項目三：識讀與繪制道路工程圖路橋22-3/4工程制圖與識圖0006任務(wù)32：識讀公路路線縱斷面圖Project3：ReadingandDrawingRoadEngineeringFigureTask32：Readingroadprofilediagram項目三：識讀與繪制道路工程圖Task31：Readingroadplanefigure任務(wù)31識讀公路路線平面圖Task32：Readingroadprofilediagram任務(wù)32識讀公路路線縱斷面圖Task33：Readingcrosssectionfigureofroadbed任務(wù)33識讀、繪制公路路基橫斷面圖Project3：ReadingandDrawingRoadEngineeringFigureContentsofroadprofilediagram路線縱斷面圖的內(nèi)容Theroadprofilediagramismainlyusedtoexpressthelongitudinaldesignlineshape,theupsanddownsofthegroundalongthecenterline,thegeologyandthegeneralsituationofthestructuresalongtheroad.路線縱斷面圖主要用以表達道路的縱向設(shè)計線形以及沿路線中心線地面的高低起伏狀況、地質(zhì)和沿線設(shè)置構(gòu)造物的概況等。Thefigurepartoftheroadprofilediagramisobtainedbyexpandingthesectionalongthecenterline.Thefollowinginformationcanbeknownbyreadingthefigurepart:路線縱斷面圖中的圖樣部分是用沿路線中心線展開剖切方法獲得的，閱讀圖樣部分主要了解以下信息:Scale:Thehorizontaldirectionoftheprofileshowsthelengthoftheroute,andtheverticaldirectionshowstheelevationofthedesignlineandtheground.比例：縱斷面圖的水平方向表示路線的長度（前進方向)，豎直方向表示設(shè)計線和地面的高程。Task32：ReadingroadprofilediagramContentsofroadprofilediagram路線縱斷面圖的內(nèi)容Designsurfaceandgroundsurface:thegroundisrepresentedbythethinsolidlineontheprofilediagramtoreflectthegroundfluctuationalongthemiddlelineofthehighway;Thedesignsurfaceisrepresentedbythethicksolidline,whichreflectstheroadfluctuation.Thefillingheightcanbedeterminedbycomparingtherelativepositionofthedesignsurfaceandtheground.設(shè)計線和地面線：在縱斷面圖上用細實線表示地面線，反映沿公路中線的地面起伏變化情況;用粗實線表示設(shè)計線，反映了公路路線的起伏變化情況，設(shè)計線上各點的標高通常是指路基邊緣的設(shè)計高程。比較設(shè)計線與地面線的相對位置，可決定填挖高度。Benchmark:controlpointformeasuringelevationalongtheline水準點：沿線設(shè)置的測量高程控制點。Task32：ReadingroadprofilediagramContentsofroadprofilediagram路線縱斷面圖的內(nèi)容Verticalcurve:theslopepointofthedesignlineisprovidedwithanarcverticalcurvetofacilitatethesmoothrunningofvehicles,concave,convextwokindsofcurves.豎曲線：在設(shè)計線的邊坡點設(shè)呈圓弧豎曲線，便于車輛平穩(wěn)行駛,分凹、凸兩種曲線。Engineeringstructures:engineeringstructuresalongtheroadshouldbemarkedwithverticalleadlinesaboveorbelowthedesignlinealignedwiththecentralpositionofthestructure,andmarkedthenameofthestructure,specificationandmileagepilenumber.工程構(gòu)筑物：道路沿線的工程構(gòu)筑物應(yīng)在設(shè)計線的上方或下方對準構(gòu)筑物的中心位置用豎直引出線標注，并標注構(gòu)筑物的名稱、規(guī)格和里程樁號。Task32：ReadingroadprofilediagramEffects作用:Presentingtheverticaldesignlines(slope,verticalcurve);表達路線的縱向設(shè)計線型（坡度、豎曲線）;Presentingthefluctuationofthegroundatthecenterlineoftheroad.表達路線中心線處地面的高低起伏狀況。

