PAGE1-SectionⅡTheLanguagePointsofReading課前重點檢測Ⅰ.重點詞匯1．consume(vt.)消費；消耗；耗盡；吃完→consumer(n.)消費者2．graph(n.)圖表；坐標圖；曲線圖3．random(adj.)胡亂的；隨意的4．phenomenon(n.)現象→phenomena(復數)現象5．subscribe(vt.)簽署(文件)；捐助(vi.)同意；捐贈；訂閱6．quantity(n.)量；數量→quality(n.)質量7．tend(vi.)趨向；易于；照看(vt.)照看；護理→tendency(n.)趨勢8．data(n.)資料；數據9．oppose(vt.)反對；抗拒；與(某人)較量→opposed(adj.)反對的；對立的10．mild(adj.)溫順的；溫順的；淡的11．consequence(n.)結果；后果；影響→consequently(adv.)因此；所以12．state(vt.)陳述；說明→statement(n.)說明；說法；表明13．range(n.)種類；范圍14．glance(vi.)掃視；看一下(n.)一瞥15．steady(adj.)平穩的；持續的；穩固的→steadily(adv.)平穩地；持續地16．result_in導致17．subscribe_to同意；贊助；訂閱18．quantities_of大量的19．go_up上升；增長；升起20．tend_to往往；傾向于21．keep_on持續22．build_up積累；增加23．be_opposed_to反對24．come_about發生25．even_if即使Ⅱ.教材原句1．Wedependonenergy________(do)manythingsinourdailylives.答案：todo2．Makealistofthethings________consumeenergyinyourhome,school,oranyotherplacesyoucanthinkof.答案：that3．So________hasthiscomeaboutanddoesitmatter?答案：how4．Thereisnodoubt________theearthisbecomingwarmer(seeGraph1)andthatitishumanactivity________hascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombutnaturalphenomenon.答案：that;that5．Theproblembeginswhenweaddhuge________(quantity)ofextracarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.答案：quantities6．Itmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmosphere________(cause)theglobaltemperaturetogoup.答案：causing7．Theyalsoagreethatitistheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresulted________thisincreaseincarbondioxide.答案：in8．Ontheotherhand,therearethose,likeGeorgeHambley,________areopposedtothisviewandbelievethatweshouldnotworryabouthighlevelsofcarbondioxideintheair.答案：who9．Theypredictthatanywarmingwillbemildwithfewbadenvironmental________(consequence)．答案：consequences10．Itwillmakeplantsgrowquicker;cropswillproducemore;itwillencouragea________(great)rangeofanimals—allof________willmakelifeforhumanbeingsbetter.答案：greater;which課堂分段精講[第1段]1．Sohowhasthiscome_aboutanddoesitmatter？(教材P26)那么，這種溫度的增長是怎么產生的呢？會產生什么影響呢？comeabout發生；造成①Thedriverwouldn'ttellmehowtheaccidentcame_about.司機就是不告知我事故是怎樣發生的。②How_did_it_come_about_thatyouwereanhourlate?你怎么會遲到一小時？③Generallyspeaking,magazinescome_outatstatedperiods.一般來說，雜志定時出版。名師點津comeabout是不及物動詞短語，不能用于被動語態中，常指事情不受人限制地突然發生。常用句型：Howdiditcomeaboutthat...？“……是怎么發生的？”；Itcameaboutthat...“……發生了”。辨析：happen,breakout,takeplace,comeabout與occurhappen一般用語。指偶然、意外的，未能預見事情的發生或出現。其后接不定式或用在“Ithappens/happenedthat...”句型中續表breakout指“(斗爭、火災、疾病等)突然發生，爆發”takeplace指“按支配、支配做……”；可引申為“進行，實行”comeabout表示“發生，產生”，多指事情已經發生了但還不知道為什么，常用于疑問句和否定句中occur可指“偶然發生”，也指“支配發生某事”；occur還表示“突然想到”，常用于“Itoccurs/occurredtosb.that...”句型中④I'llneverunderstandhowitcame_aboutthatyouwerelatethreetimesaweek.我恒久不會理解你怎么會一周遲到三次。⑤Aleapyearoccurseveryfouryears.