專升本英語（閱讀）模擬試卷27

一、閱讀理解（本題共20題，每題7.0分，共20分。）

TheUnitedStatesisacountrymadeupofmanydifferentraces.Usuallytheyarcmixed

togetherandcan'tbetoldonefromanother.Butmanyofthemstilltalkaboutwheretheir

ancestorscamefrom.Itissomethingtheyareproudof.TheoriginalAmericans,of

course,weretheIndians.Theso-calledwhitemenwhothencameweremostlyfrom

England.ButmanycamefromothercountrieslikeGermanyandFrance.Oneproblem

theUnitedStateshasalwayshadisdiscrimination.AsnewgroupscametotheUnited

Statestheyfoundtheywerediscriminatedagainst.FirstitwastheIrishandItalians.Later

itwastheblacks.Almosteverygrouphasbeenabletoeventuallyescapethis

discrimination.Theonlyimmigrantswhohavenotarc【heblacks.Surprisinglyenough

theworstdiscriminaliontodayisshowntowardstheIndians.OnereasontheIndiansare

discriminatedagainstisthattheyhavetriedsohardtokeeptheiridentity.Ofcoursethey

arenottheonlyoneswhohavedoneso.TheJapanesehavetheirLittleTokyoinLos

AngelesandtheChineseaChinatowninNewYork.TheDutchsettlementin

Pennsylvaniaalsostaysseparatefromotherpeople.Theirtownsarelikesomethingfrom

the19thcentury.Theyhaveadifferentreasonthantheothergroupsforstayingapart.

Theyliveseparatelyfbrreligiousreasonsratherthankeepingtogetherinaracialgroup.

Althoughsomegroupshavekeptthemselvesseparateandothershavebeendiscriminated

against,allgroupshavehelpedmaketheUnitedStatesagreatcountry.Thereisnogroup

thathasnothelpedinsomeway.Andthereisnogroupthatcansaytheyhavedonethe

mosttomakeitagreatcountry.Manypeoplestillcomefromothercountriestohelpthe

UnitedStatesgrow.AgoodexampleistheAmericanprojectthatletamanwalkonthe

moon.ItwasascientistfromGermanywhowasmostresponsiblefordoingthat.Itis

certainthatinthefuturetheUnitedStateswillstillneedthehelpofpeoplefromallracial

groupstoremainagreatcountry.

1、Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestdescribethemainideaofthispassage?

A、TheUnitedStatesisacountrymadeupofmanydifferentraces.

B>DiscriminationisthemostseriousproblemintheUnitedStates.

C、AlltheracesintheUnitedStateshavehelpedmakethecountryagreatone.

D、TheprosperityoftheUnitedStatesismainlyduetothehardworkofthemost

discriminatedraces.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：由文章.第五段第一句"Althoughsomegroupshavekeptthemselves

separateandothershavebeendiscriminatedagainst,allgroupshavchclpcdmakethe

UnitedStatesagreatcountry可知C正確。

2、Inthefirstparagraph,theword"told"means.

A、separated

B>distinguished

C^revealed

D^madeknown

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：從上下文布理Usuallytheyaremixedtogetherandcan'tbetoldonefrom

another.前面的mix已能判斷出told的含義，即“區(qū)分、區(qū)別”的意思，同B項(xiàng)意

思接近。

Thispassageimpliesthatdiscriminationisaproblemwhich.

A、manyracesintheUnitedStateshaveexperienced

isstillveryseriousintheUnitedStates

C^hasalreadybeensolvedintheUnitedStates

D、isstronglyopposedbymanydifferentracesintheUnitedStates

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：由文章第三段第一句"OneproblemthcUnitcdStateshasalwayshadis

discrimination."和第五句"Almosteverygrouphasbsenabletoeventuallyescapethis

discrimination.”可知A正確。

4、ThemainreasonwhytheIndiansaremostdiscriminatedagainstisthat.

