜接起來(lái)，并結(jié)合卜.一段內(nèi)容，著所選的答案是否將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起

來(lái)。

2.如果問(wèn)題設(shè)在段尾

（1）空白前的一句或兩句是重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)句，重點(diǎn)閱讀以鎖定關(guān)鍵詞。

（2）通常是結(jié)論，概括性語(yǔ)句。注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示結(jié)果結(jié)論，總結(jié)等的信號(hào)詞，

如：Therefore,asaresift,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等詞

語(yǔ)，選項(xiàng)中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。

（3）與前文是轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系。此時(shí)要注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，同

時(shí)注意選項(xiàng)中所講內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對(duì)立、對(duì)比關(guān)系。

（4）與前文是并列或排比關(guān)系。在這種情況下，通常是該段落要求補(bǔ)全說(shuō)明本段主題

的其他細(xì)節(jié)，因此，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，在原文和選項(xiàng)中找到相關(guān)的特征詞，通常選項(xiàng)中

會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞或與前文類似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其他線索。

（5）所選答案是引出下一段的內(nèi)容。如果在選項(xiàng)中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，此時(shí)可

考慮與下一段的開(kāi)頭是否有一定的銜接，認(rèn)真閱讀下一段開(kāi)頭幾句，看是否與選項(xiàng)的最后一

句緊密連接起來(lái)。

（6）如果第一段的段尾是空白，要認(rèn)真閱讀,看此處是細(xì)節(jié)還是主題，通常文章第一

段要提出文章的主題，如果在段尾提出主題，會(huì)用一些信號(hào)詞如轉(zhuǎn)折詞引出來(lái)，正確答案應(yīng)

有這樣的特征詞。

處跟蹤訓(xùn)限

____________一.___________

Passage1

Afteryearsofhardworkbythelocalpeople,ErhaiLake（洱海）inYunnanProvinceisseeing

acleanerandhealthierfuture.

“WhenIwasyoung,therewerenotmanypeoplelivingbythelake.]Weusually

drankwaterdirectlyfromthelake.SothewaterofErhaiLakeremainedsoclear,whichwasthe

topinthecountry'swaterqualitysystem."HeLichcng,alocalmansays.Inthe1980s,however,

thewaterqualityofthelakewentbad.2In1996,plentyofblue-greenalgae（水法）made

thewatersmellterribleandalsomadethelocalpeoplefeelheart-broken.

Bomintoafisherman'sfamily,hestartedtogofishingwithhisparentswhenhewas15.

3Butjustthreeyearslater,thelocalgovernmentcontrolledfishinginthelakeand

preventedpollutioninthelake.

In2012,hechangedhishousebythelakeintoahomestay（民宿）.4In2018,some

homestayswereclosedtoprotectthearea.Again,hehadtogiveupawayofmakingmoney.

“5ButIbelieveit'sworthwhile（值得的）.Igotroknowthegovernment'splanwill

helptogreatlyimprovewaterquality.Ifthelakebecametoopolluted,wecouldn'tlivebyit,“He

says.4tIcanseeErhaiiscleanerthanbefore,soourlifewillgetbetter.^^

選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)補(bǔ)全短文，

A.Noonedarestoswiminthelake.

B.Andnobodythrewrubbishintoit.

C.Localpeoplenolongerdrankthewater.

D.Itwasreallyhardformetoacceptatfirst.

E.Everyoneinthevillagewantedtodosomethingtoprotectthelake.

F.Heworkedveryhardandwasfinallyabletobuyapowerboattocatchfish.

G.WiththeonlyhomestayinGushengvillageatthattime,hecouldgetmorethan40,000yuana

year.

【答案】1.B2.C3.F4.G5.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述了何立成小的時(shí)候經(jīng)常喝洱海的水，15歲的時(shí)候就和父母出去打魚(yú)謀生。

后來(lái)由于污染嚴(yán)重，政府控制捕魚(yú)，洱海比以前變得更干凈更美，因此人們的生活將變得更

好。

I.根據(jù)“Weusuallydrankv/aterdirectlyfromihelake.”可知，這里應(yīng)說(shuō)可以直接喝湖水的原因，

選項(xiàng)B“沒(méi)有人往里面扔垃圾。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。

2.根據(jù)"Inthe1980s,however,thewaterqualityofthelakewentbad.”可知,這里應(yīng)說(shuō)結(jié)果怎

么樣，選項(xiàng)C”當(dāng)?shù)厝瞬辉俸人恕！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選C。

3.根據(jù)"Bornintoafisherman'sfamily,hestartedtogofishingwithhisparentswhenhewas15.”

