專升本英語（閱讀理解）模擬試卷23

一、閱讀理解（本題共25題，每題7.0分，共25分。）

Therearctwomainchangescomparingwiththepast.First,therearcnewdefinitionsof

whatmancanachieve,ofwhatahumanstandardoflifeshouldbe.Inrecenttimesthis

hasbeenparticularlytruesincetechnologyhasconsistentlybroadenedman'spotential,it

hasmadealonger,healthier,betterlifepossible.Thus,intermsofwhatistechnically

possible,wehavehigheraspirations.Thosewhosufferlevelsoflifewellbelowiho/n

thatarcpossible,eventhoughtheylivebetterthanmedievalknights（「口世名己騎士）or

Asianpeasants,arepoor.Relatedtothistechnologicaladvanceisthesocialdefinitionof

poverty.TheAmericanrichinHongKongorinthesixteenthcenturyarepoorhereand

nowintheUnitedStates.Theyaredispossessedinlermsofwhslihereslof【henations

enjoy,inleirnsofwhalihesocietycouldprovideifithadihewill.Theyliveonthe

fringe,themargin.Theywatchthemoviesandreadthemagazinesofaffluent（豐富

fl\J）American,andthesewilltellthemthattheyareinternalexiles（放逐）.Andfinally,one

ofthereasonsthattheincomefiguresshowfewerpeopletodaywithlowincomesthan20

yearsagoisthatmorewivesareworkingnow,andfamilyincomehasrisenasaresult.In

1940,15%ofwiveswereinthelaborforce;in1957thefigurewas30%.Thismeansthat

therewasmoremoneyand,presumably（大概）,lesspoverty.Yetatremendousgrowthin

thenumberoftheimpoverishment（貧窮）o「homelife,ofchildrenwhoreceivelesscare,

love,andsupervision.Thisonefact,forinstance,mightwellplayasignificantroleinthe

problemsoftheyounginAmerica.Itcouldmeanthatwehavemadeanimprovementin

incomestatisticsatthecostofhurtingthousandsandthousandsofchildren.Ifaperson

hasmoneybutachievesthisthroughmortgagingthefuture,whoistosaythatheorsheis

nolongerpoor?

1、Inrecenttimes,asfarastechnologyisconcerned,thosewhoarepoor.

A^livebetterthanAsianpeasants

B、leadbetterlivesthanmedievalknights

C、cannotachievethelivingstandardthattechnologycanmake

D^havenoaspiration

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：C選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的意思與第一段最后一句中的“…sufferlevelsoflifbwell

belowthosethatarepossible',一致，故選C（參見難句分析）。A^B雖然正確，但不是

就技術(shù)而言的，所以排除：D為干擾項(xiàng)，原文第四句中出現(xiàn)了“wchavchighcr

aspiration-,但這里的we是一個(gè)寬泛的概念，不是只針對(duì)富人或窮人而言的，跟

題干所問的不相干。

2、Inthesecondparagraph,"theyarcinternalexiles"implies.

A、theirinternalfeelingsaredifferentfromtherestofnation

B>theyarediscriminatedbytherestofthenation

C>theyareexcessivelylonelythanpeopleinothercountries

D^theycan'tenjoywhattherestofthenationdoconcerningwhatthesocietyprovides

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：將線索定位在第:段最后一句中的“theyareinternalexiles”就可以得出

D項(xiàng)正確（參考難句分析）。A、B是根據(jù)internalexiles的字面意思得出的錯(cuò)誤理

解；C是對(duì)exile的錯(cuò)誤理解。

Theso-calledAmericanpoorcanonlybedefinedby.

A、technology

Americansocialbackground

C^thelivingstandardintheU.S.

D、thelivingstandardofHongKong

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從文章第一段最后一句及第二段可知，美國所謂的窮人是以美國本身

的生活水平來劃分的。第二段第一句“對(duì)于貧窮的社會(huì)定義是和這種科技進(jìn)步聯(lián)系

在一起的“，這里講的是定義“貧窮”時(shí)需要考慮到科技進(jìn)步的因素，因此科技只是

影響“貧窮”的一個(gè)因素而不是決定因素，所以排除A；B項(xiàng)從字面上看講得通，但

文中未提到社會(huì)背景方面的內(nèi)容，而且生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)僅是社會(huì)背景的一個(gè)方面；D項(xiàng)

“香港的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”顯然不對(duì)。

4、MorewomenareworkinginAmerica,whichmeans.

