工程質量通病防治做法手冊

目錄2·目 錄一、鋼筋工程···········································································································································································································131、鋼筋原材/半成品堆碼混亂，標識、標牌缺失················································································································································142、直螺紋鋼筋原材未采用專用鋼筋切斷機切平··················································································································································153、直螺紋絲頭長度、絲頭完整有效扣數不符合要求·········································································································································164、箍筋彎鉤平直段長度不足····················································································································································································175、鋼筋彎折的彎弧內直徑不符合要求···································································································································································186、墻、柱鋼筋偏位·····································································································································································································197、電渣壓力焊鋼筋焊包不飽滿、軸線偏移、未順肋·········································································································································218、鋼筋馬凳筋、保護層墊塊放置不規范······························································································································································229、梁柱核心區柱箍筋數量不足···············································································································································································2310、型鋼混凝土梁主筋焊接長度不足，隨意開孔··············································································································································24二、模板工程··········································································································································································································251、后澆帶處的模板及支架未獨立設置··································································································································································262、模板架體拆除不合規、隨意拆除······································································································································································273、鋁模免抹灰收口凹槽預留不規范······································································································································································284、樓板降板成型質量差···························································································································································································295、洞口預留模板變形·······························································································································································································30三、混凝土工程·····································································································································································································311、樓梯施工縫留設位置不符合要求·····································································································································································322、施工縫處理不到位·······························································································································································································333、混凝土缺陷處置不及時、不規范·····································································································································································344、混凝土錯臺（木模轉鋁模樓層）·····································································································································································355、混凝土墻體錯臺（木模）··················································································································································································366、地下室頂板荷載控制措施不到位·····································································································································································377、柱、墻與梁、板不同強度等級混凝土攔截不到位·······································································································································383目錄8、鋼管混凝土不密實，孔洞，斷層·····································································································································································399、混凝土潤管砂漿澆筑到結構主體內·································································································································································4010、混凝土氣泡過多·································································································································································································4111、墻柱底部爛根·····································································································································································································4212、混凝土樓板裂縫·································································································································································································4313、鋁模傳料口鋼筋留置不規范、封堵不密實··················································································································································44四、裝配式工程······································································································································································································451、預制構件運輸、堆放不規范，產生撓度和開裂············································································································································462、預留鋼筋或者預埋件偏位··················································································································································································473、疊合板板帶部位流漿錯臺（1）·······································································································································································484、疊合板板帶部位流漿錯臺（2）·······································································································································································495、疊合板板帶部位流漿錯臺（3）·······································································································································································506、套筒灌漿不飽滿···································································································································································································514目錄7、灌漿構件受擾動··································································································································································································528、預制樓梯端頭板混凝土預留尺寸不準確·······················································································································································53五、預應力工程·····································································································································································································541、管道定位措施不到位，局部偏移或上浮·······················································································································································552、已安裝的管道成品保護不到位········································································································································································563、預應力管道連接密封不嚴·················································································································································································574、張拉設備和儀表未配套標定或不在有效期內··············································································································································585、封錨保護層厚度不夠或封錨不密實·······························································································································································59六、屋面工程········································································································································································································601、排汽構造設置不當·····························································································································································································612、出屋面構件（女兒墻、屋面機房、伸出屋面管道井等）未設置混凝土反坎······················································································623、女兒墻防水泛水高度不足················································································································································································634、屋面倒坡、積水·································································································································································································645目錄5、屋面保護層分格縫設置不規范·······································································································································································656、女兒墻分格縫設置不規范···············································································································································································667、屋面排煙（風）道等未施工滴水槽或鷹嘴·················································································································································678、設備基礎、管道支墩等防水泛水高度不足·················································································································································68七、防滲漏··············································································································································································································691、地下室防水卷材搭接錯邊、寬度不符合要求·············································································································································702、地下室外墻防水收口不規范、成品保護不到位·········································································································································713、止水鋼板外露寬度不符要求···········································································································································································724、止水鋼板未雙面搭接焊、搭接質量差··························································································································································735、吊洞采用鐵絲吊模、混凝土不密實······························································································································································746、外墻螺桿眼未有效封堵、滲漏·······································································································································································757、外窗滲水·············································································································································································································76八、二次結構·········································································································································································································776目錄1、混凝土反坎施工管控不到位···········································································································································································782、管線直接從衛生間反坎根部或門下檻穿設·················································································································································793、空調管采用填塞砌塊砌筑···············································································································································································804、構造柱施工不規范····························································································································································································815、管線開槽質量差································································································································································································82九、鋼結構工程··································································································································································································831、半成品/成品吊運損傷·····················································································································································································842、母材氣割割痕超差···························································································································································································853、零部件/構件加工尺寸超差············································································································································································864、地腳螺栓位移，螺桿損壞··············································································································································································875、鋼柱安裝尺寸超差···························································································································································································886、鋼梁安裝高差超規范要求··············································································································································································897、焊縫-夾渣··········································································································································································································907目錄8、焊縫-咬邊··········································································································································································································919、焊縫-焊瘤··········································································································································································································9210、焊縫-氣孔········································································································································································································9311、使用氣割、電焊割孔或擴孔·······································································································································································9412、高強螺栓終擰后螺絲外露長度不一··························································································································································9513、扭剪型高強螺栓終擰后梅花頭未擰掉······················································································································································9614、樓承板栓釘排布不規整，焊接未熔合······················································································································································9715、表面處理-未達到除銹等級··········································································································································································9816、涂裝-皺皮········································································································································································································9917、涂裝-流墜········································································································································································································10018、涂裝-針眼········································································································································································································10119、涂裝-氣泡········································································································································································································10220、涂裝-涂層厚度超標·······················································································································································································1038目錄21、油漆反銹、脫落·····························································································································································································10422、防火涂料涂刷完畢后表面出現裂紋···························································································································································10523、檁條安裝不符合要求·····················································································································································································10624、金屬屋面底板成型質量差············································································································································································10725、金屬屋面板固定座定位不準導致防水破損··············································································································································10826、屋面板成型效果不符合要求········································································································································································10927、屋面板鎖邊未鎖緊·························································································································································································11028、天窗收邊注膠隨意·························································································································································································111十、裝飾裝修工程·····························································································································································································1121、石材地面泛堿····································································································································································································1132、吊桿長度大于