可知，這里的語(yǔ)句應(yīng)該與捕魚(yú)有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)F“他努力工作，終于買(mǎi)了一艘漁船捕魚(yú)。”符合語(yǔ)

境。故選F。

4.根據(jù)“In2012,hechangedhishousebythelakeintoahomestay（民宿）.“可知,這里應(yīng)說(shuō)開(kāi)民

宿獲得的利益，選項(xiàng)G”憑借當(dāng)時(shí)古生村唯一的民宿，他一年能拿到4萬(wàn)多元。”符合語(yǔ)境。

故選G。

5.根據(jù)“In2018,somehomestayswereclosedtoprotectthearea.”可知，這里應(yīng)說(shuō)關(guān)閉民宿的

感受，選項(xiàng)D”起初我真的很難接受。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。

Passage!

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Manyofushavehadthesame"'pleasantsurprise”.Afteryoumarkasongasafavoriteona

musicapp（程序），itsuggestssongsofthesamekindtolistento.6

Bigdata（數(shù)據(jù)）isalotofsetsofinformationthatareputtogethersotheycanbeusedbya

computerprogram.Itcanhavedifferentkindsofinformationfrommanysources（來(lái)源）,suchas

informationthatcomesfromschools,socialmediasites,companies,andgovernments.7

Anothersetcanhavewhattheylike,wheretheygotoschool,andhowmuchtimetheyspendon

thecomputer.

8Thegovernmentusesittounderstandhowinanypeopletravelonbusesortrains.

Theinformationisthenusedtomakebusortrainsystemsbetter.Companiesusebigdata,too.It

helpsthemunderstandwhobuystheirproducts.Forexample,onecompanyusesweatherdatato

seewhenpeopleeatthemostice-cream.

Bigdatacanbeusedforgoodreasons.Somehospitalsusebigdata（opredictifababywhois

borntooearlywillgetsick.Thehospitalcanthentakeextrastepstotakecareofthatbabysoheor

shedoesnotgetsick.9IIcanbeusedtopredictwhichkindsofpeoplearelikely（o

breakthelaworhurtothers,eveniftheyhavenotdoneanythingwrong.

10Itisbecausethecomputerprogramsusedtolookatbigdataandunderstandit

arcwrittenbypeople.Peoplethinkinacertainway.Sotheybuildamodeloftheirownideas.

Theseideasarethenusedtclookatthedata.Sometimes,theseideasarehelpfulforpeopleor

businesses.Othertimes,badideascancauseproblemsforcertaingroupsofpeople.

A.Bigdatacanbeusedinmanyways.

B.Whydoweusebigdataforbadthings?

C.Bigdatacanalsobeusedforbadreasons.

D.Howcanbigdatabeusedforgoodandbadthings?

E.Onesetofdatacanhavepeople'snamesandaddresses.

F.Infact,thismagic,mind-readingpowerdependsondata.

G.Bigdataisveryusefulineveryfield.

【答案】6.F7.E8.A9.C10.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了大數(shù)據(jù)的概念，來(lái)源，用途，作用以及其應(yīng)用。

6.根據(jù)“itsuggestssongsofthesamekindtolistento.”可知，此處應(yīng)解釋出現(xiàn)這種情況的原因，

F選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上，這種神奇的讀心術(shù)依賴于數(shù)據(jù)。”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。

7.根據(jù)“Anothersetcanhavewhattheylike,wheretheygotoschool,andhowmuchtimethey

spendonthecomputer.”可知，此處應(yīng)介紹一組信息的情況，E選項(xiàng)”一組數(shù)據(jù)可以包含人們的

姓名和地址。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。

8.根據(jù)“Thegovernmentusesittounderstandhowmanypeopletravelonbusesortrains.“可知?

