學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精Module3TheViolenceofNature功能Givingadefinition(下定義)Atornadoisarotatingcolumnofairfromathunderstormtotheground。Hurricanesarestrongtropicalstorms，andtheyusuallyoccurinthesouthernAtlanticOcean，theCaribbeanSeaandtheGulfofMexico。句型1．Onaverage，thereare800tornadoesintheUSeachyear,causingabout80deathsand1，500injuries.動詞的非謂語形式作狀語。2．Bythetimeitended,morethan700peoplehadbeenkilledand2，700hadbeeninjured。“Bythetime"引導的狀語從句。語法Ⅰ．過去完成時的被動語態（Pastperfectpassive）Ⅱ．間接引語（Indirectspeech）寫作寫一份關于自然災害的報道(Writingareportaboutanaturalevent）考點cause；occur；pickup;takeup；bythetime；where引導的定語從句；endup；aboveallHowtoSurviveanEarthquake?我們不能阻止地震，但我們卻可以讓地震帶來的損失降到最低。Wecan'tstopanearthquakefromhappening,butwecanreducethedamageitbringstous.Doyouknowwhattododuringareallybigearthquake？Expertshavelookedintothemattercarefully.Itmaybeworthyourwhiletolookoverthe5tipstheyhaveforus。1．Protectyourselffirst。Onceanearthquakehappens，protectyourselffirst.Ifyoucan’teasilyescapebygettingoutofthedoororwindow,stayinacornerandcoveryourheadandneckwithyourarms。Andthemostimportantthingistoprotectyourselffromfallingobjects。2．Whentheshakingstops，trytofindawayoutthroughadoororawindow.Also,tohelpothers，usesomethingtomakesureadoororwindowremainsopensotheycanalsoescape。3．Paniccanhurtyou。Ifyouareathomewhenanearthquakehappens，don’trushoutinapanic。Ifthereisenoughtimetoescape，youmustplacesomethingsuchaspillowsorbagsonyourhead，becausesomerooftiles（瓦），brokenglassandsignsmayfalldown。4．Makesuretheelectricityandgasareoffbeforeevacuation（撤離）．Accordingtosomeresearch，lotsofpeoplediefromfiredisasterafteranearthquake.What'smore，firemakesrescuemoredifficult.5．Worktogetheronrescueandfirstaid。Workwithyourneighbourstofreevictimswhoareunderdebris(瓦礫)orfallenfurnitureandtogivefirstaid.Beverycarefulifyouusethestairs，becausetheymighthavebeendamagedbytheearthquake。Thoughit'snotveryoftenthatweexperienceastrongearthquake，weshouldkeepitinmindtoalwayshopeforthebestbutpreparefortheworst.誘思探究What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“Panic”inPara.4?________________________________________________________________________Ⅰ．詞匯拓展1．______vt。經歷→______n.經驗；經歷→______adj.有經驗的2．______vt。埋葬→______n。埋葬;葬禮3．______vi。發生→______n。發生；出現4．______adj.猛烈的；激烈的；強烈的→______n。暴力5．______vt.毀壞→______adj。毀滅的；嚴重受損的6．______vt.(火山的)爆發;噴發→______n.爆發；噴發7．______adj。以前的→______adv。以前地8．______n。可能；可能性→______adj。可能的9．______adj.嚇人的;可怕的→______v。使驚嚇；使害怕10．______adj。積極的；活躍的→______n.活動Ⅱ．短語互譯1．____________去掉；脫下；走紅2．____________拾起；收聽；去接某人3．__________有史以來4．__________總共；總計5．____________結果為……；以……結束6．