1500mm

時，未設置反支撐·············································································································································1143、墻磚干掛用云石膠做結構固定······································································································································································1154、墻面干掛石材鋼架基層掛件螺栓安裝未加彈簧圈····································································································································1169目錄5、吊頂石材沒有用干掛件或掛件部位未進行加強處理································································································································1176、吊頂主龍骨及吊桿接觸風管引起開裂··························································································································································1187、吊頂未設置伸縮縫引起開裂···········································································································································································1198、吊頂造型轉角未加固引起開裂·······································································································································································1209、重型設備和有振動荷載的設備直接安裝在吊頂工程的龍骨上···············································································································12110、臺下盆未設置鋼架等可靠支撐····································································································································································12211、裝飾后的消火栓箱門設置不規范································································································································································12312、上人屋面臨空欄桿高度不符要求································································································································································124十一、給排水工程·····························································································································································································1251、室內排污管轉彎處使用

90

度角彎頭···························································································································································1262、排水管坡度不足·································································································································································································1273、水泵吸水管上偏心異徑管安裝錯誤·······························································································································································1284、軟連接安裝帶勁連接不順直、螺栓安裝方向錯誤·····································································································································12910目錄5、給水管穿變形縫處補償器施工不規范···························································································································································1306、室外埋地水管未做防腐·····················································································································································································1317、上人屋面通氣管高度不足·················································································································································································132十二、電氣工程·····································································································································································································1331、防雷接地焊接質量差·························································································································································································1342、接地扁鋼設置不符合規范要求········································································································································································1353、屋面接閃器施工不規范·····················································································································································································1364、電纜槽盒穿墻及穿樓板時未做防火封堵或防火堵料封堵不密實············································································································1375、槽盒跨接線連接不規范·····················································································································································································1386、吊頂內軟管連接不規范·····················································································································································································1397、槽盒穿變形縫處補償裝置設置不規范···························································································································································1408、線管穿變形縫處補償裝置設置不規范···························································································································································141十三、通風與空調工程······················································································································································································14211目錄1、豎向管道固定支架翼板、弧板等缺失或偏小，隔熱硬木缺失················································································································1432、大型管道支吊架施工不規范············································································································································································1443、空調機房并聯運行水泵的管道進入總管未采用順水流斜向連接············································································································1454、矩形風管轉彎處未設置彎管導流片·······························································································································································1465、直徑或長邊≥630mm

的防火閥未設置獨立支吊架，閥門距墻超過

200mm····················································································1476、薄鋼板風管邊長大于

2000mm

時使用法蘭彈簧夾連接；彈簧夾未正反交叉安裝···········································································1487、空調管道系統最低或局部最低處未設置排水裝置，管道系統最高或局部最高處未設置排氣裝置················································1498、風管保溫釘密度不足，風管法蘭連接處未設置獨立保溫條·····················································································································1509、風管穿變形縫處補償裝置設置不規范····························································································································································15112目錄鋼筋工程13一、鋼筋工程通病現象通病圖片通病防治做法鋼筋原材/半成品堆碼混亂，標識、標牌缺失防治做法：堆放場地硬化，制作工具式鋼筋堆放架。鋼筋加工場懸掛鋼筋加工量化質量控制標牌，明確鋼筋加工量化標準。地下室頂板堆載前，制定施工方案進行荷載計算，按照方案堆載。建立鋼筋半成品待檢區和合格區，半成品加工完成及時檢查合格放入合格區，不合格返工重做。建立鋼筋物項標識牌、鋼筋半成品使用料牌，明確使用部位。控制要點：分類碼放；標識、標牌及時、準確。工具式鋼筋堆放架標識牌鋼筋工程14通病現象通病圖片通病防治做法直螺紋鋼筋原材未采用專用鋼筋切斷機切平防治做法：根據施工現場環境選擇合適的器具進行切割。如帶鋸、砂輪鋸或帶圓弧形刀片的專用鋼筋切斷機。鋼筋切割前，調試切斷機器，檢查切片、鋼筋切斷刀頭是否符合要求。檢查鋼筋原材限位裝置是否完善。鋼筋原材垂直于切斷工具斷面放置，切割時不應發生位移。若場外加工，需建立定期駐場檢查制度，定期到場檢查，嚴禁過程中不檢查僅半成品進場驗收檢查。控制要點：鋼筋原材限位及切平。臥式帶鋸床直螺紋鋼筋原材切平效果鋼筋工程15通病現象通病圖片通病防治做法直螺紋絲頭長度、絲頭完整有效扣數不符合要求防治做法：直螺紋絲頭長度、絲頭完整有效扣數應符合廠家產品設計