此段介紹大數(shù)據(jù)的用處，A選項(xiàng)“大數(shù)據(jù)有多種用途。'‘符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。

9.根據(jù)“Bigdatacanbeusedfbrgoodreasons."及“Itcanbeusedtopredictwhichkindsofpeople

arelikelytobreakthelaworhurtothers,eveniftheyhavenotdoneanythingwrong.”可知，大數(shù)

據(jù)有好的用途也有不好的用途，C選項(xiàng)“大數(shù)據(jù)也可以被用于不好的理由。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選

Co

10.根據(jù)“Sometimes,theseideasarehelpfillfbrpeopleorbusinesses.Othertimes,badideascan

causeproblemsforcertaingroupsofpeople.“可知，此處詢問(wèn)大數(shù)據(jù)用于好的和不好的原因方

面的問(wèn)題，D選項(xiàng)“大數(shù)據(jù)如何用于好事和壞事？”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。

Passage3

Doyouwanttobehappier?Somepsychologists（心理學(xué)家）believethat10%ofyour

happinessisduetolifeconditionsand40%istheresultofyourownchoices.Yourownchoices

includehowyoumanageyourtimeatschool,yourrelationships,yourfriendsandyourhealth.So

youhavealotofcontroloverhowhappyyoufeel.IIHerearesometipsonhowtodo

that.

Surround（圍繞）yourselfwithpositivepeople

Spendtimewithpositivepeopleandyourideaswillbecomeactive.On（heotherhand,good

friendswillencourageandliftyouupwhenyou'redown.12That'salsotrueforthe

peoplewhoweworkwith.

13

Don'tthinkaboutallthethingsthatcangowrong,likefailingatschooloryourfriend

leavingyou.Thinkinglikethisonlyresultsinworryandstress.Ifyoucan,tcontroltomorrow,

don'tworryabouttomorrow.Justworryaboutmakingtodaygreat.Becausethebestwaytobe

happyisjusttoenjoyeachday.

Consideryoureffort

Thinkaboutwhatyou'vealreadydone.Thinkofwhereyouaretodayasasteptowards

tomorrow.Don'ttrytobeperfect,justtrytodothingswell—withexcellence.Rememberthat

nothingcaneverbeperfect.14

Focusonyourself

Compareyourselftoyourself,nottootherpeople.Therewillalwaysbesomeonesmarteror

richerthanyou.Therewillalwaysbesomeonewithabiggerhousethanyou.Rather,lookatwhat

youhavegotandwhoyouare,acceptandvalue（hat.Worktowardbeingabetteronethanyou

werelastmonth.15Andyouwillfeelalothappierwithandaboutyourself.

A.Thinkaboutthefuturewisely.

B.Putthepresenttimetogooduse.

C.Hewillcheeryouup,takecourageandfacedifficultywithoutdoubt.

D.Thekeyistocontrolycurownchoiceswhichmakeyoumuchhappier.

E.Theyseethebestinyou,andthathelpsyouseethebestinyourself.

F.Thatwayyouwillbesurprisedattheprogressthatyouaremaking.

G.Ifyoualwaysaimforperfection,youwillneverbepleasedwithyourself.

【答案】11.D12.E13.A14.G15.F

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講了讓自己快樂(lè)的一些建議。

11.根據(jù)“Soyouhavealotofcontroloverhowhappyyoufeel.”可知此處講的是我們對(duì)快樂(lè)具

有掌控權(quán)，并給出一些方法。由此可知空格處起承上啟下的作用。故選項(xiàng)D“關(guān)鍵是去控制

自己的選擇，這些能讓你更快樂(lè)''符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。

12.根據(jù)“Ontheotherhand,goodfriendswillencourageandliftyouupwhenyou'redown.”可知

此處講到好朋友帶給人們的好處，故選項(xiàng)E“他們看到你最好的一面，這有助于你看到自己

最好的一面”符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。

13.空格處在小標(biāo)題的位置，根據(jù)其他小標(biāo)題可知標(biāo)題的特點(diǎn)是以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭，分析選項(xiàng)

可知A和B項(xiàng)符合要求。根據(jù)"Don'tthinkaboutallthethingsthatcangowrong,likefailingat

schooloryourfriendleavingyou.Thinkinglikethisonlyresultsinworryandstress.”可知此處講

到對(duì)未來(lái)無(wú)謂的擔(dān)心只會(huì)導(dǎo)致?lián)鷳n和壓力。故選項(xiàng)A“明智地考慮未來(lái)”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。

14.根據(jù)"Rememberthatnothingcaneverbeperfect.”可知此處講的是完美的相關(guān)話題。結(jié)合

選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)G“如果你總是追求完美，你將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)對(duì)自己滿意”符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。