Characteristics圖示特點:Usinganimaginaryplumbplanetocutalongthecenterlineoftheroute,thenunfoldingthedrawing;用假想的鉛垂面沿著路線中心線進行剖切，然后展開繪制;Theverticalscaleis10timeslargerthanthehorizontalscale.縱向比例比橫向比例放大10倍。Task32：ReadingroadprofilediagramScale比例尺Heightscale高程標尺Task32：ReadingroadprofilediagramDesighedsurface設(shè)計線ground地面線Excavating挖方Filling填方Task32：ReadingroadprofilediagramThegroundlineisrepresentedbythethinsolidline,whichisanirregularbrokenlinedrawnaccordingtothegroundelevationofeachpilepointonthemiddleline,reflectingthegroundfluctuationchangesalongthemiddlelineofthehighway.Desighedsurface設(shè)計線ground地面線Excavating挖方Filling填方Task32：ReadingroadprofilediagramThedesignsurfaceisrepresentedbyathicksolidline,reflectingtheupsanddownsofthehighwayroute.Thefillingheightcanbedeterminedbycomparingtherelativepositionofthedesignlineandthegroundline.任務(wù)32識讀公路路線縱斷面圖Desighedsurface設(shè)計線ground地面線Excavating挖方Filling填方地面線用細實線表示，是根據(jù)中線上各樁點的地面高程而點繪的一條不規(guī)則的折線，反映了沿著公路中線的地面起伏變化情況；設(shè)計線用粗實線表示，反映了公路路線的起伏變化情況。比較設(shè)計線與地面線的相對位置，可決定填挖高度。concavecurve凹曲線gradechangepoint變坡點convexcurve凸曲線concavecurve凹曲線Therearethreeslopechangepointsinthisfigure,amongwhichthepilenumberattherightmostslopechangepointisK6+940.Theelevationoftheslopechangeis141.51m,andthereisaconcaveverticalcurve(R=132000m,T=51.158m,E=0.109m).Task32：Readingroadprofilediagram任務(wù)32識讀公路路線縱斷面圖concavecurve凹曲線gradechangepoint變坡點本圖中有三個變坡點，其中最右側(cè)變坡點處樁號為K6+940，豎曲線中變坡點的高程為141.51m，設(shè)有凹形豎曲線（R=12000m，T=51.158m，E=0.109m)convexcurve凸曲線concavecurve凹曲線culvert涵洞構(gòu)造物Therearetwoculvertsonthefigure.ThepointofK6+430andK6+683metershaveareinforcedconcretecoverculvertwithaholeof32meters.本圖路線上共有兩處涵洞，K6+430和K6+683米處各設(shè)有一座一孔32米的鋼筋混凝土蓋板涵。Task32：ReadingroadprofilediagramBenchmark水準點Task32：ReadingroadprofilediagramExercise:Task32：ReadingroadprofilediagramContentsofdatatable路線縱斷面圖資料表的內(nèi)容Thedatadatatableoftheroadprofilediagramreflectstheelevation,theamountoffillingandexcavating,thegeologicalconditions,theslopeandthecoordinationbetweenthehorizontalcurveandtheverticalcurveofthelongitudinaldesignatpilenumber.Itisalignedupanddownwiththedrawingforeasyreading.路線縱斷面圖的測設(shè)數(shù)據(jù)表是反映縱向設(shè)計在各樁號處的高程、填挖方量、地質(zhì)條件和坡度以及平曲線與豎曲線的配合關(guān)系等，與圖樣上下對齊布置，以便閱讀。Thefollowinginformationcanbeknownbyreadingthedatatable:閱讀資料表部分主要了解以下信息:Geologicalsetting:reflectingthegeologicalconditionsofsectionalongtheroad.地質(zhì)概況：反映沿線各段的地質(zhì)情況。Milepostnumber:reflectingthemilepostnumberofalongtheline,fillingthemeasuredmilepostvalue.Pilenumbersarearrangedfromlefttoright.里程樁號：反映沿線各點的樁號，按測量的里程數(shù)值填入。樁號從左向右排列，在平曲線特征點的起點、中點、終點和橋涵中心點等處可設(shè)置加樁。Task32：ReadingroadprofilediagramContentsofdatatable路線縱斷面圖資料表的內(nèi)容Elevation:reflectingtheelevationofthedesignsurfaceandthepointsonthegroundline(pilenumber).標高：反映設(shè)計線和地面線上各點（樁號）的高程。Fillinganddiggingheight:reflectingtheabsolutevalueofthedifferencebetweenthedesignelevationandthegroundel