專業(yè)英語四級（閱讀）模擬試卷3（共9

套）

（共169題）

專業(yè)英語四級（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套

一、選擇題（本題共10題，每題1.0分，共10分。）

Americansoftensaythatthereareonlytwothingsapersoncanbesureofinlife:death

andtaxes.Americansdonothaveacorneronthe"death"market,butmanypeopleleel

thattheUnitedStatesleadstheworldwiththemosttaxes.Taxesconsistofthemoney

whichpeoplepaytosupporttheirgovernment.Therearegenerallythreelevelsof

governmentintheUnitedStates:federal,state,andcity;therefore,therearcthreetypes

oftaxes.Salariedpeoplewhoearnmorethanafewthousanddollarsmustpayacertain

percen-tageoftheirsalariestothefederalgovernment.Thepercentagevariesfrom

persontoperson.Itdependsontheirsalaries.Thefederalgovernmenthasagraduated

incometax,thatis,thepercentageofthetax（14to70percent）increasesasaperson's

incomeincreases.Withthehighcostoftaxes,peoplearenotveryhappyonApril15,

whenthefederaltaxesaredue.Thesecondtaxisforthestategovernment;NewYork,

California,NorthDakota,oranyoftheotherforty-sevenstates.Somestateshavean

incometaxsimilartothatofthefederalgovernment.Ofcourse,thepercentageforthe

statetaxislower.Otherstateshaveasalestax,whichisapercentagechargedtoanyitem

whichyoubuyinthatstate.Forexample,apersonmightwanttobuyapacketof

cigarettesfortwenty-fivecents.Ifthereisasalestaxofeightpercentinthatstate,then

thecostofthecigarettesistwenty-sevencents.Thisfigureincludesthesalestax.Some

statesuseincometaxinadditiontosalestaxtoraisetheirrevenues.Thestatetaxlawsare

diverseandconfusing.Thethirdtaxisforthecity.Thistaxcomesintwoforms:property

tax（pcoplcwhoownahomehavetopaytaxesonit）andexcisetax,whichischargedon

carsinacity.Thecitiesusethesefundsforeducation,policeandfiredepartments,public

worksandmunicipalbuildings.SinceAmericanspaysuchhightaxes,theyoftenfeelthat

theyareworkingonedayeachweekjusttopaytheirtaxes.Peoplealwayscomplain

abouttaxes.Theyoftenprotestthatthegovernmentusestheirtaxdollarsinthewrong

way.Theysaythatitspendstoomuchonuselessandimpracticalprograms.Although

Americanshavedifferentviewsonmanyissues,theytendtoagreeononesubject;taxes

aretoohigh.

1、Whatdoesthesentence"Americansdonothaveacorneronthe'death5market"in

Paragraph1mean?

A、Americanscannotmonopolizethe"death"market.

B、Americansdonothaveasecretplacetokeepfromdeathintheirlife.

C^Americansarenotgoodatdoingbusinessinthe"death"market.

D、Thereisnosuchaplaceasa"death"marketintheU.S.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

2、WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaboutthepercentageofthefederaltaxandthe

statetax?

A^Theyhavethesamepercentage.

B、Thepercentageofthestatetaxishigherthanthatofthefederaltax.

C、Thepercentageofthefederaltaxishigherthanthatofthestatetax.

D^Itisnotmentionedinthepassage.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

3、WhichofthefollowingusagesofthetaxesisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

A、Forraisingtheirrevenues.

R、Forpublicworksandmunicipalbuildings.

C>Forpoliceandfiredepartments.

D、Forsustainingdevelopment.