15.根據(jù)“Worktowardbeingabetteronethanyouwerelastmonth.”可知此處講的是要追求進(jìn)

步，這個(gè)月要比上個(gè)月的自己更好。故選項(xiàng)F“那樣的話你會(huì)對(duì)你正取得的進(jìn)步感到驚訝”符

合語(yǔ)境。故選F。

Passaged

閱讀下面?篇短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余

選項(xiàng)。

Readingisfun!Butthat'snotall.16Onewayyoucandothiswithfictionbooks,

passages,orpoemsisbygettingtheirthemes.17Thewritermayexpresshisorher

thoughtswithathcmc.Thcmescanbeideaslikefriendship,bravery,love,honestyorfamily.Make

sureyouknowwhatthewriterissaying.

Sometimes,themesarchardtofindout.First,thethememaynotbeabletobeincludedin

justonewordliketheexamplesabove.Insomearticles,theremaybemorethanonethemein

them.18Youhavetousetheclues（線索）inthearticlestofindthem.

Togetthetheme,firstyouneedtomakesureyou'vereadthewholearticle.19

Then,askyourselftosumup（概括）thearticleandtrytomakeupa“bigidea”ofthearticle.

20Youneedivtrepeateverydetailofthestory—afewkeyexampleswillbefine.

Nowyouarereadytoexplorethethemeofatext!

A.What'smore,somethemesarenotshowninthewordsdirectly.

B.Youhavetoreadthearticleagainandagain.

C.Sincethemesdevelopovertime,youcan'tgetthemeasilyuntiltheendofthearticle.

D.Finally,afterfindingouta"bigidea”,gothroughthearticletofindexamplesthatsupportthis

idea.

E.Youcanalsoanalyze（分析）articlestoleammorefromthem.

F.Athemeisacentralidearunningthroughoutthearticle.

G.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?

【答案】16.E17.F18.A19.C20.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了探索文章主題的方法。

16.根據(jù)前句“Readingisfun!Butthat'snotall.”可知此處應(yīng)表達(dá)讀書(shū)還有的其他好處，因此

選項(xiàng)E“你還可以通過(guò)分析文章來(lái)學(xué)到更多。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。

17.根據(jù)前句“Onewayyoucandothiswithfictionbooks,passages,orpoemsisbygettingtheir

themes.”及后句"Thewritermayexpresshisorherthoughtswithatheme.”可知此處應(yīng)表達(dá)主題

的含義，因此選項(xiàng)F“主題是貫穿文章的中心思想。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。

18.根據(jù)后句“Youhavetousetheclues（線索）inthearticlestofindthem.”可知此處應(yīng)表達(dá)文章

主題沒(méi)有直接呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)，因此選項(xiàng)A”而且，有些主題并不會(huì)直接用文字展現(xiàn)出來(lái)。”符合語(yǔ)

境。故選A。

19.根據(jù)前句“Togetthetheme,firstyouneedtomakesureyou'vereadthewholearticle.“可知

此處應(yīng)表達(dá)要通讀全文的原因，因此選項(xiàng)C“因?yàn)橹黝}隨著文章發(fā)展，直到文章末尾你才能

找到它們。"符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。

20.根據(jù)前面的"firsl…Then…”及后句"Youneedn?trepealeverydetailofthestory——afewkey

exampleswillbefine.”可知此處應(yīng)是找主題的一個(gè)步驟，并且與舉例有關(guān)，因此選項(xiàng)D“最后，

在找出文章大意后，通讀文章找到支持這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的例子。‘‘符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。

Passages

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Childrenhavegentleminds,andthechildhoodisthebesttimetoteachthemtoshareand

care.Kidsarenaturallyinterestedinanimals.Parentscouldteachthemtobekindtoanimals.

21Alsowecanshowthemthecoweatinggrassonthegrassland.

Showingkidsthepicturesoftheendangeredanimalsisanotherexcitingwaytomakethem

loveanimals.Theeffectsofpollutionaredifficultforthemtounderstand.22

23Tellthemtheyareourfriends,sowecan'thurtthem.Takethemtothe

conservationparkandshowthemamonkey,rarebirdsortypesofpenguins.Teachthemthat

animalsfeelpainhutcannotexpresslikeus.24Ifyouhavepetsathome,letyourkidgo

withyoutotheappointmentwiththevet.

Parentscouldcalluptheambulanceforinjureddogsornurseasickanimalbacktohealth.