A、theyhavetriedhardtokeeptheirreligious

B、theyhavetriedhardtolivetogethertokeeptheirIndiancustoms

C>theyaretheonlyoneswhotriedtokeeptheiridentity

D、theydiscriminatemanyotherraces

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：文章第四段第一句說到“OnereasontheIndiansarediscriminatedagainst

isthattheyhavetriedsohardtokeeptheiridentity.”這里的keeptheiridentity與B中

的keeptheirIndiancustoms屬同義替換。

5、TheDutchliveseparatelyinPennsylvania.

A、toescapediscrimination

B、toenjoythemselvesintheirowntowns

C>tokeeptogetherinaracialgroup

D、fbrreligiousreasons

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：第四段結(jié)尾說到“Theyliveseparatelyforreligiousreasonsratherthan

keepingtogetherinaracialgroup...”。因此D正確。

Foryears,theTobaccoInstitute1hastriedunsuccessfullytorefute（反駁）thechargeby

healthexpertsthatcigarettesmokingcanbedangeroustoyourhealth.Nowtheinstitute

hastakenanewtack（行切方針）.Inanadvertisingcampaignlastfall,theindustrytrade

associationignoredhealthquestionsandsticsscdthatnotsmokingcouldbedangerousto

thelocaleconomy."Tobaccomeans$1,193,000,000toVirginia,"trumpetedone

advertisement,"VirginiatobaccohelpspaveVirginiasocialprograms.Tobaccomeans

90,000Virginiajobs."Themessagewasrepeatedwiththeappropriatedollarfiguresin

sixothertobaccostates.ThestatisticsarcbasedonastudybytheUniversityof

Pennsylvania'sWhartonSchool,whichcalculatesthat,overall,theU.S.tobacco

industrygenerates$30millioninwagesandearnings,$15.5billionincapitalinvestment

and$22billionintaxrevenueeachyear."Ifyoulookattheeconomiccontribution

tobaccomakestoAmerica,1'saysEdwardHorrigan,Jr.,ChairmanofR.JReynolds

TobaccoCo.,"thereisnoreasonforustobeashamedofthebusinesswearein.The

AmericanCancerSocietydisagrees.WhileVirginiaiscollectingits$1.2billionin

tobaccorevenuethisyear,theSocietysaid2,900ofitscitizenswillbevictimsoflung

cancer.Thousandsmore,thesocietycouldhaveadded,willbevictimsofotherdiseases

stronglyassociatedwithsmoking.AndtheU.S.SurgeonGeneralestimatesthedirect

dollarcostsoftreatingsmoking-relatedillnessesnationallyalmorethan$13billiona

year-nottomentionanother$25billioninlostwagesandproductivity.

6、OnwhatgrounddidtheTobaccoInstitutearguewithhealthexperts?

A、Theyareunwillingtopaymoretax.

B、Cigarettesmokingcannotbedangeroustohealth.

C、Mostpeoplecannotgetridofsmokinghabit.

D、Muchofthegovernment5srevenuecomesfromtobaccotax.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：文章第一段第三句中說到“…theindustrytradeassociationignoredhealth

questionsandstressedthatnotsmokingcouldbedangeroustothelocaleconomy.”再由

下文的講解和數(shù)據(jù)可知吸煙為美國經(jīng)濟(jì)作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。A、B、C三項(xiàng)都不很符

合文意，只有D項(xiàng)較為符合。故選D。

7、TheTobaccoInstitutehastakenanewtacktorefutethechargeby.

A、advertising

B、trumpeting

C、thehelpoftheindustrytradeassociation

D、supportingVirginiasocialprograms

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：由第一段第二、三句"Nowiheinslilulehaslakenanewtack（行動方

針）.Inanadvertisingcampaignlastfall…”可知A正確。

8、"Tobaccomeans$1,193,000,000toVirginia.HThisimpliesthat.

A、Virginiawillproduce$1,193,000,000tobacco

B、tobaccoisworth$1,193,000,000inVirginia

C、Virginiawillcollect$1,193,000,000intobaccorevenue

D、thetaxontobaccoinVirginiaishigh

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C」」

知識點(diǎn)解析:此句話后面有“VirginiatobaccohelpspaveVirginiasocial

programs.Tobaccomeans90,000Virginiajobs.“另外第三段第二句又說到"While

Virginiaiscollectingits$1.2billionintobaccorevenue…”可推知C是正確答案。

9、WhydoesEdwardHorrigan,Jr.say"thereisnoreasonfbrustobeashamedofthe

businesswearein'*?