標準答案：D'

知識點解析：暫無解析

AccordingtotheAmericanCollegeHealthAssociation'smostrecentannualnational

survey,30percentofcollegestudentsreportedfeeling'sodepressedthatitwasdifficult

tofunction"atsometimeoverthepastyear.Nearlythreefourthsofrespondentsina

2011NationalAllianceonMentalIllnessstudyofcollegestudentsdiagnosedwithmental

healthconditionssaidtheyexperiencedamentalhealthcrisiswhileinschool.The

AmericanswithDisabilitiesAct(ADA)andotherfederaldisabilitylawsprohibit

discriminationagainststudentswhosepsychiatric(精神病的)disabilities"substantially

limitamajorlifeactivity"andmandatesthatcollegesanduniversitiesprovidethemwith

"reasonableaccommodations”—suchaslowercourseloadsandextendeddeadlines.

Despitethatveryclearlystatedlaw,dozensofcurrentstudentsacrossthecountrytold

Newsweektheywerepunishedforseekinghelp:kickedoutofcampushousingwith

nowhereelsetogo,abruptlyforcedtowithdrawfromschoolandeveninvoluntarily

committedtopsychiatricwards."Collegesareveryaccustomedtoaccommodating

learningandphysicaldisabilities,buttheydon'tunderstandsimplewaysof

accommodatingmentalhealthdisabilities,nsaysProfessorPeterLake,anexperton

highereducationlawandpolicywhoseeswidespreadfearandreluctanceacrossthe

boardto"promotediversitythatencompassesmentaldisabilitiesandmooddisorders.'*

Lakeoftentellsskepticsaboutamanwhosufferedfromclinicaldepressionand

constantlytalkedaboutsuicide:HisnamewasAbrahamLincoln."Wedon'twantto

removethesepeople,"Lakesays."Wewanttoexpandthedefinitionofdiversitytomake

surethey'reincluded."Mostlifetimecasesofmentalhealthconditionsbeginbytheage

of24,andthankstoavarietyoffactors,includingrisingantidepressanl（抗抑郁

藥）prescriptionratesandstigmareductionefforts,collegestudentsaremoreandmore

likelytoaskcampuscounselorsforassistance.Thenumberofstudentsseeking

counselingfor"severe"psychologicalproblemsjumpedfrom16percentin2000to39

percentin2012;thepercentageofstudentswhoreportsuicidalthoughtshasrisenalong

withit."Schoolsshouldencouragestudentstoseektreatment.ButalotofpoliciesIsee

involveexcessiveuseofdisciplineandinvoluntaryleavesofabsence,andthey

discouragestudentsfromaskingforthehelptheyneed,nsaysKarenBower,aprivate

attorneywhospecializesindisabilitydiscriminationcasesinhighereducation.

"Ultimately,thatmakesthecampuslesssafe."Twolarge-scalestudiesfoundthataround

10percentofcollegestudentrespondentshadthoughtaboutsuicideinthepastyear,but

only1.5percentadmittedtohavingmadeasuicideattempt.Combinedwithdatafrom

otherstudies,thatsuggeststhattheoddsthatastudentwithsuicidalthoughtswillactually

commitsuicideare1,000to1.“Thus,policiesthatimposerestrictionsonstudentswho

manifestsuicidalthoughtwillsweepin999studentswhowouldnotcommitsuicidefor

everystudentwhowillendhisorherlife,"PaulS.AppelbaumwritesinLaw&

Psychiatry:"Depressed?GetOut!n"Collegesdon'twantpeoplewhoaresuicidalaround,

sowhat'ssupposedtohappentothem?"saysIraBurnim,legaldirectoroftheDC

BazclonCenterforMentalHealthLaw.HWe'regoingtolocktheminabombshelter?"

Kickingstudentsoffcampusformentalhealthissuestypicallydoesmoreharmthangood

byisolatingthemfromtheirsupportsystemswhenwhattheyreallyneedisstabilityand

empathy,hesays.Moreover,it'softenacompletelyunnecessaryoverreaclion.

4、Studentswithmentaldisabilitiesmightbepunishedinthefollowingways

EXCEPT.

A、gettingoutofcampusdorms

B、droppingoutofschools

C、stayinginpsychiatricwards

D、prolongingacademicyears

標準答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

5、Increasingcollegestudentsturntoprofessionalcounselorsforhelpbecause.