Youcanteachyourkidstodoso.Kidslovetoseethenew-bornbabydogsandthemothernursing

them.25

A.Emotionsarewellunderstoodbychildren.

B.Childrenalllikesmallanimals,buttheydon'tconsiderthemastheirfriends.

C.Teachthemnevertothrowstonestoanimals.

D.Theycanseethedirectrelationshipwhichislikethatbetweenthemandtheirmothers.

E.Theycanshowthemhowantscarryfood,swallowsbuildtheirnestsandsilkwormsspinsilk.

F.Parentsshouldprotect（heenvironmentfirst.

G.Soparentscouldtellthemthatlitteringisbadandacleanenvironmentisrequiredforall

beings.

【答案】21.E22.G23.C24.A25.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文通過(guò)讓孩子觀察動(dòng)物，培養(yǎng)孩子們要有愛(ài)心的故事。

21.根據(jù)"Kidsarenaturallyinterestedinanimals.Parentscouldteachthemtobekindto

animals...Alsowecanshowthemthecoweatinggrassonthegrassland.”可知建議父母可以教孩

子善待動(dòng)物，比如可以向他們展示在草地上吃草的奶牛。選項(xiàng)E”他們可以向孩子們展示螞

蟻如何搬運(yùn)食物，燕子如何筑巢，蠶如何吐絲。”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。

22.根據(jù)“Theeffectsofpcllutionaredifficultforthemtounderstand”可知此處是關(guān)于污染，選

項(xiàng)G”所以父母可以告訴他們，亂扔垃圾是不好的，一個(gè)清潔的環(huán)境是所有生物的需要。”

符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。

23.根據(jù)“Tellthemtheyareourfriends,sowecan'thurtthem.Takethemtotheconservationpark

andshowthemamonkey,rarebirdsortypesofpenguins.”可知父母要教孩子不要傷害動(dòng)物，選

項(xiàng)C“教他們不要向動(dòng)物扔石頭。”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。

24.根據(jù)“Teachthemthatanimalsfeelpainbutcannotexpresslikeus”可知教孩子們動(dòng)物會(huì)感到

疼痛，但不會(huì)像我們一樣表達(dá)。選項(xiàng)A“孩子很容易理解感情。”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。

25.根據(jù)“Kidslovetoseethenew-bornbabydogsandthe:nothernursingthem.“可知孩子們喜

歡看剛出生的小狗和給它們喂奶的媽媽。選項(xiàng)D“他們可以看到他們和母親之間的直接關(guān)系J

符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。

Passage6

Weusuallyfeelnervousandourhandsshakewhenwetalkinfrontofthepublicorareabout

totakepartinaveryimportantactivity.26

Alittleshakeisanaturalbodyactionwhenwefeelnervous.27Whenwemeet

somethingdifficult,especiallywhenwethinkwecan-dealwithit,ourbodywilluseallofour

energytosolvethedifficultiesinfrontofus.Thenundertheinfluenceoftheerectorpili（豎毛肌），

webehavewithhandsshaking.

28Ifsomeoneisverypatient,hisbodyactionwillnotbehavesohard.Soit'snot

quitecommonforhimtohavehandsshaking.Instead,ifsomebodyisnotsogoodatfacingor

dealingwithsomedifficultproblems,hisactionwillacttoohardandit'seasierfbrhimtohave

handsshaking.

Whenpeoplearephysically（身體上的）unhealthyorinmental（精神的）stress,iftheymeet

somethingdifficult,theywillhavemoredifficultiesincontrollingtheirphysical

actions.29Asaresult,wewillfeelmorenervousandaremorelikelytohavehands

shaking.

Whenpeoplefeelthattheyareunabletofaceandsolvetheproblemsathand,theywillbe

morenervous.3（）Theirhandsarealsomorelikelytoshakeunderthatsituation.

A.Itcouldhappentoeveryone.

B.Actuallythephysicalstresswillalsorise.

C.Sowhydoourhandsshakewhenwe7renervous?

D.Everyonemayhavesimilarbehaviorswhentheygetnervous.

E.Butwhentheycansolve（heproblems,theirphysicalstressmayrise.

F.Inthisprocess,ourbodywillloseitsbalanceofbrainactivities.

G.Peoplewithdifferentcharacters（性格）behavedifferentlywhentheyarcnervous.

