PAGEPAGE1專題十復(fù)合句真題試做(A)1.(2024宜賓中考改編)That'stheboy______wonthefirstprizeinthecompetitionyesterday.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.where(B)2.(2024宜賓中考改編)Doyouknow______？A.howoldisheB.howoldheisC.heishowoldD.howmuchisit(D)3.(2024安徽中考)—Iwonder______Janegetsonsowellwithherclassmates.—Becauseshealwayscaresmuchaboutothers.A.whetherB.howC.whenD.why(A)4.(2024北京中考)—Alice,couldyoutellme______London?—Sure.LastSunday.A.whenMr.SmithleftB.whenMr.SmithwillleaveC.whendidMr.SmithleaveD.whenwillMr.Smithleave(A)5.(2024廣東中考)—Couldyoutellme______you'dlikemetopayyou?—You'dbetterusemobilepayment.Idon'tcare______itisAlipayorWeChatPay.A.how；whetherB.how；whyC.what；whetherD.what；why考向歸結(jié)在近年的中考中,對(duì)復(fù)合句的考查主要面對(duì)：1.賓語從句(引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時(shí)態(tài))；2.定語從句(關(guān)系詞的選用)；3.狀語從句(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、緣由、目的等)?？键c(diǎn)突破賓語從句在復(fù)合句中,放在動(dòng)詞或者介詞后面起賓語作用的從句稱為賓語從句。1.賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞例句當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí),用that引導(dǎo)；that無意義時(shí),可省略Wefound(that)momhadknownthesecret.我們發(fā)覺媽媽知道了那個(gè)隱私。當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí),用whether,if引導(dǎo)Theboyaskedhismomifhecoulddrinkcola.男孩問他的媽媽他是否能喝可樂。當(dāng)特別疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí),用what,who,where,when,how,why,which,whose等特別疑問詞引導(dǎo)Doyouknowwhoheislookingfor?你知道他在找誰嗎？Justwatchwhathedoes.只是看看他做什么。2.賓語從句的語序無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句,賓語從句都要用陳述句語序,其構(gòu)成是：主句＋引導(dǎo)詞＋陳述句語序(主謂語序)。如：Wedon'tknowwherehelives.我們不知道他住在哪里。Doyouknowwherehelives？你知道他住在哪里嗎？3.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)在賓語從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要和主句中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)保持一樣,其一般規(guī)律為：規(guī)律例句主過從過：主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞假如是一般過去時(shí),從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用相對(duì)應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)Thepoliceaskedtheboywherehismomwas.警察問男孩他媽媽在哪兒。主現(xiàn)從不限：主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞假如是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞可以用任何時(shí)態(tài)Wedon'tknowwhenhewasborn.我們不知道他生于何時(shí)。真理不變：假如從句所說的是客觀真理或事實(shí),從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞則要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Theoldtoldustheearthgoesroundthesun.老人告知我們地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。4.賓語從句與簡(jiǎn)潔句的轉(zhuǎn)換由連接代詞或連接副詞what,how,where等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Shehasn'tdecidedwhereshewillgoonholiday.＝Shehasn'tdecidedwheretogoonholiday.她還沒確定去哪里度假。CouldyoutellmehowIcanmakefruitsalad?＝Couldyoutellmehowtomakefruitsalad?你能告知我怎么做水果沙拉嗎？定語從句在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫作定語從句；被修飾的名詞或代詞叫作先行詞,定語從句放在先行詞的后面。關(guān)系代詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間,起連接作用,同時(shí)又在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有：關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,that,whose,which；關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why。如：Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.住在我們隔壁的那個(gè)人是個(gè)警察。1.關(guān)系詞的選用先行詞和引導(dǎo)詞例句先行詞指人時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞通常用who(作主語或賓語),whom(作賓語),that(作主語或賓語)；that作主語時(shí)不能省略,作賓語時(shí)可以省略Jimmyisthemanwho/thathaswonthefirstprize.