A^greateffortshavebeenmadetoweakenthefeelingofdisgrace

B、itisencouragedtodecreasethedoseofmedicine

C、itismoreeconomicalforstudentswithoutincome

D^mentalhealthconditionsbecomemoreseverethanbefore

標準答案：A

知識點解析：細節(jié)題。艱據(jù)第三段第一句可知，多虧一些因素，包括抗抑郁處方受

眾率的提高及減少歧視的努力，大學生越來越愿意向咨詢師尋求幫助，故選［A］,

同時排除［B］。［C］和［D］均未提及,故可排除。

6、AccordingtoParagraph5,itcanbeconcludedthat.

A^suicideshouldbetakenasthemostseriousissue

B>10%ofthestudentshavemadeasuicideattempt

C>mostofthestudentswithsuicidalthoughtwillneverdoit

D^schoolsshouldimposesevererestrictionsonthesuicideissue

標準答案：C

知識點解析：推理題。第五段第二句提到，與其他的研究數(shù)據(jù)結合起來看，這一差

距說明，在有過自殺想法的人中，只有千分之一的人最終自殺了，故選［0。［A］在

文中并未提及，故排除；根據(jù)第五段第一句可知，有大約10%的大學生受訪者曾

想過自殺，同時，僅有1.5%的人坦然承認曾有過自殺的嘗試，故排除［B］；［D］在

文中并未提及，故排除。

ConservativecommentatorCharlesKrauthammer'snewbookisflyingofftheshelves

andnobodyknowsexactlywhy.SittingatoptheNewYorkTimesnonfictionbestseller

listfortwomonthsnow,theconservativeWashingtonPostcolumnist'sThingsThat

Matter:ThreeDecadesofPassions,PastimesandPolitics,acollectionofhiswritings,is

notthekindoffiery,rashconservativecommentarythatgenerallyclimbstothetopofthe

bestsellers'lists.Andyet,thecollectionhassoldenoughtomakepublicistsand

pundits（時事評論員，）alikescratchtheirheads.Itis,asconservativepublisherAdam

BellowtoldNewsweek,"aphenomenon".PublishedOctober22byCrownForum,a

RandomHouseimprintthatspecializesinconservativeauthors,itfirsthittheTimes

bestsellerlistinNovember.Wiihiniwoweeks,ithadsurpassedihelatestworksof

conservativesGlennBeckandFoxNews'sBillO'ReillyandBrianKilmeadetoclimbto

No.1.Andthereitremains.ItranksNo.8onAmazon'slistofbest-sellingbooksof

2013.AccordingNielsen,thebookhassold601,000hardcovercopiesintheUnited

Statesalone.CrownsaysThingsThatMatterisinits18thprinting,with970,000copies

inprint."WasIsurprised?Iwassurprised,“saidBellow,whorunsHarperCollins's

conservativeimprintBroadsideBooks."Thecollectivewisdominpublishingisthat

anthology（選集）collectionsdon'tsell."TheKrauthammercompendium（概略）appearsto

besurfingaparticularlyviciouswave.Theconservativepublishingindustryhas

flourishedinrecentyearsandbooksbyconservativeauthorsroutinelymakethe

bestsellers*lists.ButfewbookssellasmanyasKrauthammer's,particularlyanthologies

ofpreviouslypublishedwork,"Anythingatthatlevelislargelyserendipitous,"Bellow

said.Success,itseems,begetsevenmoresuccess."Onceabookbecomesnumberoneon

thebestsellerlist,itfunctionsasaformofadvertising,"Bellowexplained."More

copiesarestockedatBarnes&Noble.Whenconsumerswalkintothestore,theyseebig