A^Becausehethinksthattobaccoisnotharmfultohealth

B、BecausehethinksthattobaccomakesagreatcontributiontotheAmericaneconomy.

C、BecausehethinksthattobaccodoesmuchdamagetotheAmericaneconomy.

D、BecausehethinksthattobaccoisessentialtomanyAmericans.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：文章第二段結(jié)尾說到y(tǒng)oulookattheeconomiccontributiontobacco

makestoAmcrica,“saysEdwardHorrigan,Jr.,ChairmanofR.JReynoldsTobacco

Co..“thereisnoreasonfbrustobeashamedofthebusinesswearein.“nJ知文中

economiccontribution是原因。故選B。

10>TheLJ.S.Govcrnmcnt,sannualtobaccorevenueis.

A、$1.2billion

B、$15.5billion

C、$22billion

D、$30billion

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“…and$22billionintaxrevenueeachyear.“可

知C是正確答案。

Ilisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmemory.Themeaningsof

thousandseverydaypercemionsjhebasesforihedecisionswemakeandiheroolsof

ourhabilsandskillsarelobefoundinourexperiences,whicharebroughlinloihe

Dresenlbymemory.Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeepinformationavailable

forlateruse.Itincludesnotonly"remembering"thingslikearithmeticorhistoricalfacts,

butalsoinvolvesanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves.Memoryisinvolved

whenaratgivesupeatinggrainbecausehehassniffedsomethingsuspiciousinthegrain

pile.Memoryisalsoinvolvedwhenasix-year-oldchildlearnstoswingabaseballbat.

Memoryexistsnotonlyinhumansandanimalsbutalsoinsomephysicalobjectsand

machines.Computers,forexample,containdevicesfbrstoringdataforlateruse.Itis

interestingtocomparethememory-storagecapacityofacomputerwiththatofahuman

being.Theinstant-accessmemoryofalargecomputermayholdupto100,000

"words"—readyforinstantuse.AnaverageU.S.teenagerprobablyrecognizesthe

meaningofabout100,000wordsofEnglish.However,thisisbutafractionofthetotal

amountofinformationwhichtheteenagerhasstored.Consider,fbrexample,thenumber

offacesandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight.Theuseofwordsisthebasis

oftheadvancedproblem-solvingintelligenceofhumanbeings.Alargepartofaperson's

memoryisintermsofwordsandcombinationsofwords.

11、Accordingtothepassage,memoryisconsideredtobe.

A、thebasisfordecisionmakingandproblemsolving

B、anabilitytostoreexperiencesforfutureuse

C>anintelligencetypicallypossessedbyhumanbeings

D、thedatamainlyconsistingofwordsandcombinationsofwords

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：文章第二段第一句話說到“Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacityto

keepinfonnationavailableforlateruse.”文中的capacity對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)中的ability,文中

的keep對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)中的store,文中的laleruse對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)中的fulureuse。故癥B。

12、Thecomparisonmadebetweenthememorycapacityofalargecomputerandthatof

humanbeingshowsthat.

A、thecomputer'smemoryhasalittlebiggercapacitythanateenager's

thecomputer'smemorycapacityismuchsmallerthananadulthumanbeing's

C、ihccomputer'smemorycapacityismuchsmallereventhanateenager's

D、bothAandB

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析:通過第三段后幾句"Theinstant-accessincmoryofalargecomputermay

holduptolOO.000'words'—readyforinstantuse.AnaverageU.S.teenager

probablyrecognizesthemeaningofabout100,000wordsofEnglish.However,this

isbutafractionofthetotalamountofinformationwhichtheteenagerhasstored.”的描

述可知計(jì)算機(jī)的記憶容量僅是一個(gè)普通美國青少年的一小部分。故選Co

13、Thewholepassageimpliesthat.