每四年出現一次閏年。【即景活用】單句寫作①已經10點了。我在想那么短的路途她遲到兩小時是怎么回事。It'salready10o'clock.Iwonderhowit______________thatshewastwohourslateonsuchashorttrip.②我偶然遇見了那個正睡在橋下的孩子。I________________thechildsleepingunderthebridge.③在激烈探討之后，我們找到了這個問題的解決方法。Afteraheateddiscussion,we____________________thesolutiontothequestion.④我突然想到其次天晚上將有一場中國隊和韓國隊的籃球競賽。Itsuddenly________________methattherewouldbeabasketballmatchbetweenChinaandSouthKoreathenextevening.答案：①cameabout②cameacross③cameupwith④occurredto[第2段]2．There_is_no_doubt_thattheearthisbecomingwarmer(seeGraph1)andthatitishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombutnaturalphenomenon.(教材P26)毫無疑問，地球是在轉暖(見表1)，全球轉暖是人為的，而不是隨意的自然現象。Thereisnodoubtthat...毫無疑問……[剖析]此句為主從復合句，名詞doubt后面為that引導的兩個并列的同位語從句。構成結構：Thereisnodoubtthat...“毫無疑問……”。①There_is_no_doubt_thattheSyrianshavesufferedalotfromthewar.毫無疑問，敘利亞人民因為斗爭而遭遇了很多苦痛。②There_is_some_doubt_whetherthesecreaturescanunderstandourmeansofcommunication.這些生物能否懂得我們的溝通方式值得懷疑。③I_doubt_whether/ifhecancomeontime.我懷疑他能否按時來。④Hishonestyisbeyond_doubt.他的誠懇毋庸置疑。名師點津及物動詞doubt后接名詞、代詞或賓語從句。在否定句和疑問句中，doubt后面接that引導的賓語從句；在確定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引導的賓語從句。【即景活用1】單句寫作①Hehadhisdoubts________________________(他們是否會給)himanotherchancetohaveatry.②Heis________________(毫無疑問)theclevereststudentI'veevertaught.③Theiracceptanceofthecontractisstill____________(不確定)．答案：①whethertheywouldgive②withoutdoubt③indoubtrandomadj.胡亂的；隨意的①Theinformationisprocessedinarandomorder.信息是按隨機依次處理的。②Hetookabookat_randomfromtheshelf.他從書架上隨意拿了一本書。【即景活用2】單句語法填空①Theterroristsfiredintothecrowd________random.②Nameswerechosen________(random)fromalist.答案：①at②randomly[第3段]3．Allscientistssubscribe_totheviewthattheincreaseintheearth'stemperatureisduetotheburningoffossilfuelslikecoal,naturalgasandoiltoproduceenergy.(教材P26)全部科學家都同意這個觀點，即地球溫度的上升，是由于人們燃燒像煤、自然氣和石油這樣的化石燃料來生產能量而引起的。subscribeto同意；贊成；訂購；定期捐款給……①Ifyousubscribe_tothenewspaper,it'llbedeliveredtoyourdoor.假如你訂閱報紙，它會被送到門口的。②Hesubscribes_toanenvironmentalactiongroup.他定期捐錢給一個環保行動組織。③Ihaveneversubscribed_totheviewthatschooldaysarethehappiestdaysofyourlife.我從未贊同過這樣的看法，認為學生時代是一生中最歡樂的日子。【即景活用】單句語法填空①Isubscribed________amonthlymagazine.②Thenumberofphone________(subscribe)increasedlastmonth.答案：①to②subscribers4．Theproblembeginswhenweaddhugequantitiesofextracarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.(教材P26)當我們在大氣層中增加了大量的額外的二氧化碳的時候，問題就來了。quantityn．數量①Qualityinsteadofquantityshouldbefocusedonforthesustainabledevelopmentoftheindustry.為了工業的可持續發展，應當關注質而不是量。②Quantities_offoodandtentsweresenttothedisasterarea.大量的食品和帳篷被運到災區。③A_large_quantity_ofbookshavebeenofferedtous.大量的書被供應應我們。④Buyvegetablesin_small_quantities,_foryourimmediateuse.蔬菜不要多買，現買現用。名師點津(1)aquantityof與quantitiesof后可接不行數名詞或可數名詞的復數形式。