pilesofthemand,likeinsomeexperimentcreatedbyB.F.Skinner（theAmerican

psychologistwhoarguedthatfreewillisanillusion）,theyreachoutandbuyit."But

whenyougettotheheadylevelKrauthammerhasreached,itbeginstolookasifitisfar

morethanjustthemarketingmachineatwork.Andtherearcalmostasmanytheories

aboutKrauthammer'ssuccessasbookssold.Howyoufeelaboutthebook'spopularity

largelydependsonhowyouviewtheauthor.Tomany,Krauthammerisathinking

conservative,incontrasttotheblusterofthemodern-dayTeaPartyandquick-firefigures

likeRushLimbaughandGlennBeck.Tothosewhoaretryingtomakesenseoftherise

oftheconservativemovement,Krauthammer'ssuccessisatriumphfortemperate,smart

conservatism.Americansthirstyforasubtle,intellectualdebatearebuyinghisbookin

droves.

7、AdamBellowbelievesallofthefollowingstatementsEXCEPT.

A^thesuccessofThingsThatMatterisaphenomenon

B、thesuccessofThingsThatMatterissurprising

C、anthologycollectionsdon'tsellusually

D、conservativeauthorsrarelymakethebestsellers*lists

標準答案：D

知識點解析：細節(jié)題。艱據(jù)第七段第二句可知，近幾年，保守派出版市場變得繁榮

起來，保守派作家的書時常登上暢銷書榜單，所以［D］”保守派作者的作品鮮少登上

暢銷榜單''的表述錯誤，而且這也不是貝婁的觀點，故選［D］。根據(jù)第三段可知，貝

婁稱該文集的暢銷已經成為一種現(xiàn)象，故排除［A|；根據(jù)第六段首句可知，貝婁對

于文集的暢銷感到驚訝，故排除［B］；根據(jù)第六段最后一句可知，貝婁認為，出版

界的集體經驗是，文集的銷路不會太好，故排除［C］。

8、ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph9that.

successiscloselyrelatedtoadvertising

B、beingthebestselleritselfcandrawpublicattention

C、Barnes&Nobleisapublishinghouse

D、consumersbuybooksaccordingtoB.F.Skinner'sadvice

標準答案：B

知識點解析：推理題。根據(jù)第九段第二句可知，貝婁解釋到：當這本書成為最暢銷

的作品時，這一事實如同廣告的效果一樣?？梢酝浦?，成為暢銷書這一事實本身就

可以引發(fā)關注，故選|B］。［A］“成功與廣告有著密切的關系”，文中沒有提及，故排

除；根據(jù)第九段后半部分可知，Barnes&Noble是一家書店，排除［C］：［D］”消費者

買書時依據(jù)B.F.斯金納的實驗結果”，文中未提及，故排除。

Thecoldisbadenough,butwinter'sshorterdaysmaketheseasonadowner,tosaythe

least.Buthowrealisseasonalaffectivedisordcr(knownasSAD)?SADisoftenacaich-

alltermtodescribethewinterdumps,butexpertssayit'softenmisusedandthecondition

isactuallylesscommonthanpeoplethink."Therearealotofmyths.SADisnotamyth.

Itisamentaldisorderthatisincompletelyunderstoodandalsosomethingthatis

complicatedbyquestionsabouttheroleofevolutionarybiology,nsaysDr.Jeffrey

Lieberman,thepresidentoftheAmericanPsychiatricAssociation.Thatdiagnosisis

differentfromthelowsthatmanyfeelduringthewintermonths.Infact,researchshows

manypeopleoverestimatetheimpactofseasonsontheirmoodsingeneral.Whereisthe

linebetweenSADandthesimpledoldrums?Howmuchwintersadnessistheproductof

amood-baseddisorder,andhowmuchisanaturaloutcomeofbeingcoopedupindoors?

