PAGE1-課時提能練(三十八)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·蘭州實戰考試)Markisalwaysengagedinhiswork.Butthistimehefeltthatitwastimeforhimtotakepartinhiscommunity，sohewenttotheneighborhoodmeetingafterwork.Theareacitycouncilwomanwasleadingadiscussionabouthowthequalityoflifewasonthedecline.Theneighborhoodfacedmanyproblems.Marklookedatthechartstapedtothewalls.Therewerechartsforparkingproblems，crime，andforproblemsinemptybuildings.Markreadfromthecharts，“Policepatrolscutback，illegalparkingup20%”．Peopleweresupposedtosuggestsolutionstothecouncilwoman.ItwastoomuchforMark.“Theproblemsaretoobig”，hethought.Heturnedtothemannexttohimandsaid.“Ithinkthisisawasteofmytime.NothingIcandowouldmakeadifferencehere.”Ashenearedthebusstoponhiswayhome，Marksawawomancarryingagrocerybag，andababy.AsMarkgotcloser，herotherchild，alittleboy，suddenlyranintothestreet.Thewomantriedtoreachforhim，butasshemoved，herbagshifted，andgroceriesstartedtofallout.Markrantotaketheboy'sarmandledhimbacktohismother.“Yougottastaywithyourmom，”hesaid.Thenhepickedupthestraygroceriesandthewomansmiledinrelief.“Thanks，”shesaid，“you'vegotgreattiming.”“Justbeingneighborly，”Marksaid.Asherodehome，heglancedatthewallsofthebus.Ononeofthemwas“Small_acts_of_kindness_add_up．”Marksmiledandthought，“Maybethat'sagoodplacetostart.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要敘述了Mark去參與社區會議時，發覺社區里存在很多問題，但他覺得自己對解決這些問題起不了多大作用。在回家的路上，他幫助了一個婦人，這件事情讓他變更了自己的看法。1．WhatwasbeingdiscussedwhenMarkarrivedattheneighborhoodmeeting?A．Thehighpriceofgroceries.B．Theeducationproblemofchildren.C．Theworseningofthequalityoflife.D．Thehousingconditionsinthecommunity.C[細微環節理解題。依據第一段中的“leadingadiscussionabouthowthequalityoflifewasonthedecline”可知，他們正在探討生活質量如何下降的問題。特殊是下文的一些細微環節也在示意著生活質量在變差，如“Theneighborhoodfacedmanyproblems”“forparkingproblems，crime，andforproblemsinemptybuildings”“Theproblemsaretoobig”等都說明白這個問題。故答案為C。]2．What'sMark'sopinionaboutthecommunityproblemsaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A．Peoplecouldsolvetheproblemsbythemselves.B．Hedidn'thavetheabilitytosolvesuchproblems.C．Hedidn'thaveenoughtimetosolvetheproblems.D．Peopleweretooselfishtohelpotherssolvetheproblems.B[推理推斷題。依據第一段中的“Ithinkthisisawasteofmytime.NothingIcandowouldmakeadifferencehere”可知，Mark認為探討這件事情是奢侈時間的，同時他覺得在這里他不能做什么產生影響的事情，這也就意味著Mark認為他沒有實力解決這些問題。故答案為B。]3．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“Smallactsofkindnessaddup”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Allsmallactswilladdtokindness.B．Everyoneshouldtryhisbesttodogooddeeds.C．Allsmallkindactscanmakepeoplegrowupquickly.D．Everyonecanplayhisownparttomakethingsbetter.D[句意理解題。依據上文內容可知，Mark幫助了一位鄰居，這個小小的友善的行為得到了鄰居的感謝。Mark覺得這是一個好的起先，每個人都能做好自己的部分使生活變得更好。故答案為D。]【干擾項分析】A選項意思是“全部小的行為都會增加友善”，與畫線句表達的意思不符，畫線句表示“友善的小行為會積少成多。”4．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Markalwaysplayedanactivepartincommunityactivities.B．Visualaidswereusedtodisplaytheseriousnessofproblems.C．Manypeoplewerediscouragedbytheproblemsfacedbythem.D．