【答案】26.C27.A28.G29.F30.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要向我們科普了人們?cè)诰o張的情況下，身體機(jī)能的變化及原因。

26.根據(jù)“Weusuallyfeelnervousandourhandsshakewhenwetalkinfrontofthepublicorare

abouttotakepartinaveryimportantactivity.”可知，這里講述的是人們通常會(huì)感到緊張，手會(huì)

顫抖的一個(gè)情況，下文解釋的是會(huì)發(fā)生這種反應(yīng)的原因，C項(xiàng)“那么，為什么我們緊張的時(shí)

候手會(huì)發(fā)抖呢“符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。

27.根據(jù)“Alittleshakeisanaturalbodyactionwhenwefeelnervous.“可知，我們緊張時(shí)就會(huì)出

現(xiàn)輕微的抖動(dòng)，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)“這可能發(fā)生在每個(gè)人身上”符合語(yǔ)境，與上文銜接自然。故

選Ao

28.根據(jù)“Ifsomeoneisverypatient....ifsomebodyisnotsogoodatfacingordealingwithsome

difficullproblems”可知，介紹的是不同的人的反應(yīng)不同，G項(xiàng)“性格不同的人在緊張時(shí)表現(xiàn)

不同。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。

29.根據(jù)“Whenpeoplearephysically（身體上的）unhealthyorinmental（精神的）stress.,they

willhavemoredifficultiesincontrollingtheirphysicalaclions”和“Asaresult,wewillfeelmore

nervousandaremorelikelytohavehands”可知，空處應(yīng)是介紹“更難控制自己的身體行為”這

一過(guò)程中身體的反應(yīng)，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)”在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，我們的身體會(huì)失去大腦活動(dòng)的平衡「符合語(yǔ)境。

故選Fo

30.根據(jù)“Theirhandsarealsomorelikelytoshakeunderthatsituation.”可知，空處應(yīng)是解釋“that

situation”,結(jié)合"theywillbemorenervous”可知，這種情況與"更緊張"引起的身體反應(yīng)有關(guān),

B項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上，身體壓力也會(huì)上升。“符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。

Passage7

OnDec9,threeChineseastronautsgaveascienceclass400kilometersaboveEarth!Zhai

Zhigang,WangYapingandYeGuangfu,whoareworkingaboardtheTiangongspacestation,

showedmillionsofstudentstheirlifethere.31.LeTstakealookatsomeofthem.

32

ThehumanbodygrowswiththepullofEarth'sgravity便力）.Butinspace,ourbonesand

muscles（肌肉）don'tneedtosupportourbody'sweight.Thiswillmakeboneandmusclelose.

NASAsaysthatastronautscanloseupto20percentoftheirmusclesafterjustacoupleofweeks.

33.Astronautshavedifferentwaystopreventthis.ZhaiintroducedaspecialuniformYe

waswearing.It?scalleda“penguinsuit”.Therearemanyelasticbands（彈帶）inside（hesuit.

Wearingit,astronautsusetheirmusclestostretch（拉伸）thebands.Thiskeepstheirmuscles

strong.Wangalsoshowedstudentshowsherodeabicycle.Astronautsexercisewiththesetools

everydaytopreventmuscleloss.

34

Duringanotherexperiment,Wangmadeawaterfilm.Thensheaddedmorewaterdropsonto

thefilmtomakeitawaterball.35.Why?Weneedtofirstunderstandthesurfaceof

water.Thesurfaceislikea“skin”ofwater.OneexampleonEarthisthatsomebugscan“walkon

water”.Mostofthetime,gravityistoostronganditbreaksthe"skin”.Butwithzerogravityin

space,the“skin”staysstrongandthewaterballwillnotbreak.

A.ThiscanneverhappenonEarth.

B.Astronautsareweakinspace.

C.Theyalsodidsomefunscienceexperiments.

D.Thatisdangerousforastronautsbecausetheywillbetooweaktowork.

E.Useitorloseit.

F.Theyarenotafraidoflosingmuscles.

G.Spacewaterisdifferent.