SADisconsideredasubtypeofamooddisorderlikedepressionorbipolardisorder(躁郁

癥),soaverysmallpercentageareactuallydiagnosedwithit.Inordertomeetthe

qualificationsforaSADdiagnosis,accordingtotheMayoClinic,anindividualmustbe

showthefollowing:depressionandothersymptomsforaminimumoftwoconsecutive

yearsduringthesameseason;depression-freeperiodsfollowingepisodesofdepression;

unexplainedbehaviorandmoodchanges.Formostothercasesofseasonalmood

changes,Liebermansaysmakingsomelifestylechangessuchasexercisingorkeeping

goodsleepinghabitscanhelp."It'simportanttorealizethatjustlikepeopleonMondays

havephysicalandemotionalsymptoms,youdealwithit.Youdon'ttakeatreatmentfor

Mondays."Itonlywarrantstreatmentwhenitstartstointerferewithdailylife,hesays.

Whataboutthebrightlightlampsthatclaimtorelievedepressionduringthedarker

months?They'rebasedontheideathatlighttherapycanboostmelatonin（褪黑激

素）levcls,andalsoserotonin（血清素）inthebrain——higherlevelsofserotoninbetween

nerveconnectionscanhaveanti-depressiveeffects.Butasappealingasthatsounds,

Liebermansaysthereisn'tsolidevidencebehindit."Lighttherapyisnotafake,butthe

evidenceisnotthatstrong,"hesays."Butsinceit'snotinvasive,italsoisn*tharmful^

exceptperhapstoyourbudget.HSoifyou'renotfeelingyourusualcheerfulselfthis

winter,seeyourdoctor.Ifhedoesn'tdiagnoseyouwithSAD,tryaddingsomephysical

activitytoyourdayandgettingregularsleep.Andrememberthatspringisjustafew

monthsaway.

9、WecanlearnfromthepassagethatSADis.

A、acommonconditionamongpeople

B、atermreferringtothewinterdumps

C、atermnotbeingtotallyunderstood

D^atermofevolutionarybiology

標準答案：C--

知識點解析：細節(jié)題。第二段提到，SAD是一種沒有被完全理解的精神障礙，也

是被進化生物學的作用豆雜化了的問題，故選［0,同時排除［D］。根據(jù)第一段第一

句可知，SAD經常泛指冬季低谷期，但是，專家稱這個概念常被錯誤地使用，這

種情況實際上并沒有人們想象的那么普遍，故排除［A］和［B］。

10、AccordingtoParagraph5,whichofthefollowingisCORRECT?

A^Itisnecessarytolookfortreatmentwhenmoodchanges.

B、Exercisingisbeneficialtoeaseseasonalmoodchanges.

C>PeopleshouldkeepagoodmoodonMondays.

D^Seasonalmoodchangeswillnotinterferewithdailylife.

標準答案:B

知識點解析：細節(jié)題。第五段第一句提到，對于季節(jié)性情緒變化的很多其他案例來

說，嘗試一些生活方式的改變也有所幫助，比如鍛煉、保持良好的睡眠習慣。由此

司知，鍛煉對于減輕季節(jié)性情緒變化有好處，故選［B］。根據(jù)第五段最后一句可

知，當其開始影響日常生活的時候，才需要治療，故排除［A］：［C］和［D］文中沒有

提及，故均排除。

二、簡答題（本題共5題，每題1.0分，共5分。）

II、PASSAGEONE

標準答案：Complainingandprotesting.

知識點解析：從文章第三段最后一句Withthehighcostoftaxes,peoplearenotvery

happyonApril15,whenthefederaltaxesaredue.和最后一段中的Peoplealways

complainabouttaxes.Theyoftenprotestthat…可以看出，美國人常常抱怨而額稅

務，并抗議政府亂花納稅人的錢，因此Complainingandprotesting為正確答案。

12、PASSAGETWO

標準答案：Itwillmakethesestudentslackthesupport.

知識點解析：最后一段遑到，艾拉?伯尼姆認為把精神健康有問題的學生踢出學校

的做法弊大于利，這就任他們隔離于可以提供支援的系統(tǒng)之外，他們真正需要的是

安定感和同理心。而且，這常常是一種完全沒有必要的過度反應。故IIwillmake

thesestudentslackthesupport為正確答案。

PASSAGETHREE

13、Whatdoestheword"serendipitous"inParagraph8mean?

標準答案：Incidental.