A、improvementofallaspectsofpeople'slives

B、fewerpeoplearepoorintheU.S.today

C>thenation'seconomygrowsrapidly

D、therisingoffamilyincomes

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第二段第一句：婦女參加T作的結(jié)果是家庭收入增加可知答

案應(yīng)選D。A項(xiàng)是說人民生活各個(gè)方面的提高，與原文內(nèi)容不符；選項(xiàng)B中的

poor沒具體交代是哪一方面，在一個(gè)國家的不同時(shí)期，是否“貧窮”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是不同

的，更多婦女參加工作，家庭收入增加，不能直接得出貧窮人口更少的結(jié)論；C項(xiàng)

原文未提及。

5、Whichofthefollowingsentencesbestdescribesthelastparagraph?

A、Womenareplayingalessimportantroleineducatingchildren.

B、It'sreallyunnecessaryfbrwomentowork.

C^Improvementinincomeatthecostofthehappinessofchildrendoesn'tmeanrich.

D、Problemsoftheyoungwillbesolvedifwomendonotwork.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第三段中說婦女參加工作使得家庭收入增加，但卻以傷害成千上萬兒

童的幸福為代價(jià)。最后一句是對(duì)該段的總結(jié)，也為該段的主旨，與選項(xiàng)C相符。A

項(xiàng)這一說法本身正確，但不全面；B"婦女有沒有必要出去工作”和D“如果婦女不工

作就可以解決孩子的問題”原文未提及。

Whenaconsumerfindsthatanitemsheorheboughtisfaultyorinsomeotherwaydoes

notliveuptothemanufacturer'sclaimforit,thefirststepistopresentthewarranty,or

anyotherrecordswhichmighthelp,atthestoreofpurchase.Inmostcases,thisaction

willproduceresults.However,ifitdocsnot,therearcvariousmeanstheconsumermay

usetogainsatisfaction.Asimpleandcommonmethodusedbymanyconsumersisto

complaindirectlytothestoremanager.Ingeneral,the"higherup"theconsumertakeshis

orhercomplaint,thefasterheorshecanexpectittobesettled.Insuchacase,itis

usuallysettledintheconsumer'sfavor,assumingheorshehasajustclaim.Consumers

shouldcomplaininpersonwheneverpossible,butiftheycannotgettotheplaceof

purchase,itisacceptabletophoneorwritethecomplaintinaletter.Complainingis

usuallymosteffectivewhenitisdonepolitelybutfirmly,andespeciallywhenthe

consumercandemonstratewhatiswrongwiththeiteminquestion.Ifthiscannotbe

done,theconsumerwillsucceedbestbypresentingspecificinformationastowhatis

wrong,ratherthanbymakinggeneralstatements.Forexample,"Theleftspeakerdoes

notworkatallandthesoundcoiningoutoftherightisunclear"isbetterthan"This

stereo（立體聲音響）doesnotwork."Thestoremanagermayadvisetheconsumerto

writetothemanufacturer.Ifso,theconsumershoulddothis,statingthecomplaintas

politelyandasfirmlyaspossible.Butifapolitecomplaintdoesnotachievethedesired

result,theconsumercangoastepfurther.Sheorhecanthreatentotakethesellerto

courtorreportthesellertoaprivateorpublicorganizationresponsibleforprotecting

consumers'rights.

6、Whenaconsumerfindsthathispurchasehasafaultinit,thefirstthingheshoulddo

isto.

A、complainpersonallytothemanager

B、threatentotakethemattertocourt

C、writeafirmletterofcomplainttothestoreofpurchase

D^showsomewrittenproofofthepurchasetothestore

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:根據(jù)文章第一段中thefirststepistopresentthewarranty（保單），orany

otherrecordswhichmighthelp,atthestoreofpurchase,故選Do

7、Ifaconsumerwantsaquicksettlementofhisproblem,it'sbettertocomplain

to.

