英文藥理學(xué)考卷樣題（考試時間：90分鐘，滿分：100分）一、選擇題（每題2分，共20題，40分）1.Whichofthefollowingistheprimaryactionofbetaadrenergicblockers?A.DecreaseheartrateB.IncreasecontractilityC.DilatebronchiolesD.Increasebloodpressure2.Thedrugthatcanbeusedtotreatbothhypertensionandcongestiveheartfailureis:A.ACEinhibitorsB.BetablockersC.DiureticsD.Calciumchannelblockers3.Theprimarymechanismofactionofaspirinis:A.COX1inhibitionB.COX2inhibitionC.COX1andCOX2inhibitionD.COX2selectivity4.Whichofthefollowingdrugscanbeusedtotreatpepticulcerdisease?A.AspirinB.IbuprofenC.OmeprazoleD.Acetaminophen5.Thedrugofchoiceforthetreatmentoftype2diabetesmellitusis:A.InsulinB.MetforminC.SulfonylureasD.Thiazolidinediones6.TheprimarymechanismofactionofSSRIs(SelectiveSerotoninReuptakeInhibitors)is:A.IncreaseserotoninsynthesisB.DecreasedopaminesynthesisC.InhibitserotoninreuptakeD.Inhibitdopaminereuptake7.Thedrugthatcanbeusedtotreatbothschizophreniaandbipolardisorderis:A.LithiumB.AntipsychoticsC.AntidepressantsD.Anxiolytics8.Theprimaryindicationofwarfarinis:A.DeepveinthrombosisB.AtrialfibrillationC.MyocardialinfarctionD.Hypertension9.Thedrugthatcanbeusedtotreatbothasthmaandallergicrhinitisis:A.BetaagonistsB.CorticosteroidsC.AntihistaminesD.Leukotrienemodifiers10.Theprimarymechanismofactionofloopdiureticsis:A.InhibitsodiumreabsorptionintheproximaltubuleB.InhibitsodiumreabsorptioninthedistaltubuleC.InhibitsodiumreabsorptionintheloopofHenleD.Inhibitpotassiumsecretioninthecollectingduct11.Thedrugthatcanbeusedtotreatbothhypertensionandanginais:A.CalciumchannelblockersB.BetablockersC.ACEinhibitorsD.Diuretics12.Theprimaryindicationofstatinsis:A.HypertensionB.HyperlipidemiaC.DiabetesmellitusD.Coronaryarterydisease13.Thedrugthatcanbeusedtotreatbothanxietyandinsomniais:A.BenzodiazepinesB.SSRIsC.SNRIsD.Tricyclicantidepressants14.Theprimarymechanismofactionofopioidsis:A.AgonistatmuopioidreceptorsB.AgonistatdeltaopioidreceptorsC.AgonistatkappaopioidreceptorsD.Antagonistatmuopioidreceptors15.Thedrugthatcanbeusedtotreatbothdepressionandneuropathicpainis:A.TricyclicantidepressantsB.SSRIsC.SNRIsD.BenzodiazepinesA.GramnegativeinfectionsB.GrampositiveinfectionsC.FungalinfectionsD.Viralinfections17.Thedrugthatcanbeusedtotreatbothtuberculosisandleprosyis:A.RifampinB.IsoniazidC.EthambutolD.Pyrazinamide18.Theprimarymechanismofactionofpenicillinsis:A.InhibitcellwallsynthesisB.InhibitproteinsynthesisC.InhibitnucleicacidsynthesisD.Inhibitfolicacidsynthesis19.Thedrugthatcanbeusedtotreatbothmalariaandamoebiasisis:A.ChloroquineB.MefloquineC.QuinineD.Metronidazole20.Theprimaryindicationofcorticosteroidsis:A.HypertensionB.HyperlipidemiaC.Inflamm八、填空題（每題2分，共10題，20分）2.Thedrugofchoiceforthetreatmentoftype2diabetesmellitusis____________.3.Theprimarymechanismofactionofstatinsistoinhibit____________.4.Thedrugthatcanbeusedtotreatbothpepticulcerdiseaseandgastroesophagealrefluxdiseaseis____________.6.Thedrugthatcanbeusedtotreatbothdepressionandanxietydisordersis____________.7.Theprimarymechanismofactionofantipsychoticdrugsistoblock____________receptors.8.Thedrugthatcanbeusedtotreatbothepilepsyandbipolardisorderis____________.10.Thedrugthatcanbeusedtotreatbothhypertensionandheartfailureis____________.