A、onlyhumanbeingshaveproblem-solvingintelligence

B、aperson,smemoryisdifferentfromacomputer'sineveryrespect

C^animalsareabletosolveonlyverysimpleproblems

D、animalssolveproblemsbyinstinctsratherthanintelligence

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：從文中最后一段第一句"Theuseohvordsisthebasisoftheadvanced

problcm-solvingintclligcnccofhumanbeings.”可推斷出人類有著解決高級問題的智

力。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C項(xiàng)較為符合文意和常理。

14^Thephrase"intermsofinthelastsentencecanbestbereplacedby.

ANinconnectionwith

B、expressedby

C^consisting

D^bymeansof

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：由最后一段“Theuseofwordsisthebasisoftheadvancedproblem一

solvingintclligcnccofhumanbeings.Alargepartofaperson'smemoryisintermsof

wordsandcombinationsofwords."可知B對。

15、Thetopicofthepassageis.

ANWhatwouldlifebelikewithoutmemory

B、Memoryisofvitalimportancelolife

C^Howisaperson'smemorydi他rentfromananimal'soracomputer,s

D、Whatiscontainedinmemory

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：文中開頭“Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithout

memory.”即是中心，即強(qiáng)調(diào)了記憶的重要性，故選B。

Sustainablemanagementisseenasapracticalandeconomicalwayofprotectingspecies

fromextinction.Insteadofdependingonlargelyineffectivelawsagainstpoaching（偷

獵），itgiveslocalpeopleagoodeconomicreasontopreserveplantsandanimals.In

Zimbabwe,fbrinstance,thereisasustainablemanagementprojecttoprotectelephants.

Foreigntouristspaylargesumsofmoneytokilltheseanimalsfbrsports.Thismoneyis

thengiventotheinhabitantsoftheareawherethehuntingtakesplace.Intheory,locals

willbeencouragedtoprotectelephants,insteadofpoachingthembecauseofthe

economicbenefitinvolved.Thissoundslikeasensiblestrategy,butitremainstobeseen

whetheritwillwork.Withcorruptioninthesedevelopingcountries,someobserversare

skeptical。懷疑的）lhatthemoneywillactuallyreachthepeopleitisintendedfor.Others

wonderhoweffectivethelocalswillbeatstoppingpoachers.Therearealsoquestions

aboutwhethersustainablemanagementispracticalwhenitcomestoprotectingforests.In

theory,theprincipleshouldbethesameaswilhelephants-allowloggingcompaniesto

cutdowncertainnumberof［】ees,butnotsomanyastocompletelydestroytheforest.

Sustainablemanagementofforestsrequirescontrolsonthenumberoftreeswhicharecut

down,aswellasinvestmentinreplacingthem.Becausealmostalltropicalforestsarc

locatedincountrieswhichdesperatelyneedrevenuefromlogging,therearefew

regulationsandincentivetodothis.Onesolutionmightbetocertifywoodwhichcomes

fromsustainablymanagedforests.Intheory,consumerswouldbuyonlythiswoodandso

forceloggingcompaniesiogo"green"orgooutofbusiness.Unfortunately,unreslricted

loggingissomuchmoreprofitablethalwoodpricesfrommanagedforestswouldcostup

tofivetimesmore—anincreasethatconsumers,nomatterhow"green",areunlikelyto

pay.

16^Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueinunderstandingthe^sustainable

management"?

A^Sustainablemanagementisusuallyusedincommercialunits.

B>Sustainablemanagementismorepowerfulthanlaws.

C、Wewillprobablymeetmanyproblemsinthecourseofapplyingsustainable

management.

D、Itislikelythatsustainablemanagementwillreplacethelawsinprotectingliving

things.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：由題干關(guān)鍵詞sustainablemanagement定位到第二段首句“Thissounds

likesensiblestrategy,butitremainstobeseenwhetheritwillwork.”和第三段首句

“Therearealsoquestionsaboutwhethersustainablemanagementispracticalwhenit

comestoprotectingfore