知識點解析：第八段開頭提到，沒有幾本書的銷量可以和克勞特哈默的作品相媲

美，尤其是與之前的文集相比。緊接著提到，貝婁說：“這一水平的任何事物在很

大程度上”可見，serendipilous在這里應該表達“偶然的”之意，故Incidenlal為

正確答案。

14、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsCharlesKrauthammer'snewbook?

標準答案：Neutral.

知識點解析：縱觀全文可知，本篇文章講述的是保守派作家的新書《重要事情》的

良好市場表現(xiàn)及其原因，但是從行文來看，作者的態(tài)度不偏不倚，比較客觀，故

Neutral為正確答案。

15、PASSAGEFOUR

標準答案：Thetruthaboutseasonalaffectivedisorder.

知識點解析：本文依次講述了SAD的基本狀況、診斷依據(jù)和治療手段，由此可

知，本文主旨是對SAD真實情況的科學普及，故Thetruthaboutseasonalaffective

disorder為正確答案。

專業(yè)英語四級（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套

一、選擇題（本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。）

DuringmyfirstsevensemestersasamedicalstudentatGadjahMadaUniversityin

Yogyakarta,Indonesia,Ispentmostofmylimestudyingandinclassrooms.Irarely

spokewithrealpatientsinahospitalsetting.ThenlastyearIstartedvisitingthe

neurologywardatDr.SardjitoHospital.Iwasgatheringdataformythesis,an

assessmentoftheoralcontraceptive（避孕的）pillasariskfactorforischemicstrokes（缺

血性中風）.Thistypeofstrokeisthemostcommonanditoccursasaresultofan

obstructionwithinabloodvesselsupplyingbloodtothebrain.AtthehospitalIwould

reviewthemedicalrecordsofnewlyadmittedstrokepatients,theninterviewthemtofind

outiftheyweretakingthepill.Itwasaslowprocess.Onecold,rainyeveninglast

October,Iwasintheneurologywarddesperately"hunting"forthefinalthreepatients1

neededtocompletemystudy.Therecordsshowedthattherewasa43-year-oldstroke

patient,whomIwillcallMs.A,intheward.Holdingapatientquestionnaire,Iwalked

towardsherroom.Ididn'tseeanydoctorsornurses;thewardwasquiet.Ms.A'sroom

hadeightbeds.Ms.Awaslyingonbed,clearlystillweakasshewasstillrecovering

fromherrecentstroke.Therewerenorelativesorfriendswithher.Eventhebedbeside

herwasempty.Isatdownonachairnexttoherbed,andinalowvoiceIintroduced

myselfandaskedhowshewasdoing.Shesoftlyrepliedthatshewasgettingbetterbut

theleftsideofherbodywasstillweak.WhenItoldherthatIwantedtogathersome

additionalinformationfromher,sheagreed.Thequestionnaireconsistedofthreesimple

yes-or-noquestions.AfterIfinished,IpreparedtoleavesoIcouldgothroughmore

medicalrecords.BeforeIcouldstandup,Ms.Aspokeupinherweakvoice.Shetoldme

thatshehadthreechildreninprimaryschool,whowerestayingwithaneighbour."My

husbanddiedayearagoandI'mthesolebreadwinnerofmyfamily.Wcarcnotrichand

mypayasacleanerisexactlyenoughformeandmykids."Ididn'tknowwhattosay.

Lookingintohereyes,Idesperatelytriedtorememberthelessonsfromacommunication

skillsclassIhadtakenafewyearsearlier,butmymindwasblank.Icursedmyselffor

notpayingmoreattention.Withoutrealizingit,IhadbegunholdingMs.A'shand.SinceI

didn'thaveanythingtosay,Ijustsatquietlywhileshecalked.That'swhenitoccurredto

methatshewasnotexpectinganyreplyfromme.Shejustwantedmetolisten.

1、Accordingtothepassage,theauthor.