A、ashopassistant

B、thestoremanager

C、themanufacturer

D、apublicorganization

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第二段中istocomplaindirectlytothestoremanager.In

general,the“higherup"iheconsumertakeshisorhercomplaint,thefasterheorshe

canexpectittobesettled,故選B。

agoisthatmorewivesareworkingnow,andfamilyincomehasrisenasaresult.In1940,

15%ofwiveswereinthelaborforce;in1957thefigurewas30%.Thismeansthatthere

wasmoremoneyand,presumably,lesspoverty.Yetatremendousgrowthinthenumber

oftheimpoverishmentofhomelife,ofchildrenwhoreceivelesscare,love,and

supervision.Thisonefact,forinstance,mightwellplayasignificantroleintheproblems

oftheyounginAmerica.Itcouldmeanthatwehavemadeanimprovementinincome

statisticsatthecostofhurtingthousandsandthousandsofchildren.Ifapersonhas

moneybutachievesthisthroughmortgagingthefuture,whoistosaythatheorsheisno

longerpoor?

1KInrecenttimes,asfarastechnologyisconcerned,thosewhoarepoor.

A、livebetterthanAsianpeasants

B>leadbetterlivesthanmedievalknights

C、cannotachievethelivingstandardthattechnologycanmake

D、havenoaspiration

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：C選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的意思與第一段最后一句中的“…sufferlevelsoflifewell

belowthosethatarcpossible^一致，故選C（參見難句分析）。A、B雖然正確，但不

是就技術(shù)而言的，所以排除；D為干擾項(xiàng)，原文第四句中出現(xiàn)了“wehavehigher

aspiration",但這里的we是一個(gè)寬泛的概念，不是只針對(duì)富人或窮人而言的，跟

題干所問的不相干。

12、Inthesecondparagraph,"theyareinternalexiles"implies.

theirinternalfeelingsaredifferentfromtherestofnation

B、theyarcdiscriminatedbytherestofthenation

C、theyareexcessivelylonelythanpeopleinothercountries

D^theycan'tenjoywhattherestofthenationdoconcerningwhatthesocietyprovides

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：將線索定位在第二段最后一句中的“theyareinternalexiles”就可以得出

D項(xiàng)正確（參考難句分析）。A、B是根據(jù)internalexiles的字面意思得出的錯(cuò)誤理

解；C是對(duì)exile的錯(cuò)誤理解。

13、Theso-calledAmericanpoorcanonlybedefinedby.

A^technology

B、Americansocialbackground

C、thelivingstandardintheU.S.

D、thelivingstandardofHongKong

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從文章第一段最后一句及第二段可知，美國所謂的窮人是以美國本身

的生活水平來劃分的。第二段第一句“對(duì)于貧窮的社會(huì)定義是和這種科技進(jìn)步聯(lián)系

在一起的“，這里講的是定義“貧窮”時(shí)需要考慮到科技進(jìn)步的因素，因此科技只是

影響“貧窮，，的一個(gè)因素而不是決定因素，所以排除A；B項(xiàng)從字面上看講得通，但

文中未提到社會(huì)背景方面的內(nèi)容，而且生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)僅是社會(huì)背景的一個(gè)方面；D項(xiàng)

“香港的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”顯然不對(duì)。

14、MorewomenareworkinginAmerica,whichmeans.

A^improvementofallaspectsofpeople'slives

B、fewerpeoplearepoorintheU.S.today

C、thenation'seconomygrowsrapidly

D、therisingoffamilyincomes

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第三段第一句：婦女參加工作的結(jié)果是家庭收入增加可知答

案應(yīng)選D。A項(xiàng)是說人民生活各個(gè)方面的提高，與原文內(nèi)容不符；選項(xiàng)B中的

P。。!?沒具體交代是哪一方面，在一個(gè)國家的不同時(shí)期，是否“貧窮”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是不同

的，更多婦女參加工作，家庭收入增加，不能直接得出貧窮人口更少的結(jié)論；C項(xiàng)

原文未提及。

15、Whichofthefollowingsentencesbestdescribesthelastparagraph?