【答案】31.C32.E33.D34.G35.A

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了翟志剛、王亞平和葉光富三位宇航員在太空的生活和他們?yōu)閷W(xué)生展

示的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。

31.根據(jù)"showedmillionsofstudentstheirlifethere...Let?stakealookatsomeofthem.”和后文

可知，除了展示了他們的生活，還進(jìn)行了科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，C項(xiàng)“他們還做了一些有趣的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)」

符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。

32.根據(jù)“Thiswillmakeboneandmusclelose.”和"Astronautsexercisewiththesetoolseveryday

【opreventmuscleloss.“可知，在失重的情況下，肌肉容易流失，本段介紹了宇航員為了防止

肌肉流失，需要做各種鍛煉，E項(xiàng)”使用它或失去它。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。

33.根據(jù)“NASAsaysthatastronautscanloseupto20percentoftheirmusclesafterjustacouple

ofweeks.”可知，在失重的情況下，肌肉很容易流失，從而讓宇航員變得虛弱，D項(xiàng)“這對(duì)宇

航員來(lái)說(shuō)是危險(xiǎn)的，因?yàn)樗麄兲撊蹙蜔o(wú)法工作。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D.

34.根據(jù)“Duringanotherexperiment,Wangmadeawaterfilm.”可知，本段介紹了宇航員在太

空中用水做實(shí)驗(yàn)，G項(xiàng)“太空水是不同的。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。

35.根據(jù)“Thensheaddedmorewaterdropsontothefilmtomakeitawaterball."和"Mostofthe

time,gravityistoostronganditbreaksthe飛kirT.”可知，在地球上，由于重力，無(wú)法形成這樣

的水球，A項(xiàng)”這在地球上永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)發(fā)生。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。

存真題過(guò)關(guān)

.

(2022?山東濟(jì)南?中考真題)

Leadingyoungpeopletotakeupphysicalexerciseisreallyimportant.]Buta

reportrecentlyshowsthatonlyhalfofgirlswhowerequestionedbyresearchersenjoydoing

sporls.2Whatarethereasons?Becauseoftheirdislikeoftheclothes(heyareaskedto

wearandthelack(缺乏)offacilities(設(shè)備)todo(heirhairafterwards.Asmoregirlsthanboys

failtotakepartinphysicalactivities,(hisisseenasaproblemthatneedsdealingwith.

ManyofthegirlsquestionedsaidtheydislikedwearingtheskirtsthatareoftenpartofPE

clothesandthattheclothesshouldbemorecomfortabletowear.Thegirlswantedtohavethe

chancetosaywhatthePEclothesshouldlooklike.Theysuggestedclothingshouldcovermoreof

(heirbodies,suchasleggingsandhigh-neckedshirts.3

Anotherkeyproblemthegirlsreportedwasnothaving:hefacilitiesavailabletodotheirhair

aftertheyhadtakenpartinexercise.Thegirlsbeinginterviewedwantedprivatespacewherethey

couldgetchanged.Theyfeltschoolsshouldsupplyhairdryerssothattheycouldstyletheirhair.

4Theycouldusethistimetodotheirhairandmakesuretheylookedthesameasthey

didbeforetheclass.

Theresearchersargue(hatsincegirlsworryagreatdealabouthowtheylookduringtheir

teenageyears,itisimportantthatschoolstaketheseproblemsseriously.5Some

teachersfeelsportsshouldkeepyoungers*mindsoffhowtheylook.Itshouldhelpthemseethe

valueofkeepingphysicallyfit,enjoyingteamspiritandachievingtheirsuccessandnotworrying

aboutwhattheirhairlookslike.

A.GirlshadthefollowingproblemswithPEclasses.

B.Evenaquarterofthemactuallyavoidtakingpart.

C.However,noteveryoneagreeswith(hesuggestions.

D.Theyalsorequired15minutesattheendofthePEclass.

E.Surprisingly,mostgirlsdon'tagreewiththissuggestion.

F.PEclassesareonewayofgettingyoungpeopletodothis.

G.Theyalsothoughtthematerialsusedwerenotgoodenough.

【答案】1.F2.B3.G4.D5.C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章分析了女生們不喜歡上體育課的原因以及學(xué)生們對(duì)此問(wèn)題

提出的相關(guān)建議。

1.根據(jù)上——句“Leadingyoungpeopletotakeupphysicalexerciseisreallyimportant.”可知，讓

年輕人進(jìn)行體育鍛煉是真的很重要。因此此處應(yīng)是說(shuō)明如何讓年輕人做這件事。選項(xiàng)F”體

育課是讓年輕人做這件事的一種方法。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。

2.根據(jù)上一句"Butareportrecentlyshowsthatonlyhalfofgirlswhowerequestionedby

researchersenjoydoingsports”可知，最近的一份報(bào)告顯示，在接受問(wèn)卷調(diào)查的女生中，只有

一半的女生喜歡做運(yùn)動(dòng)。由此可知，此處應(yīng)是說(shuō)明女生參加運(yùn)動(dòng)的其他情況。選項(xiàng)B“甚至