吉米就是那個(gè)獲得一等獎(jiǎng)的人。(who/that作主語,不能省略)Theman(that/who/whom)wealllikeisourheadteacher.我們大家都喜愛的人是我們的班主任。(that/who/whom作賓語,可省略)先行詞指物時(shí),可用that/which(作主語/賓語)引導(dǎo)；若前面有介詞時(shí),只能用whichThebookthat/whichisthickerismine.那本厚些的書是我的。(that/which作主語,不能省略)Thisisthepark(that/which)wevisitedlastweek.這是上周我們游玩的公園。(that/which作賓語,可省略)TheknifewithwhichIcuttheapplesisverysharp.我用來切蘋果的那把刀很銳利。(介詞＋which)先行詞與定語從句中某個(gè)名詞有所屬關(guān)系,表示“……的”時(shí),要用關(guān)系代詞whose作定語Themathbookwhosecoverisredishers.那本紅色封面的數(shù)學(xué)書是她的。先行詞為表示時(shí)間的詞,且在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語時(shí),常用關(guān)系副詞whenIwillneverforgetthedayswhenwestudiedtogetherinAmerica.我恒久不會(huì)遺忘我們一起在美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的那些日子。先行詞為表示地點(diǎn)的詞,且在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí),常用關(guān)系副詞whereWespenttwoweeksinthecitywherewemetforthefirsttime.我們?cè)诔醮蜗嘤龅某鞘欣锎藘芍堋Ｏ刃性~為reason(緣由),且在從句中作緣由狀語時(shí),要用關(guān)系副詞whyNobodyknowsthereasonwhysheleftthiscompany.沒有人知道她離開這家公司的緣由。留意：關(guān)系副詞when,where只能在從句中作狀語,不行充當(dāng)主語或賓語。2.只能用關(guān)系代詞that的狀況類別例句先行詞前面有形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)Themostfamousstylethatiscreatedbyheristheshorthair.她引領(lǐng)的最為人們熟知的時(shí)尚潮流就是短發(fā)。先行詞為all,much,little,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代詞或被其修飾時(shí)Pleasemoveoutallthedesksthatareold.請(qǐng)把全部舊桌子搬出去。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou？我可以為您做些什么嗎？先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.我們要做的第一件事就是獲得一些食物。先行詞前有theone,theonly,thelast,thevery,thesame等詞修飾時(shí)TheonlythingthatIwanttodonowistohaveabigmeal.我現(xiàn)在唯一想做的事就是大吃一頓。先行詞同時(shí)包含人和物時(shí)Icanseemanypeopleandbuildingsthatarereflectedonthelake.我能看到湖面上倒映出很多的人和建筑。主句是who或which引導(dǎo)的特別疑問句時(shí)Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow？剛剛和你說話的那個(gè)女孩是誰？3.只用which引導(dǎo)的定語從句,不用that的狀況關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)(of,for,with,in,on…)。如：IwanttofindthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter.我想找到我用來寫信的鋼筆。4.只用who引導(dǎo)的定語從句,不用that的狀況(1)當(dāng)先行詞為everyone,someone,noone,nobody,everybody,somebody等表示人的不定代詞時(shí)。如：Isthereanyonewhocananswerthequestion？有人可以回答這個(gè)問題嗎？(2)當(dāng)先行詞為those時(shí)。如：Thosewhotakeawalkintheparkarealmostoldpeople.在公園里漫步的人幾乎都是老人。狀語從句在復(fù)合句中,作狀語成分的從句叫狀語從句,常見的狀語從句可分為：時(shí)間、緣由、條件、方式、讓步、比較、結(jié)果、目的等從句(見連詞用法)。1.時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有when(當(dāng)……時(shí)),as(當(dāng)……時(shí)),while(當(dāng)……時(shí)),till/until(直到……),since(自從……以來),before(在……之前),after(在……之后),assoonas(一……就……)等。引導(dǎo)詞意義例句when(當(dāng)……時(shí))when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中既可接持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也可接非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,多用一般過去時(shí)TheyweretalkinghappilywhenIwalkedpastthedoor.當(dāng)我走過那扇門時(shí),他們正在開心地談話。續(xù)表引導(dǎo)詞意義例句while(當(dāng)……時(shí))while強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句只能用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,且多用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)MymotherwascookingwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.當(dāng)我正在做作業(yè)時(shí),我媽媽正在做飯。as(當(dāng)……時(shí))強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作伴隨主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生,所引導(dǎo)的從句中既可接持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也可接非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞Astheywalkedalongthelake,theysanghappily.