onaverage____________7．setfireto______________8．takeplace______________9．catchfire______________10．putout______________Ⅲ．重點句型1．Onaverage，thereare800tornadoesintheUSeachyear，______about80deathsand1，500injuries。平均來說，在美國每年有800次龍卷風，造成大約80人死亡，1500人受傷。2．Bythetimeitended,morethan700people__________________and2,700__________________。等到風停時，已有700多人死亡，2700人受傷.3．Bythelate1890s，hehadmovedtoGalveston，______hediedin1899，ayear______thehurricanestruck.到19世紀90年代后期，他已經搬到了加爾維斯頓，在颶風到來前一年,也就是1899年，他在那里去世。4．About500peoplewerekilledinthecityofSanFranciscoand250,000weremade______.在舊金山市大約有500人死亡,250000人無家可歸。在預習中還有哪些問題需要你在聽課時加以關注?請在下列表格中做個備忘吧！我的困難點我的疑惑點答案：主題導讀誘思探究：Fear基礎導練Ⅰ．1．experience；experience；experienced2．bury；burial3．occur;occurrence4．violent；violence5．ruin;ruined6．erupt；eruption7．previous；previously8．possibility；possible9．terrifying；terrify10．active;activityⅡ．1．takeoff2．pickup3．ofalltime4．inall5．endup6．平均為7．放火（焚燒）……8．發生9．著火10．撲滅Ⅲ．1．causing2．hadbeenkilled；hadbeeninjured3．where；before4．homelessSectionⅠIntroduction&ReadingandVocabularyⅠ．ReadthepassageonP23carefullyandfillintheblanks。TornadoesHurricanesWhatarethey？Tornadoesare1．________columnsofairfromthunderstormstotheground.Hurricanesarestrong2．________storms.Wheredotheyoccur?TheymainlyoccurintheareafromTexasinthesoutheastto3．________inthenorth。TheyusuallyoccurinthesouthernAtlanticOcean，theCaribbeanSeaandthe4．________。Howviolentcantheybe？Themostviolenthavewindsofmorethan5．________kilometresperhour.Thereareviolentwindsof6．________kilometresperhourormore,whichcausehugewaves,heavyrainand7．________.HowoftendotheyoccurintheUS？Onaverage，thereare8．________tornadoesintheUSeachyear.Thereareonaverage9．________Atlantichurricaneseachyear。TheworstoneItoccurredin1925,affectingthreeUSstatesandkillingover10．________peopleandinjuring2,700。Itoccurredonthe8thSeptember1900inGalveston，Texas，killing11．________peopleanddestroying3，600buildings.Astoryaboutthe1990GalvestonhurricaneBeforehemovedto12．________，CharlesCoghlanlivedinCanada.ThenhemovedtoGalveston，wherehediedin13．________.Hiscemeterywasdestroyedbythehurricaneandhis14．________endedupinthesea.15．________yearslater，thecoffinwasfoundintheeastofCanada.CoghlantravelledbacktoCanadaafterhehadbeenburiedinTexas！Ⅱ．ReadthepassageonP23carefullyagainandchoosethebestanswers。1．WhichstatementisNOTtrue?A．TheworsttornadoofalltimeoccurredintheUSin1925。B．HurricanesusuallyoccurinthesouthernAtlanticOcean,theCarribbeanSeaandtheGulfofMexico.C．HurricanesusuallyaffectthewestcoastoftheUS。D．TheIrishactor，CharlesCoghlan，diedoneyearbeforethe1900Galvestonhurricanestruck.2．