A^wasadoctorofDr.SardjitoHospital

B、wasreceivingstroketreatmentinahospital

C、wasgoodatdealingwithstrokepatients

D^wascollectinginformationforherpaper

標準答案：D」

知識點解析：暫無解析

2、WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaboutMs.A9

A、Sheacceptedtheauthor'srequestofinterview.

B、Shelivedalonewithoutanyrelativesorfriends.

C^Shewasthemostseriouspatientinthehospital.

D、Shelivedwiththreeotherpatientsinoneroom.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

TypeDpersonality,firstdefinedinthe'90s,ischaracterizedbyfeelingsofnegativity,

depression,anxiety,stress,anger,andloneliness.TypeDpersonalitiessweatthesmall

stuffandoftenexpecttheworst.Theyhavetroublemakingfriendsandoftenhavelow

self-esteem.Theyaretense,chronicallyangry,andoverreacttostressfulsituations?(hey

alsotendtoconcealtheirfeelingsfromothersoutoffearofrejection.About20percent

ofhealthyAmericansareTypeD's,asareuptohalfofpeoplebeingtreatedforheart

problems,saysstudyauthorJohanDcnollet,apsychologistatTilburgUniversityinthe

Netherlands.Dcnollctandhiscolleaguesanalyzed49previousstudiesinvolvingmore

than6000peopleandfoundthatTypeDspellstrouble-especiallyforheartpatients,

whohadagreaterriskofdyingiftheyhadthispersonalitytype,comparedtonon-D's."It

reallyaddsweighttotheargumentthatthiscore,hostilepersonalityisaconcern—or

oughttobeaconcern—forpeoplewhohaveit,"saysBarryJacobs,aclinical

psychologistandAmericanHeartAssociationspokesman."Ifyouperceivethingsina

particularlyskewed,negativeway,yourbodywillbecomemorereactiveovertime,and

therewillbelong-termhealthconsequences."Inpreviousresearch,Dcnolletstudied

nearly300heartpatientsinacardiacrehabilitation（心臟病康復）programandfoundthat

27percentofthoseclassifiedasTypeDdiedwithineightyears（mostlyofheartattacks

andstrokes）,comparedtc7percentofthenon-D's.ThelinkbetweenTypeDpersonality

andpoorhealthoutcomesismostlikelydrivenbyitshighstresslevels,Denolletsays.

UnlikeTypeA'swhovent,TypeD's一whodon'ttendtospeakupforthemselvesor

expresstheiremotions-havenooutletfortheirstress.StresscauseshighCortisol（皮質

醉）levels,which,inturn,canelevatebloodpressureandleadtochronic,arterj^

damaginginflammation.Behaviorprobablyplaysarole,too,saysDenollet,sinceType

D'sarelesslikelytoexercise,quitsmoking,andareratherbadat"complyingwith

treatmentprograms.Andbecausethey'retypicallytenseandinsecureinsocialsituations,

TypeD'smayalsoshyawayfromseekingmedicalcareorprefernottodiscuss

worrisomesymptomswiththeirdoctors.A14-questionscaleisusedtodetermine

whetherfolkshaveTypeD.Butyoucanaskyourselfthefollowingquestions:Doyou

oftenfeelunhappy?Isyourviewoftheworldgloomy?Areyouoftenirritated,orina

badmood?Doyoumakeabigdealoutofunimportantissues?Isitdifficultforyouto

startconversations?Doyoutendtokeeppeopleatadistance?Answeringyestoseveral

mayclueyouinthatyouneedtomakesomechanges.

3、Denollet'sstudyonheartpatientswasmentionedto.

A^opposethefindingsofthe49previousstudies

B、showTypeDpersonality'sinfluenceonthem

C、indicatethenecessityforclinicalpsychologists

D^showtheTypeD'sriskingettingheartproblems

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

4、WhatdoesstressmeantoTypeD's?

ANAnoutletfbrtheirfeelings.

B、Moreexerciseandlesssmoking.

C^Acauseofhighbloodpressure.

D、Morediscussionswiththeirdoctors.