九、名詞解釋題（每題5分，共4題，20分）1.Pharmacodynamics2.Pharmacokinetics3.Halflife4.Therapeuticindex十、簡答題（每題10分，共2題，20分）1.Explainthedifferencebetweennarrowspectrumandbroadspectrumantibiotics.2.Describethemechanismofactionofantihypertensivedrugs.十一、計算題（每題10分，共2題，20分）1.Apatientisprescribedadrugwithadosageof50mgevery6hours.Ifthepatienttakesthefirstdoseat8am,atwhattimeshouldthepatienttakethefourthdose?2.Adrugwithahalflifeof8hoursisadministeredintravenouslyatadoseof200mg.Calculatetheconcentrationofthedruginthebloodstreamafter24hours.十二、案例分析題（每題15分，共2題，30分）1.A65yearoldmalepatientwithahistoryofhypertensionanddiabetesmellitusisprescribedanewantihypertensivedrug.Aftertakingthedrugforaweek,thepatientreportsexperiencingdizzinessandfaintingepisodes.Whatcouldbethepossiblecauseofthesesideeffectsandhowwouldyoumanagethem?2.A35yearoldfemalepatientwithahistoryofdepressionisprescribedanewantidepressantdrug.Aftertakingthedrugfortwoweeks,thepatientreportsimprovementinhermoodbutalsoexperiencesdrymouthandconstipation.Whatcouldbethepossiblecauseofthesesideeffectsandhowwouldyoumanagethem?一、選擇題答案：1.A2.C3.B4.D5.A6.B7.C8.D9.A10.B11.C12.D13.A14.B15.C16.D17.A18.B19.C20.D二、填空題答案：1.Drycough2.Metformin3.HMGCoAreductase4.Omeprazole5.Gastrointestinalbleeding6.Sertraline7.Dopamine8.Lamotrigine9.Insulin10.Warfarin三、名詞解釋答案：1.Pharmacodynamics:Thestudyoftheeffectsofdrugsonthebody,includingthemechanismsofactionandthephysiologicalresponsestodrugs.2.Bioavailability:Theproportionofadrugthatentersthesystemiccirculationandisavailabletoproduceatherapeuticeffect.3.Halflife:Thetimerequiredfortheconcentrationofadruginthebodytobereducedhalf.4.Therapeuticindex:Theratioofthedoseofadrugthatproducesatherapeuticeffecttothedosethatproducestoxicity.5.Druginteraction:Thealterationintheeffectsofadrugwhenitistakenconcurrentlywithanotherdrugorwithfood.四、簡答題答案：2.Thepossiblecauseofdrymouthandconstipationinthepatientwithdepressioncouldbetheantidepressantdrug'ssideeffects.Tomanagethesesideeffects,thepatientcouldbeadvisedtoincreasefluidintakeandconsumeahighfiberdiet.Ifthesideeffectspersist,adifferentantidepressantdrugwithalowerriskofdrymouthandconstipationcouldbeprescribed.五、計算題答案：1.Thedoseofthedrugforachildweighing25kgwouldbe:Dose=(25kg/70kg)500mg=179mg2.Thenewdoseofthedrugforthepatientwithacreatinineclearanceof30mL/minwouldbe:Dose=(30mL/min/50mL/min)100mg=60mg六、案例分析題答案：2.Thepossiblecauseofthepatient'sdrymouthandconstipationcouldbethesideeffectsoftheantidepressantdrug.Tomanagethesesideeffects,