A、Womenareplayingalessimportantroleineducatingchildren.

B、It'sreallyunnecessaryforwomentowork.

C、Improvementinincomeatthecostofthehappinessofchildrendoesn'tmeanrich.

D、Problemsoftheyoungwillbesolvedifwomendonotwork.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C'」

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第三段中說婦女參加工作使得家庭收入增加，但卻以傷害成千，萬兒

童的幸福為代價(jià)。最后一句是對(duì)該段的總結(jié)，也為該段的主旨，與選項(xiàng)C相符。A

項(xiàng)這一說法本身正確，但不全面：B”婦女有沒有必要出去工作”和D“如果婦女不工

作就可以解決孩子的問題”原文未提及。

OnestudyshowsthatAmericansprefertoanswerwithabrief"Yes","No","Sure"for

theverypopular"Yeah"ratherthanwithalongerreply.Butbriefrepliesdonotmean

Americansareimpoliteorunfriendlytosomeextent.Veryoften,Americansareina

hurryandmaygreetyouwithasingleword"Hi",indeed;thisisagreetingyouwillhear

againandagainduringyourstayintheUnitedStates.Itisusedbyeveryone,regardless

ofrank,ageoroccupation.However,[hosewhoareaccustomediolongergreetingsmay

requirealittlemoretimebeforetheyfeelcomfortablewithAmericansimpletalk.

Americanssometimesuseplaintalkwhentheyarcuncomfortable.Ifpeoplepraisethem

orthanktheminanespeciallypoliteway,theymaybecomeuncomfortableandnotknow

whattosayinreply.Theydon'twanttobeimpoliteorrude,andyoucanbesurethat

theylikedwhatwassaidaboutthem.Exceptforcertainholidays,suchasChristmas,

Americansdon'tusuallygivegifts.Thus,youwillfindAmericansembarrassedasthey

acceptgifts,especiallyiftheyhavenothingtogiveinreturn.Theyaregenerallyawarm

butinformalpeople.

16、ThefactthatAmericanslikeshorteranswerstellsus.

A^theyreplyveryquicklyinahurry

B、theychoosewordstoocarefully

C、theylikereplyingbriefly

D^theywanttobeaspoliteastheycan

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文中第一句提了“OnestudyshowsthatAmericansprefertoanswerwitha

briefYes','No','Sure',ortheverypopular4Yeah'ratherthanwithalongerreply.”

一次調(diào)查顯示美國人更喜歡用簡短的回答，與C項(xiàng)相符，A項(xiàng)在文中也可找到，

但是并不符合題意。B、D兩項(xiàng)在文章中都未提及。

17、Thosewholikeusingbeautifulorformalwords.

A、needmoretimetogetusedtoAmericansimplegreeting

B、neednolimetogetfamiliarwithAmericangreeting

C^donotverymuchlikeAmericanwayofgreeting

D、thinkAmericansarenotpolitewhatever

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A_

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第一段最后一句說，“thosewhoareaccustomedtolongergreetingsmay

requirealittlcmoretimebeforetheyfeelcomfortablewithAmericansimpletalk”“那些習(xí)

慣了較長問候的人們可能需要更長一些時(shí)間來適應(yīng)美國人簡短的談話”，所以A項(xiàng)

符合題意。

18、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A、Americansoftenanswerwiththewordslike"Sure","Yeah1*.

B、Theyarenotimpolitewithbriefreplies.

C、Americansinhighranksmustuseformalwordsingreeting.

D、Americansareawarmbutinformalpeople.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考查考生對(duì)文章的理解。第一段倒數(shù)第二句說“Itisusedby

everyone,regardlessofrank,ageoroccupalion.”“人們不分官職、年齡或是職業(yè)，

都使用簡短的對(duì)話。”C項(xiàng)說“美國高官職的人都必須用正式用語”，與文章不符。

A、B和D三項(xiàng)都可以從文章第一段中找到依據(jù)。故選C。

19^TheAmericanslikeothers*praisebutifinapoliteway.