標推答案.C

知識點解析：暫無解析

5、WhichofthefollowingchangesisgoodforTypeD's?

A、Focussingonunimportantissues.

B>AvoidinDgseekinDgmedicalcare.

C>Learningtosmoketomakemorefriends.

D^Beingpatientforsomethingthatoffendsyou.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

Ayearago,monetaryunionlookedasifitwasheadingforcertaindeath,withthe

Europeanbankingsysteminapparentmeltdownandextremedivergenceinmonetary

conditionsacrossthesinglecurrencyarea.Inallbutname,monetaryunionhadalready

ceasedtoexist.ActionbytheECB(EuropeanCentralBank),firstwiththecash-for-dcbt

LongTermRefinancingOperationand,morerecently,thepromiseofunlimitedbond

purchases,hassucceededinstillingthewaters,atleasttosomedegree.EvenaGreekexit

seems,forthetimebeing,tobeoffthetable.Withmoreausterity,Berlinseemsminded

togiveGreeksanotherchance—untilthenextbail-out,inanycase.But,thoughthe

singlecurrencymayhavebeensavedfromimminentdeathontheoperatingtable,it

seemsnowtobeheadingforascarcelymoreappetisingalternative-aconditionof

chronic,long-termillnesswherestillverytightmonetaryconditionsinmanypartsofthe

eurozoneincombinationwithlockstepausteritythreatentoinduceavirtuallypermanent

stateofdepression.EvenGermanyshowseverysignofslippingbackintoeconomic

contraction.ForBritain,stillreliantasitisonsomesortofarecoveryinEuropeantrade

toseeitthroughitsownausterityprogram,therecouldscarcelybeasetofcircumstances

lesshelpfultolong-termrecoverythanthis.NewresearchbyDawnHollandand

JonathanPortesoftheNationalInstituteofEconomicandSocialResearchhasconfirmed

whathaslongbeensuspected—thatco-ordinatedfiscalconsolidationacrossmanyEU

countrieshasnotonlyhadasubstantiallylargernegativeimpactongrowththan

expected,buthasalsohadtheveryreverseconsequencetotheoneintendedbyraising

ratherthanloweringdebt-to-GDPratios.Youneedtobealittlebitcarefulwiththese

findings,whicharesomewhatself-serving.UnderJonathanPortes,theNationalInstitute

haspositioneditselfverymuchonthestimulussideoftheausterity-versus-stimulus

debate.Thisisapaperthatsetsouttoprovethatthepoorgrowthperformanceofmost

EUcountries,includingtheUK,isprimarilydowntofiscalausterity.Nonetheless,the

numbercrunchingseemstoberobustenough,andit'shardtodisagreewiththepaper's

centralfindingthatfiscalmultipliersaremuchlargerthaninmorenormaltimeswhen

consolidationisconductedcollectivelyandintoconditionsofanalreadydepressed

economy.Evenso,thepapersuffersfromone,ratherglaring,omission.Whetheryouare

onthebigorsmallstatesideoftheargument,thereisnodoubtthatfiscalconsolidationis

urgentlyneededinmuchoftheeurozoneperiphery(夕卜圍),andsomepartsofthecoreas

well.

6、Accordingtothepassage,actionbytheECB.

A、madetheEuropeanBankingSystemceasetoexist

B、letBerlindecidetobreakwithGreeceimmediately

C、hasapositiveeffectontheEuropeanBankingSystem

D^causedextremedivergenceacrossthesinglecurrencyarea

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

7、AstoBritain,arecoveryinEuropeantrade.

A^threatenstoinduceastateofdepression

B、ishelpfulforitseconomicdevelopment

C、involvesaconditionoflong-termillness

D、willmakeGermanycooperatewithit

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

8、WhichofthefollowingisanideaheldbyJonathanPortes?

A、Britain^poorgrowthperformancewasduetofiscalausterity.

B、HisfindingsarenotsuitableforthecountriesliketheUK.

C^MostEUcoun