她們中有四分之一實(shí)際上還逃避運(yùn)動(dòng)。''符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。

3.根據(jù)上文“Manyofthegirlsquestionedsaidtheydislikedwearingtheskirtsthatarcoftenpart

ofPEclothesandthattheclothesshouldbemorecomfortabletowear.”可知，此處講女生們不喜

歡體育課上所要穿的衣服，選項(xiàng)G”他們還認(rèn)為所用的材料不夠好。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。

4.I艮據(jù)下■句“Theycouldusethistimetodotheirhairandmakesuretheylookedthesameas

theydidbeforetheclass.'何知，他們可以利用這個(gè)時(shí)間去整理她們的頭發(fā)，確保她們看起來(lái)

和去上體育課前一樣。說(shuō)明此處應(yīng)是建議要有一個(gè)特殊的時(shí)間段。選項(xiàng)D“她們也要求體育

課結(jié)束的時(shí)候要有15分鐘的休息時(shí)間。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。

5.根據(jù)上一句"Theresearchersarguethatsincegirlsworryagreatdealabouthowtheylook

duringtheirteenageyears,itisimportantthatschoolstaketheseproblemsseriously.”可知，有些

研究人員認(rèn)為學(xué)校應(yīng)該認(rèn)真對(duì)待這些問(wèn)題。結(jié)合下一句"Someteachersfeelsportsshouldke印

youngers,mindsoffhowtheylook.”nJ知，有些老師認(rèn)為應(yīng)該讓年輕人摒棄和外貌有關(guān)的想法。

此處應(yīng)是說(shuō)明有些人的看法不一致。選項(xiàng)然而，并不是每個(gè)人都同意這些建議。”符合語(yǔ)

境。故選C。

（2022?四川四川?中考真題）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Itmaybedifficulttostarthighschool.Thinkingaboutmakingnewfriendsmightmakeyou

feelnervous.6Youaregoingtoschoolwithagroupofstudentsofyourage.Hereare

severalsuggestionsforyoutofollow.

Forgetyourfearandjusttalktosomeone.

It'seasiersaidthandone.Buttrytotakeadeepbreathendfindyourvoice.Don'tbeafraidto

approach（接近）people.7Sitinthemiddleoftheclassroomwithasmanynewfriends

aroundyouaspossible.

8

Takepartinaftcr-classactivitiesthatinterestyou.Trytomakefriendsintheclubs.Ifyou

don'tjoinanything,youwillbejustgoingtoclassandthengoinghome.Beinginaclubmakes

youmoresocial.

Stayclean.

Noonelikesabadsmellthatcouldknocksomeoneover.Showereveryday,brushyourteeth

andwashyourhair.9

BerespectfuK尊重的）ofpeople'sdifferences.

10Andeveryonebelievesindifferentthings.Itisagoodthingtohavedifferent

friendswithdifferentopinionsbecauseyoucaneachshareyourown.

A.Joinclubs.

B.Startinganewlifemightmakeyouexcited.

C.Butdon'tworry,becauseyouarenotalone.

D.Everyonehashisorherownopinionoftheworld.

E.Youaresupposedtomakeyourselflookcleanandtidy,whateveryouwear.

F.Introduceyourselfandstartaconversationaboutsomethingyouhaveincommon.

【答案】6.C7.F8.A9.E10.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述了如何在高中結(jié)交新朋友。

6.上文“Itinaybedifficulttostarthighschool.Thinkingaboutmakingnewfriendsmightmake

youfeelnervous.”提出了結(jié)交新朋友的問(wèn)題，結(jié)合下文“Youaregoingtoschoolwithagroupof

studentsofyourage.Herearcseveralsuggestionsfbryoutofollow.”可知，空處應(yīng)是針對(duì)該問(wèn)題

表示安慰，C項(xiàng)”但別擔(dān)心，因?yàn)槟悴⒉还聠巍！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選C。

7.根據(jù)"Forgetyourfearandjusttalktosomeone."和"Don'tbeafraidtoapproach（接近）

people....Sitinthemiddleoftheclassroomwith