(2)“aquantityof＋不行數名詞/可數名詞復數形式”作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數依據of后名詞的形式而定。“quantitiesof＋不行數名詞或可數名詞復數形式”作主語時，謂語動詞均用復數。【即景活用】(1)單句語法填空①Heconsumedalargequantity________alcohol.②Hugequantitiesofoil________(be)spillingintotheseaatpresent.答案：①of②are(2)單句改錯AlargequantityofairconditionershasbeensoldsinceJune.________________________________________________________答案：has→have5．Itmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogo_up.(教材P26)這意味著更多的熱量被困在大氣層中，從而引起全球溫度上升。tendvi.趨向；易于；照看vt.照看；護理①Myfamilytend_tobequitelong－lived.我家族的人大都相當長壽。②Hisviewstend_towardstheextreme.他的觀點趨于偏激。③Doctorsandnursestendedtotheinjured.醫生和護士護理傷員。【即景活用1】單句語法填空①Shetends________(get)angrywhenothersdisagreewithher.②Ashepherdtends________thesheep.③Thedrugiseffectivebuthasa________(tend)tocauseheadaches.答案：①toget②to③tendencygoup上升；增長；升起①Wewatchedthenationalflaggo_upslowlywithpride.我們驕傲地凝視著國旗漸漸升起。②Don'tgo_againstyourparents'wishes.不要違反父母的意愿。③Besureyouareright,thengo_ahead.確信正確，切莫畏縮。④Itwillbewisetogo_overyourtestpaperagain.還是把你的考卷再檢查一遍的好。⑤Thecountryhasgone_throughtoomanywars.這個國家經驗了太多的斗爭。名師點津goup為不及物動詞短語，不行用于被動語態中。【即景活用2】單句寫作①價格已經上漲到每分鐘1.95美元，這超過了我的支付實力。Thecosthas________________$1.95aminute.It'sbeyondmyabilitytopay.②她擔憂沒有鞋子能和她的禮服相配。Shewasworriedabout________________herdress.③隨著歲月的消逝，祖母的身體也更加瘦弱了。Mygrandmotherwasbecomingweaker____________________.答案：①goneupto②nothavingshoestogowith③astimewentby[第5段]6．Theyalsoagreethatitistheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresulted_inthisincreaseincarbondioxide.(教材P26)他們還贊同下述觀點：正是由于越來越多燃燒化石燃料導致了二氧化碳的增加。resultin導致圖解助記辨析：resultin,resultfrom,asaresult與asaresultofresultin表示“引起某種結果”，句子的主語是緣由，in的賓語是結果resultfrom意為“因……而發生”，主語為結果，賓語為起因asaresult意為“結果，因此”，在句中作狀語，常置于句首，并用逗號和句子隔開asaresultof意為“作為……的結果”，即由某事引起①Stressandtirednessoftenresult_inalackofconcentration.驚慌和疲憊常導致人精神不集中。②Theterribleaccidentresulted_fromhiscarelessness.那起可怕的意外事務因他的疏忽大意而引起。③Tombrokehislegs,as_a_result,_hewastakentohospital.湯姆的腿骨折了，因此被送進了醫院。④As_a_result_ofherhardwork,shewasfinallyadmittedtoheridealuniversity.她勤奮苦讀，最終考進了她志向的高校。⑤Hewentovereachnumberagain,butwithout_result.他把每個數字又檢查了一遍，卻仍沒有結果。【即景活用】單句寫作①導致兩人死亡的事故源于馬虎駕駛。Theaccidentthatresulted________thedeathoftwopersonsresulted________carelessdriving.②結果，壞事變成了好事。__________________，thebadthingturnedintoagoodone.③這場沖突使他同時失去了居處和生計來源。________________thisconflict,helostbothhishomeandhismeansofbusiness.答案：①in;from②Asaresult③Asaresultof[第6段]7．Ontheotherhand,therearethose,likeGeorgeHambley,whoareopposedtothisviewandbelievethatweshouldnotworryabouthighlevelsofcarbondioxideintheair.(教材P27)在另一方面，還有一些人，像喬治·漢布利，反對這個觀點，他們認為我們不必擔憂空氣中有高含量的二氧化碳。opposevt.反對；對抗；與(某人)較量①Manypeopleare_opposed_toanychangetothecurrentlegislation.