Thecitycouncilwomanwasresponsibleforthefallingoflifequality.B[推理推斷題。依據第一段中的“Marklookedatthechartstapedtothewalls”以及其次段中的“Asherodehome，heglancedatthewallsofthebus”可知，視覺上的協助工具能被用來顯示一些問題的嚴峻性。故答案為B。]B(2024·長春質檢)Canexerciseduringchildhoodprotectyouagainstmemorylossmanydecadeslater？Exerciseearlyinlifeseemstohavelifelongbenefitsforthebrain，inratsatleast.“Thisisananimalstudy，butitshowsthatphysicalactivityatayoungageisveryimportant—notjustforphysicaldevelopment，butforthewholelifelongtrackofcognitive(認知的)developmentduringaging，”saysMartinWojtowiczoftheUniversityofToronto，Canada.“Inhumans，itmaydelaytheappearanceofAlzheimer'sdisease(阿爾茨海默病)，possiblytothepointofpreventingit.”Wojtowicz'steamdivided80youngmaleratsintotwoequalgroups，andplacedrunningwheelsinthecagesofonegroupforaperiodofsixweeks.Aroundfourmonthslater—whentheratshadreachedmiddleage—theteamtaughtalltheratstoconnectanelectricshockwithbeinginaspecificbox.Whenplacedinthebox，theyfrozewithfear.Twoweekslater，theteamtestedtheratsinthreesituations：exactlythesameboxinthesameroom，thesameboxwiththeroomarrangeddifferently，andacompletelydifferentboxinadifferentroom.Theratswithoutaccesstoarunningwheelwhentheywereyoungnowfrozethesamepercentageoftimesineachofthesesituations，suggestingtheycouldn'trememberwhichonewasdangerous.Butthosethathadbeenabletorunintheiryouthfroze40to50percentlessinbothchangedboxsettings.“Theresultssuggesttheamountofphysicalactivitywhenwe'reyoung，atleastforrats，hasinfluenceonthebrainandcognitivehealth—intheformofbettermemories—whenwe'reolder，”saysArthurKramerofNortheasternUniversityinBoston，whohasfoundthat，inhumans，exercisepromotesthegrowthofnewbraincells.【語篇解讀】本文為說明文，介紹了一項科學探討，從而得出早期熬煉對大腦終生有好處的結論。5．Thestudyshowsthat________．A．physicalactivityisimportantforphysicalhealthB．usingtherunningwheelsisofbenefittotherats'growthC．physicalactivitycanpreventhumans'Alzheimer'sdiseaseD．themoreexercisearathaswhenyoung，thebettermemoryitwillpossesswhenolderD[細微環節理解題。依據第一段內容尤其是其次句“Exerciseearlyinlifeseemstohavelifelongbenefitsforthebrain，inratsatleast”可知，早期熬煉好像對大腦終生有好處，至少對老鼠來說是這樣的。故選D項。]6．HowareParagraphs3and4mainlydeveloped?A．Byanalyzingcauses.B．Bygivinganexample.C．Bydescribingtheprocess.D．Byshowingdifferences.C[寫作手法題。依據第三段的“Wojtowicz'steamdivided80youngmaleratsintotwoequalgroups...Aroundfourmonthslater...theyfrozewithfear”和第四段的“Twoweekslater，theteamtestedtheratsinthreesituations”可知，本文第三、四段描述了Wojtowicz的探討小組對老鼠進行試驗的過程。C項意為“通過描述過程”，故選C項。]7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A．Exercise. B．Development.C．Benefit. D．Study.A[代詞指代題。依據其次段的“butitshowsthatphysicalactivityatayoungageisveryimportant”及“Inhumans，itmaydelaytheappearanceofAlzheimer'sdisease(阿爾茨海默病)”可知，身體活動很重要，對人類來說，它可能會推遲阿爾茨海默病的出現。因此“it”在文中指的是“physicalactivity”，A項與其同義，故選A項。]8．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheanimalstudy?A．Negative. B．Objective.C．Critical. D．Doubtful.B[觀點看法題。通讀全文可知，作者介紹了對老鼠進行試驗的過程及其結果，并引用數據進行說明，由此可知作者對動物探討的看法是很客觀的。