高鐵道岔表示電路故障處理天津鐵道職業技術學院鐵路信號基礎設備維護高速鐵路道岔轉轍設備機械、電氣故障（一）表示電路故障分析判斷道岔表示電路反映了道岔位置。道岔表示電路含有電源的兩個不同極性，平時可以通過測量X1與X2(或者X1與X3)端子間的交直流特性來判斷表示電路的故障和范圍。下面以定位表示為例進行分析。1.表示電路正常工作時，在分線盤端子X1與X2之間可以測到電壓交流60V左右，直流22V左右，X1中電流45mA左右。2.當表示電路故障時，X1與X2間無電壓，可通過測量室內R1電阻有無電壓來判斷故障性質。（1）R1上電壓105V左右，且發熱（或有電流）可以判斷為室外混線。（2）R1上無電壓，室內電源或電路開路。（3）X4室外開路，分線盤X1與X2之間電壓交流70V左右，直流38V左右。（4）X1室外開路，分線盤X1與X2之間電壓交流110V左右。（5）X2室外開路，分線盤X1與X2之間電壓交流105V左右，無直流。（6）室外表示接點、二極管、R2電阻開路同（5）。（7）X2與X1、X3、X4其中之一混線，X2中電流90mA左右。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment1.IndicatingcircuitfaultanalysisTheturnoutindicationcircuitreflectsthepositionoftheturnout.Theturnoutindicationcircuitcontainstwodifferentpolaritiesofpowersupply.Normally,thefaultandrangeoftheindicationcircuitcanbedeterminedbymeasuringtheAC/DCcharacteristicsbetweenX1andX2(orX1andX3)terminals.Thefollowingisananalysisofthepositioningindicationasanexample.1.Itmeansindicatesthatwhenthecircuitisoperatingnormally,thevoltagebetweenthebreakoutpanelterminalsX1andX2canbemeasuredatabout60VACand22VDC,andthecurrentinX1isabout45mA.2.Whenthecircuitfaultisindicated,thereisnovoltagebetweenX1andX2,andthenatureofthefaultcanbedeterminedbymeasuringthepresenceorabsenceofvoltageintheindoorR1resistor.MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment(1)R1onthevoltageofabout105V,andheat(orcurrent)canbejudgedasoutdoormixedline.(2)NovoltageonR1,indoorpowersupplyorcircuitbroken.(3)X4outdooropencircuit,thevoltagebetweentheterminalX1andX2about70VAC,about38VDC.(4)X1outdooropencircuit,voltagebetweenX1andX2AC110Vorso.(5)X2outdooropencircuit,thevoltagebetweenX1andX2splitterAC105Vorso,noDC.(6)Outdoorindicationcontact,diodeandR2resistanceopencircuitarethesameas(5).(7)X2andX1,X3,X4ShortCircuit,X2inthecurrentofabout90mA.Sinceeachthree-phaseACswitchmachinehasasetofindicatingcircuit,itisnecessarytoconfirmwhichswitchmachine'sindicatingcircuitisfaultyfirst,andthenlookdown.Onecangotothesideoftheswitchcombinationtoseetheswitchpositionindication,andtheonewithoutindicationisthefaultyone.Ifbothruttersareindicated,thetotalrelaycircuitintheoriginalturnoutcombinationisgenerallyfaulty.Iftherelayintheoriginalswitchmachinecombinationisalsoenergized,thenitistheelectriccircuitblockoftheindicatedlampandtheindicatedlamp.高速鐵路道岔轉轍設備機械、電氣故障3.表示電路正常工作時，在分線盤端子X1、X2(反位X2、X3)之間可測到約50V左右的交流電壓，22V的直流電壓。4.當表示電源故障，分線盤X1、X2測不到電壓時，可以測量電阻R1的電壓：當測不到電壓時是室內電源故障或斷線故障；當測到比較高交流電壓時（大約100V)，為外線混線故障。在室外轉轍機端斷開X4，分線盤X1、X2之間電壓有明顯提高，可以判斷是X2、X4混線，否則為X1、X2混線。5.當室外X1斷線時，在分線盤端子X1、X2之間測到的是輸出空載電壓，大約為交流110V，無直流成分。6.當X2斷線時，在分線盤X1、X2之間測到是電阻R1與DBJ串聯在表示變壓器II次側后，電阻R1的分壓大約為交流60V，無直流成分。7.當X4外線斷線時，在分線盤X1、X2之間測到電阻R1、R2與二極管Z串聯在變壓器II次側后，R2與二極管Z的分壓，交流為電壓65V，直流大約為35V。8.當X1、X4外線混線時，電路結構沒有變化，表示電路仍能正常工作，X1、X2仍可測到57V的交流電壓和22V的直流電壓。9.通過集中監測電流曲線判斷，在道岔動作到位后有一回流臺階，若無回流臺階，一般可判斷為道岔到位后轉轍機缺口未打下或密檢器缺口未打下。綜上，通過對分線盤X1、X2端子交直流電壓的測試，可以完成對表示電路故障性質、范圍的快速判斷。