A、theydon'tknowwhattosayinreply

B、theyfeelsomewhatuneasy

C、theydon^wanttoreply

D、bothAandB

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第二段的第二、三句說"Ifpeoplepraisethemorthanktheminan

especiallypoliteway,theymaybecomeuncomfortableandnotknowwhattosayin

reply.”“如果有人用一種很禮貌的方式贊揚(yáng)或是感謝美國人的話，他們會(huì)感到不自

在，而且不知如何應(yīng)答?！盇項(xiàng)說“他們不知如何應(yīng)答”，B項(xiàng)說“他們感到不舒服/

不自然“，都符合題意，C項(xiàng)在原文中找不到依據(jù)。

20>Thepassageindicatesthat.

A、Americansexchangegiftsthefirsttimetheymeet

B、Americansseldomgivegiftsexceptforsomeholidays

C、Americansoftenbringsomegiftstotheirfriends

D^Americansonlywanttogetgiftsfromothers

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考查考生對(duì)全文意思的把握。第二段第四句說“Exceptforcertain

holidays,suchasChristmas,Americansdon'tusuallygivegifts.”“除了像圣誕節(jié)這

樣的節(jié)日之外，美國人不經(jīng)常送禮物。”與B項(xiàng)相符合。A、C和D三項(xiàng)都在原文

中找不到依據(jù)，所以不正確。

Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatimportance.The

innerworkingsofourownbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,but

custom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatterof

fact,itistheotherwayaround.Traditionalcustom,takentheworldover,isamassof

detailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverinindividual

actions.Yetthatisarathertrivial（微不足道的）aspectofthematter.Thefactoffirst-rate

importanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandinbeliefandthe

verygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithpristineeyes.

Heseesiteditedbyadefinitesetofcustomsandinstitutionsandwaysofthinking.Even

inhisphilosophicalprobinghecannotgobehindthesestereotypes;hisveryconceptsof

thetrueandthefalsewillstillhavereferencetoparticulartraditionalcustoms.John

Deweyhassaidinallseriousnessthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavior

oftheindividualasoveragainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditionalcustom,isas

theproportionofthetotalvocabularyofhismothertongueoveragainstthosewordsof

hisownbabytalkthataretakenupintothelanguageofhisfamily.Whenoneseriously

studiessocialordershavehadtheopportunitytodevelopindependently,thefigure

becomestomorethananexactandmatter-of-factobservation.Thelifehistoryofthe

individualisfirstandforemostanadjustmenttothepatternsandstandardstraditionally

handeddowninhiscommunity.Fromthemomentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichhe

isbornshapehisexperienceandbehavior.Bythetimehecantalk,heisthelittlecreature

ofhisculture,andbythetimeheisgrownandabletotakepartinitsactivities,itshabits

arehishabits,itsbeliefshisbeliefs,itsimpossibilitieshisimpossibilities.

21、Theauthorthinksthereasonwhycustomhasbeenignoredintheacademicworldis

that.

A、customrevealsonlythesuperficialnatureofhumanbehavior

B、thestudyofsocialorderscanreplacethestudyofcustom

C、peoplearcstillnotawareoftheimportantrolethatcustomplaysinformingtheir

worldoutlook

D、customhaslittletodowithourwaysofthinking

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第一段第二句"Theinnerworkingsofourownbrainswefeeltobe

uniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavior

atitsmostcommonplace.”可知，人們認(rèn)為人腦內(nèi)剖活動(dòng)雇得研究，而認(rèn)為風(fēng)俗傳

統(tǒng)只是最常見的行為。由此說明人們認(rèn)為前者重要，后者不重要，因此不對(duì)其進(jìn)行

學(xué)術(shù)研究，所以C正確。

22、WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoJohnDewey?

A^Anindividualcanexerciseverylittleinfluenceontheculturaltraditionintowhichhe

isborn.

B、Customisthedirectresultofthephilosophicalprobingsofagroupofpeople.

C、Anindividualisstronglyinfluencedbytheculturaltraditionevenbeforeheisborn.

D、Customrepresentsthecollectivewisdomwhichbenefitstheindividual.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干關(guān)鍵詞JohnDewey定位至第二段第四句"JohnDeweyhassaid

inallseriousness