B項意為“客觀的”，故選B項。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·惠州調研)Asanolderstudentatyourschool，doyousometimesfeelakindofresponsibility？Iwasluckyenoughtobenamedoneofourprefects(級長)．My__1__hassofarmeantthatI'vehadtohelpwithschoolmeetings，events，andmany__2__acrosstheschool.Oneoftheeventswasasoccertournamentfor7thand8thyearprefectsinSeptember.Wehadto__3__asoccerteammadeupofseveralprefectsforthetournament.__4__atthesoccerfieldonthedayofthetournament，wewerefullof__5__thatour__6__andagewouldbeenoughforustowin.__7__，wehadunderestimated(低估)thesituation.Theyoungerstudentsquicklystarteddominatingus，and__8__beatus.Wewere__9__ofthecompetitionafterthefirstgame!Havingbeen__10__，werealizedthatoursizeandagereallydidn't__11__，astheyoungerstudentswerenotintimidated(威逼)．However，althoughweweredefeated，wewereabletotalktothe__12__studentsafterwards，whichwasquite__13__．Afterourpitifulattemptat__14__soccer，wehadtohelpreferee(裁判)thefinalfew__15__．Refereeingwasadifficulttask，asabad__16__couldcostateamthegame.__17__forme，therewerenoextremelydifficultdecisions.Afterrefereeing，wewereallgivendinnerandthestudentleadersandtheyoungerkidsall__18__together.AtthatmomentI__19__thetruejobofaprefect—wearehereto__20__theschool.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作為學校的一名級長，作者參與了學校實行的足球競賽，由此獲得了一些感悟。1．A.job B．cureC．enquiry D．opportunityA[依據下文中的“helpwithschoolmeetings，events”可知，這些是級長的工作內容。job“工作，職責”；cure“治愈”；enquiry“詢問”；opportunity“機會”。]2．A.activities B．teachersC．libraries D．professorsA[依據上文中的“meetings，events”可知，此處表示學校里的很多活動。故選A。]3．A.suspect B．formC．quarrel D．challengeB[依據語境可知，此處表示我們(作為級長)不得不組成一支球隊參與競賽。suspect“懷疑”；form“形成，組成”；quarrel“爭吵”；challenge“向……挑戰”。]4．A.Attending B．AimingC．Guiding D．ArrivingD[此處表示競賽那天我們來到足球場上。arriveat“到達，抵達”。]5．A.curiosity B．possibilityC．pity D．confidenceD[依據下文中“thatour__6__andagewouldbeenoughforustowin”的提示可知，我們充溢信念。curiosity“新奇心”；possibility“可能性”；pity“憐憫”；confidence“信念”。]6．A.mask B．strengthC．speed D．sizeD[依據下文中的“werealizedthatoursizeandage”可知，應選D項。mask“面具”；strength“力氣”；speed“速度”；size“大小，尺寸”。]7．A.Besides B．ThereforeC．Although D．HoweverD[依據下文中的“wehadunderestimated(低估)thesituation.Theyoungerstudentsquicklystarteddominatingus”可知，此處與上文提到的有信念贏得競賽形成轉折關系，故選D。]8．A.previously B．hardlyC．eventually D．firstlyC[依據語境可知，年輕的學生很快限制了競賽并最終取得了競賽的成功。previously“從前”；hardly“簡直不”；eventually“最終”；firstly“首先”。]9．A.knockedout B．knockedatC．knockedon D．knockedoffA[依據上文中的“Theyoungerstudentsquicklystarteddominatingus，and__8__beatus”可知，我們被淘汰(knockedout)了。]10．A.scolded B．defeatedC．blamed D．praisedB[依據上文中的“and__8__beatus”和下文中的“weweredefeated”可知，此處表示我們被擊敗。scold“責罵”；defeat“擊敗”；blame“指責”；praise“表揚”。]11．A.rise B．clarifyC．matter D．goC[在被擊敗之后，我們意識到體型和年齡并不重要。rise“升起”；clarify“澄清”；matter“重要”；go“去”。]12．A.senior B．youngerC．cleverer D．smarterB[依據語境可知，此處表示我們賽后和那些年輕的學生溝通。]13．A.anxious B．pleasantC．upset D．delightedB[賽后和那些年輕的學生溝通，那是令人開心的。anxious“令人憂慮的”；pleasant“令人開心的”；upset“懊喪的”；delighted“(人感到)興奮的”。]14．A.playing B．givingC．of