In1925theworsttornadoofalltimeaffectedthefollowingUSstatesEXCEPT________.A．TexasB．MissouriC．IllinoisD．Indiana3．Onaverage，tornadoescauseabout________deathsand________injuriesintheUSeachyear.A．6,000；3，600B．6，000；37，000C．700；2,700D．80；1,5004．Whichofthefollowinghappenedmostrecently？A．TheworsttornadowhichaffectedthreeUSstates。B．TheworsthurricanewhichhappenedinGalveston。C．ThedestructionofCharlesCoghlan'scemetery。D．ThediscoveryofCharlesCoghlan'scoffin.5．WheredidCharlesCoghlanbecomefamous？A．InGalveston。B．InNewYork。C．InCanada。D．InIreland。1．Doyouknowanyonewhohasexperiencedoneoftheevents？（P21）你認識經歷過其中一個這樣事件的人嗎？experiencevt.經歷n.[U］經驗；[C]經歷Heexperiencedalotofdifficultiesdoingthatwork。做那項工作時他經歷了很多困難。Thoughhehaseverhadanexperiencewiththiskindofthing，hehasn'thadenoughexperienceforthejob。Afterall，heissoyoung.盡管他在這種事上有過一次經歷，但他仍沒有足夠的經驗擔當這項工作。畢竟，他太年輕了。by/fromexperience憑經驗experiencedadj.有經驗的；經驗豐富的;熟練的beexperiencedin..。在……方面有經驗（1)根據中文提示完成句子①Shehasnocooking______（經驗）．②Pleasetellusofyour______(經歷)whileinAfrica.③Haveyouever______（體驗）realhunger？（2）單項選擇Mikehaslearnedalotfromhis______ofworkingindifferentgymsandisnowanexpertonallkindsof______.A．experience；equipmentB．experience;equipmentsC．experiences；equipmentD．experiences；equipments2．Doyouknowanythingabouttheevents?Forexample，whatcausesthem？（P21)你知道有關這些事件的事情嗎？比方說，什么引起了它們？causevt.引起；導致n。原因；起因;理由；事業Smokingcancauselungcancer.吸煙可導致肺癌.Thewoundisn’tserious，butmaycausesomediscomfort.傷口并不嚴重，但可能會引起一些不適。What’sthecauseoftheplanecrash?飛機失事的起因是什么？causesb。todosth.使某人做某事causesb。sth.給某人招致某事causeandeffect因果關系thecauseof。。。……的起因試舉例說明cause與reason的不同。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：cause指造成某事的直接原因，后常接of介詞短語或不定式；reason指從邏輯推理上得出的原因，后常接for引導的介詞短語或定語從句。Carelessnessisthecauseoftheterribleaccident。Idon'tbelievethereasonforhisbeinglate.（1)根據中文提示完成句子①The______(原因）ofthefirewasunknown.②What'sthe______（原因）foryourhurry？（2)單項選擇Accordingtotherecentresearch，heavycoffeedrinkingandheartattackisnotnecessarily______andeffect.A．reasonB．influenceC．factD．cause3．buryvt.（P22）埋葬；埋藏；使專心于Manymenwereburiedwhentherewasanaccidentatthemine.礦上發生意外事故時，許多礦工被埋在了地下。Letthedeadburythedead.［諺］既往不咎；不念舊惡；過去的事，就讓它成為過去吧.HeburiedhimselfinreadingwhenIsawhim。當我看見他的時候,他正埋頭讀書.buryoneselfin＝beburiedin專心干;埋頭干burysth.in/at。..將某物埋葬在……buryone’sfaceinone'shands雙手捂臉（1）根據中文提示完成句子①Hesatatthetable,____________（專心做作業)．②He______thegold______________（把……埋在地下）．（2）單項選擇MrRichardhasn’tgotanytimetoplaygolfthesedays，becauseheis______intheresearchofbirdlanguage.A．devotedB．concentratedC．buriedD．spared4．AlmostallofthemoccurintheUS，intheareafromTexasinthesoutheasttoSouthDakotainthenorth。