很多人反對對當前立法進行任何改動。②Iopposeyourgoingtherealone.我反對你單獨去那里。名師點津“反對/同意(做)某事”的多種表達：(1)“反對(做)某事”的表達有：beopposedto(doing)sth.,oppose(doing)sth.,objectto(doing)sth.,beagainst(doing)sth.。(2)“同意(做)某事”的表達有：agreetodosth.,beinfavourofsth.,befor(doing)sth.,subscribetosth.。【即景活用】單句語法填空①Itwasnottheplanthatwewereopposed________.②Aftertheprofessorwasopposedto________(carry)outtheproject,themediafocusedonit.③Theeffectofthemedicationwas________(oppose)tothatintended.答案：①to②carrying③opposite8．Theypredictthatanywarmingwillbemildwithfewbadenvironmentalconsequences.(教材P27)他們預言說，變暖的狀況不會很嚴峻，對環境的影響也不會太壞。consequencen．結果；后果；影響①Don'tbeuneasyabouttheconsequences.不必為后果憂慮擔憂。②Wedidn'thaveenoughmoneytopayourbusfare,andin_consequencewehadtowalk.我們沒有足夠的錢買車票，所以只能步行。③Heisamanof_little_consequenceintheLabourParty.他是工黨中無足輕重的人物。④Hehadbeenillforalongtimeandconsequentlyhewasbehindinhiswork.他病了很久，因此耽擱了功課。【即景活用】單句語法填空①In________(consequent)ofhishardwork,hewasawardedheavilybythecommittee.②Idon'tsupposeitisof________consequencenow.答案：①consequence②any9．Infact,Hambleystates,_“Morecarbondioxideisactuallyapositivething.Itwillmakeplantsgrowquicker;cropswillproducemore;itwillencourageagreaterrangeofanimals—allofwhichwillmakelifeforhumanbeingsbetter.”(教材P27)事實上，漢布利是這樣說的：“二氧化碳含量的增加事實上是件好事，它使植物生長更快，莊稼產量更高，還能促進動物的增多——全部這些都能改善人類的生活。”statevt.陳述；說明①Thewitnessstatedthathehadnotseenthewomanbefore.該證人說他從未見過這個女人。②Theroadsarein_aterriblestateaftertheseverewinterweather.嚴冬過后，這些馬路的路況很差。③Wemustpaytaxestothestate.我們應當向國家交稅。【即景活用1】(1)單句語法填空①Havingwitnessedtheaccident,Ithoughtitwasmydutytomakea________(state)tothepolice.②Shewepttoseehim________suchamiserablestate.答案：①statement②in(2)單句寫作據稱，那家醫院的醫療水準在不斷下降。________________thatstandardsatthehospitalweredropping.答案：Itwasstatedrangen．種類；范圍圖解助記①Theelegantladycamewithin_my_range_ofvision.這位優雅的女士進入了我的視野。②Thefrontierranges_fromthenorthernhilltothesoutherncoast.邊界從北部山地始終延長到南部海岸。③A_wide_range_ofcoloursandpatternsareavailable.各種顏色和樣式都有。④Rangethecardsintheorderoftheletters.把卡片按字母依次排列。【即景活用2】(1)單句語法填空①Wecan'taffordthehouse,becausethepriceiswell________ourrange.②Shehasawiderangeofinterests,________(range)fromplayingchesstoswimming.答案：①beyond②ranging(2)單句寫作這家餐館因其供應的適合各種口味和消費水平的顧客的食物而廣受歡迎。Thisrestauranthasbecomepopularforits____________foodsthatsuitalltastesandpockets.答案：widerangeof[第7段]10．Even_ifwestartreducingtheamountofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases,theclimateisgoingtokeeponwarmingfordecadesorcenturies.(教材P27)即使我們起先削減二氧化碳及其他溫室氣體的含量，在(將來)幾十年或幾個世紀內，氣候仍會持續轉暖。evenif引導的讓步狀語從句[剖析]本句中的從句為evenif引導的讓步狀語從句，連接詞意為“即使；盡管”。①Even_if/thoughyoutravelinidealweather,seajourneyswilltakealongtime.即使你旅行的天氣志向，海上旅行所花的時間也較長。②Although/Thoughpoor,theyarehonest.盡管窮，但他們很誠懇。