當(dāng)他們沿湖漫步時(shí),他們歡樂地唱歌。before(在……之前)before引導(dǎo)的從句表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之前Weturnedoffthelightbeforeweleft.我們?cè)陔x開前關(guān)了燈。after(在……之后)after引導(dǎo)的從句表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后Hewenttobedafterhefinishedhiswork.他做完工作后就去睡覺了。assoonas(一……就……)assoonas表示“一……就……”,若主句為一般將來時(shí),從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來IwillthrowawaythebrokenshoesassoonasIbuyanewpair.等我一買到新鞋我就會(huì)把這雙破的鞋扔掉。2.緣由狀語從句緣由狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有because(因?yàn)?,since(因?yàn)?；既?,as(因?yàn)?；由?,for(因?yàn)?等。如：Hedidn'tcometoschoolyesterdaybecausehewasill.他昨天沒來上學(xué),因?yàn)樗×?。Sinceyouarefree,youcanhelphim.既然你沒什么事,你可以幫幫他。Davidjustwaitedthereashedidn'tknowwhattodo.因?yàn)椴恢涝撟鍪裁?戴維就等在那兒。TheSmithshadtostartearly,fortherewasalongwaytogo.史密斯一家不得不早早動(dòng)身,因?yàn)檫€有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。留意：because和so不能同時(shí)運(yùn)用。3.條件狀語從句條件狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有if(假如),unless(除非；假如……不)等。引導(dǎo)詞規(guī)律例句if假如,主將從現(xiàn)Hewillreturnifhefindsthetruth.假如他發(fā)覺真相,他就會(huì)返回。unless除非,主將從現(xiàn)Youwillfailthetestunlessyoustudyhard.除非你努力學(xué)習(xí),否則你將考試不及格。4.地點(diǎn)狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有where(哪里),wherever(無論哪里)。如：I'dliketogowheretheairisveryfresh.我想去空氣特別清爽的地方。Whereveryougo,I'llberightherewaitingforyou.無論你去哪兒,我都會(huì)在這兒等你。5.比較狀語從句比較狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有as…as…(和……一樣……),than(比)等。如：Peterisnotastallashisbrother.彼得不像他哥哥那么高。6.目的狀語從句目的狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有sothat(以便),inorderthat(為了)等。如：Hestoodupsothat/inorderthathecouldseetheblackboardclearly.他站起來,以便能清晰地看到黑板。7.結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有so…that…/such…that…(如此……以至于……)等。引導(dǎo)詞結(jié)構(gòu)例句so…that…so＋形容詞/副詞＋that從句Sheissobeautifulthatwealllikeher.她如此美麗以至于我們都喜愛她。such…that…such＋a/an＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋that從句Heissuchacleverboythateveryonelikeshim.他是如此聰慧的男孩,以至于每個(gè)人都喜愛他。續(xù)表引導(dǎo)詞結(jié)構(gòu)例句such…that…such＋形容詞＋不行數(shù)名詞＋that從句It'ssuchfineweatherthatallofuswanttogotothemountain.天氣如此好以至于我們都想去爬山。such＋形容詞＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋that從句Theyaresuchlovelyflowersthatthegirlbuysallofthem.那些花如此好看以至于那個(gè)女孩把它們都買了。留意：(1)當(dāng)名詞前有much,many,little,few等詞修飾時(shí),只能用so。如：Thereissomuchwaterleftthatit'senoughforaseven-daytrip.所剩的水還很多,足夠維持7天的旅程。(2)當(dāng)little意為“小”時(shí),仍用such。如：It'ssuchalittlesheepthatweareworriedaboutwhetheritcansurvivethewinter.這只羊這么小,我們都擔(dān)憂它是否能熬過冬天。8.讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有though/although(雖然),eventhough/if(即使；盡管)等。如：Although/Thoughshe'snotbeautiful,she'skindandsincere.雖然不美麗,但她和善而真誠(chéng)。留意：although/though不能和but連用。小試牛刀(A)1.(2024北部灣中考)Assoonasshe______inNanning,shewillcallyou.A.arrivesB.arriveC.willarriveD.arrived(A)2.(2024玉林中考)—WhogottheFirst-everFriendshipMedal(友情勛章)ofChina?—It'sPutin______everybodyknowssowellintheworld.A.whomB.whatC.whichD.whose(A)3.(2024玉林中考)—Herearethejobsforyou,youngman.—Thankyou.CouldIchoose______？A.whatIliketodomostB.whatIlikedtodomostC.whatdoIliketodomostD.whatdidIliketodomost(C)4.(2024河南中考)Anyonewhoisaserveror______hasbeenoneknowsthatcustomersalwayscomefirst.A.whomB.whatC.whoD.which(A)5.(2024河南中考)—Excuseme.Doyouknow______？—Sorry,Idon'tknow,either.A.howtocheckoutabookB.whenwilltheconcer