(P23,Para.1）幾乎所有的龍卷風都出現在美國,從東南部的得克薩斯州延伸到北部的南達科塔.occurvi.發生；突然出現Theaccidentoccurredyesterdaymorning.事故發生在昨天上午。Agoodideaoccurredtohim.他突然想到一個好主意。sth.occurstosb.某人想起……（occurto＝strike/hit）eq\b\lc\\rc\}（\a\vs4\al\co1(Itoccurstosb。todosth。,Itoccurstosb。that...)）某人想到……occur，happen，comeabout與takeplace（1）occur較正式用語，可表示事件偶然發生，與happen互換;也可表示按計劃使某事發生或產生效果，與takeplace同義；當表示“想起，想到”時,用occur不用happen。Theseeventsoccurredin1909。這些事件發生于1909年.（2）happen為常用詞語，指“一切客觀事物或情況的偶然或未能預見的發生”.Theaccidenthappenedyesterday.事故發生在昨天。（3)comeabout意為“發生，產生”，指需要解釋或說明事情發生的理由。常與how連用.Howdidthesedifferencescomeabout?這些差別是怎么產生的？Ourproblemscameaboutbecauseweignoredtheadviceofexperts。由于忽視專家的建議,我們遇到了問題。（4）takeplace指“事先計劃或預想到的事件發生”。Themeetingtookplaceat8：00amasplanned.按計劃會議在上午8點鐘舉行了。（1）用happen,comeabout,takeplace與occur的正確形式填空①Whenwillthesportsmeeting____________?②AtthattimeI____________tohavenomoney。③Anexcellentidea____________tomewhenIwokeupthismorning。④Doyouknowhowtheairaccident__________yesterdaymorning?（2）單項選擇Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim______hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice。A．whetherB．whereC．whichD．that5．Tornadoescanpickupcars，trainsandevenhousesandputthemdowninthenextstreet—oreveninthenexttown.（P23，Para。2）龍卷風能卷起汽車、火車，甚至房子，把它們卷到旁邊的街道——甚至能卷到鄰近的城鎮。pickup拾起;拿起；偶然得到（或學到、找到)；收聽到；搭載；恢復（健康）;好轉；（碰巧或廉價地）買到；加速Shekeptpickingupmagazinesandputtingthemdownagain。她不斷地把那些雜志拿起來又放下.Ifyousingitseveraltimes，yourchildrenwillbegintopickupthewords.如果你把它唱幾遍，你的孩子們就會不知不覺地學會歌詞。ImanagedtopickupanAmericannewsbroadcast.我設法收聽到一家美國電臺的新聞廣播。Myhusbandwillpickyouup.我丈夫將去接你。Hepickedupgraduallyafteralongillness。久病之后，他逐漸地恢復了健康。圖示pickout精心挑選;辨別pickoff去除；剪除pickat磨蹭著吃；小口吃（1）用適當的介、副詞填空①It’seasyformyradiotopick______VOAEnglish.②Thesickwomanjustpicked______thefoodhebrought。Shedidn'twanttoeatmore.③Ifyouhavetimeattheweekend,wouldyouliketopick______thebikeforyourbirthday?(2）單項選擇It’ssurprisingthatyourbrother______Russiansoquickly—hehasn’tlivedthereverylong.A．pickedupB．lookedupC．putupD．madeup6．Theycantakethefuroffthebackofacatandthefeathersoffachicken。(P23，Para.2)龍卷風能把貓背上的毛和雞身上的羽毛吹得干干凈凈.takeoff脫掉；摘掉；起飛；成功；休假;迅速流行；大受歡迎Theboytookoffhisclothesandwenttobed。男孩脫掉衣服上床去睡了。Theplanetookoffanhourago.飛機一個小時前起飛了.Hisbusinessistakingoffaftergoingthroughthefinancialcrisis.經歷了經濟危機后，他的事業正逐漸取得成功.HetooktwoweeksoffinAugust。他在八月份休了兩個星期的假。請同學們根據下面表格提示，掌握take短語答案：①寫下；記下②呈現③吸收；欺騙④占據；從事⑤收回⑥隨身攜帶單項選擇—Haveyouheardthestoryof“TheMerchantofVenice”？—No.Whenandwheredoesthestory______?A．takeupB．takeonC．takeplaceD．takeoff7．Bythetimeitended，morethan700peoplehadbeenkilledand2，700hadbeeninjured。