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment3.Whenthecircuitworksnormally,theACvoltageofabout50VandtheDCvoltageof22VcanbemeasuredbetweenterminalsX1andX2(reverseX2andX3)ofthedistributionpanel.4.Whenitindicatespowerfailure,thevoltageofresistanceR1canbemeasuredwhenthevoltageofdistributionpanelsX1andX2cannotbemeasured;whenthevoltagecannotbemeasured,itisanindoorpowerfailureordisconnectionfault;WhenarelativelyhighACvoltageismeasured(about100V),itisamixedlinefaultofexternallines.WhenX4isdisconnectedattheoutdoorswitchmachineend,thevoltagebetweenX1andX2ofthesplitterpanelissignificantlyincreased,whichcanbejudgedasX2andX4mixedline,otherwiseX1andX2mixedline.MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment5.WhenoutdoorX1isdisconnected,theoutputno-loadvoltagemeasuredbetweenthesplitterterminalsX1andX2isapproximately110VACwithnoDCpower.6.WhenX2isdisconnected,measuredbetweenthesplittingreelsX1,X2istheresistorR1andDBJinseriesafterindicatingthesecondarysideofthetransformerII,thevoltagedivisionoftheresistorR1isaboutAC60V,noDCpower.7.WhentheX4outerlineisdisconnected,theresistorR1,R2anddiodeZaremeasuredbetweenthesubpanelX1,X2inserieswiththediodeZafterthetransformerIIsecondaryside,R2anddiodeZvoltagedivision,ACforvoltage65V,DCisabout35V.8.WhentheexternallinesofX1andX4aremixed,thecircuitstructureremainsunchanged,indicatingthatthecircuitcanstillworknormally,andtheACvoltageof57VandtheDCvoltageof22VcanstillbemeasuredforX1andX2.9.Itcanbedeterminedthroughthecentralizedmonitoringcurrentcurvejudgmentthatthereisareturncurrentstepaftertheturnoutactioninplace,ifthereisnoreturncurrentstep,itcangenerallybejudgedastheturnoutinplaceaftertheswitchmachinegapisnotplayeddownorthesecretcheckergapisnotplayeddown.Insummary,bytestingtheACandDCvoltagesofX1andX2terminalsofthedivider,aquickjudgmentofthenatureandscopeoftheindicatedcircuitfaultcanbecompleted.高速鐵路道岔轉轍設備機械、電氣故障（2）定位向反位動作不正常（需在組合架觀察繼電器動作情況）。當確定道岔動作不正常時（尖軌或心軌不能動作），則故障在表示電路與動作電路的公共部分，應將道岔置于定位進行查找：①測量分線盤X1與X2端子，檢查有無交、直流電壓：a.無交流、直流電壓，說明室內組合架1DQJ到分線盤的X1斷線或1DQJF11到2DQJ111之間斷線；b.如交流、直流電壓均有，說明電動機W繞組、U繞組及X1電纜良好。故障可能在室內X4至2DQJ113之間。c.若有交流電壓且偏高但無直流，說明室外X1電纜、W繞組、U繞組、V繞組部分有問題，應到室外電纜盒及轉轍機進一步查找確定。②當測量分線盤X1與X2端子間交、直流電壓均有，應進一步測量分線盤X2與X4端子：a.如交、直流電壓均有，說明X4電纜及轉轍機11-12接點、V繞組均良好，故障在室內X；部分；b.如交、直流電壓均無，說明故障在X4電纜或轉轍機11-12接點或V繞組。2.故障現象：未操縱道岔，當列車通過時，尖軌定位表示中斷，但列車通過后，表示自動恢復。分析判斷：當列車通過時表示中斷，而列車通過后又自動恢復，這類故障一般在室外。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment(2)Thepositioningandreverseactionisabnormal(observetherelayactioninthecombinationframe).Whenitisdeterminedthattheturnoutactionisabnormal(switchrailorcenterrailcannotact),thefaultisinthecommonpartoftheindicationcircuitandactioncircuit,andtheturnoutshallbepositioned:①MeasuretheX1andX2terminalsofthedistributionpanel,checkthepresenceofACandDCvoltage:a.IfthereisnoAC,DCvoltage,indicatingthattheindoorcombinationframe1DQJtotheX1disconnectionor1DQJF11to2DQJ111betweenthedisconnection.b.IfACandDCvoltageareavailable,itmeansthemotorWwinding,UwindingandX1cablearegood.ThefaultmaybebetweenindoorX4and2DQJ113.c.IfthereisACvoltageandhighbutnoDC,itmeansthatthereareproblemsinoutdoorX1cable,Wwinding,UwindingandVwindingpart,whichshouldbefurtherfoundinoutdoorcableboxandswitchmachinetodetermine.MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment②WhenmeasuringtheACandDCvoltagebetweentheX1andX2terminals,theX2andX4terminalsshouldbefurthermeasured.a.IftherearebothACandDCvoltages,itmeansthatX4cableandswitchmachine11-12contactandVwindingaregoodandthefaultisinindoorX;part;b.IfneitherACnorDCvoltageispresent,itmeansthatthefaultisinX4cableorswitchmachine11-12contactorVwinding.2.Faultdescription:Iftheturnoutisnotunderoperation,andthetrainpasses,theswitchrailpositioningindicatesinterruption,butafterthetrainpasses,itindicatesautomaticrecovery.

Analysis:whenth