(P23，Para。3）等到風停時，已有700多人死亡，2700人受傷.本句中的bythetime作連詞用，引導時間狀語從句，意為“到……為止”。其用法為:（1)如果其引導的從句用一般過去時，主句則用過去完成時。Bythetimeshewas15，shehadwrittenthreelongnovels。到15歲時,她已經寫了三部長篇小說。Bythetimewereachedhome，hehadalreadyleftforwork.當我們到家時,他已經去上班了。（2）如果其引導的從句用一般現在時，主句則常用將來完成時.BythetimethisletterreachesyouIwillhaveleftthecountry.當你收到這封信時,我將已離開這個國家了。Bythetimethenextmeetingstarts，wewillhavefinishedtheconstruction。到下次會議開始的時候，我們將已完成建設.（1）用括號內動詞的適當形式填空①Theexperiment______________（finish)bythetimetheprofessorcamein.②Bythetimeyoucomeheretomorrow,I__________________________（leave）．(2）單項選擇①Itissaidthattheoldcoins______undertheearthforabout100yearsbythetimetheywerediscovered。A．hadburiedB．hadbeenburiedC．buriedD．wereburied②HewillhavelearntEnglishfor8yearsbythetimehe______fromtheuniversitynextyear.A．willgraduateB．willhavegraduatedC．graduatesD．istograduate8．Bythelate1890s，hehadmovedtoGalveston,wherehediedin1899，ayearbeforethehurricanestruck。（P23，Para.7）到19世紀90年代后期,他已經搬到了加爾維斯頓。在颶風到來的前一年，也就是1899年,他在那里去世。(1）結構剖析：where引導定語從句，先行詞是Galveston；ayearbeforethehurricanestruck是1899的同位語.Soonhereturnedtohishometown，wherehelivedwithhismother,anoldladyrespectedbyallforherkindness.不久,他就回到家鄉，和母親住在了一起。他的母親年紀大了，樂善好施，深受眾人尊敬。（2)strikevt。，vi.&n.（雷電、暴風雨等)襲擊；（疾病的)侵襲；打擊；撞擊；使突然想起；打動;給……留下印象；報時Theviolenthurricanestruckthecityatmidnight.猛烈的颶風在半夜襲擊了這個城市。Strikewhiletheironishot.（諺）趁熱打鐵。Anawfulthoughthasjuststruckme.剛才我腦子里突然閃過一個可怕的念頭。Theclockstruckthree。鐘敲響了三點。strikesb。in/onthe＋身體部位擊/打中某人某部位bestruckby被……吸引/打動sth.strucksb。某人突然想到某事Itstrikes/strucksb。that某人突然想到……strike，beat與hit（1)strike指用手或手中的東西給予一次打擊或無目的的打擊。（2)beat指連續地、反復地打,但未表明打得多重或用什么打.（3）hit指有目標地重重一擊.hit也可作名詞用，表示“打擊，打，碰撞,（演出等）成功”.圖示strike可表示“使……想起”，occur也有此意,試問如何區分其用法？________________________________________________________________________答案：strike后直接跟賓語sb.；occur后跟tosb.。如：Aplanstruckmeimmediately.相當于：Aplanoccurredtomeimmediately。（1）用strike，hit或beat完成句子①Theyputapieceofwetpaperontopofthecharactersand______itlightly。②Thestone______himonthehead.③Whenweheardourteam______theJapaneseteamwe______thedrumsexcitedly。④WhenIgothome，theclockwas______seven.（2）單項選擇Thechurchclockbeganto______twelve.A．beatB．hitC．strikeD．touch9．ThecemeterywhereCoghlanwasburiedwasdestroyedbythehurricaneandCoghlan'scoffinendedupinthesea.(P23，Para.7）科格倫的墓地被颶風毀壞了，他的靈柩被卷入了大海。endup結果為……；以……結束；后常跟v..ing,adj.，以及介詞with，in,as。Thepartyendedupwithabeautifulsong.晚會以一首優美的歌曲收尾。Afteryearsofhardwork，heendedupasamanager.經過多年的努力，他最后成了一名經理。end（up）with以……結束start/beginwith以……開始end（up)in以……告終；有……結局endupas最后成為……（1）用with，in,as填空①Ifyougoonlikethis，you'llendup______prison。②Hepractised