③WhileIamwillingtohelp,Idonothavemuchtimeavailable.盡管我情愿幫忙，但是我沒有多少時間。④Tryas/thoughhemight(＝Howeverhardhetried＝Although/Thoughhetriedashardaspossible),hecouldn'topenthedoor.他想盡了方法也沒能打開門。【即景活用】單句語法填空①Heissobusy.Hecannotaffordenoughtimetostaywithhissoneven________hewantsto.②Even________hewasgettingangry,hisvoiceremainedlevel.答案：①if/though②though/if11．Glancequicklyatthemagazinearticleandanswerthequestions.(教材P27)快速閱讀雜志文章，并回答下列問題。glancevi.看一下；掃視n．一瞥glanceat閱讀①Tomglanced_at/took_a_glance_atthenewspaperheadlines.湯姆匆忙看了一眼報紙的大標題。②At_first_glancetheproblemseemedeasy.乍一看問題好像很簡單。辨析：stareat,glanceat,glimpseat與glareatstareat長時間的盯著看。有艷羨或驚異的意思glanceat匆忙一看，瞥視。看的時間短暫，強調動作glimpseat無意識的一瞥。強調結果glareat怒目而視。有敵對心情③It'srudetostare_atourguest.盯著我們的客人看是粗魯的。④Themanagerglanced_atthedocumentandsignedhisname.經理閱讀了文件，并且簽了名。⑤Iglimpsed_atheramongthecrowdjustnow.剛才我在擁擠的人群中瞥見了她。⑥Thedogglared_atthestrangerandbarked.狗怒視著這個生疏人，狂叫著。【即景活用】(1)單句語法填空Shetookarapidglance________meandloweredhereyes.答案：at(2)單句寫作①竊賊匆忙環顧了一下，便溜進了那幢房屋。Theburglartookaquick________________andthenstoleintothehouse.②他一眼就看出了問題所在。Hecouldtell_____________whatwaswrong.答案：①glancearound②ataglance課后演練提能課后演練一Ⅰ.完形填空Pollutionhasbeenknowntoexistforaverylongtime,andweknowatleastsincepeople__1__usingfirethousandsofyearsago.Ithasseenthegrowthoftrulyglobalproportionsonlysincetheonsetofthe__2__revolutionduringthe19thcentury.Environmentalpollutionisaproblembothindevelopedand__3__countries.Factorssuchaspopulation__4__andurbanization(城市化進程)invariablyplacegreatdemandsonthe__5__andstretchtheuseofnatural__6__tothemaximum.Environmentalpollutioniscausingalotofdistressnotonlytohumansbutalsoto__7__，drivingmanyanimal__8__toendangermentandeven__9__.Thetrans-boundarynatureofenvironmentalpollutionmakesitevenmoredifficulttomanage—youcannotbuildstonewallsalongthe__10__ofyourcountry.Everythingonourplanetisinterconnected.Andthenaturesuppliesuswithvaluableenvironmentalserviceswithout__11__wecannotexist.Weall12eachother'sactionsandthewaywetreatnaturalresources.It'swidely__13__thatwearehugelyoverspendingourcurrentbudgetofnaturalresources—__14__theexistingratesofitsexploitation,andthereisnowayfortheenvironmentto__15__ingoodtimeandcontinue“performing”well__16__.Perhapsweshould__17__aholisticviewofnature—itisnotanentitythatexistsseparatelyfromus;thenatureisus,wearea(n)__18__partofit,andweshould__19__itinthemostappropriatemanner.__20__thencanwepossiblysolvetheproblemofenvironmentalpollution.篇章導讀：本文是一篇爭論文。污染自從幾千年前人類用火的時候就起先了，19世紀工業革命時期起先突出顯現。污染是無國界的，我們要用整體的觀點去看待大自然，即我們是大自然的一部分，只有用最合適的方式關愛大自然，我們才可能解決污染問題。1．A.finished B．startedC．stopped D．avoided答案：B數千年前，人們起先(start)運用火。句意：我們知道污染存在已久，至少從人類幾千年前起先運用火時。2．A.industry B．industrialC．industrialism D．industrious答案：B依據句中的時間狀語及其次段中關于城市化進程的描述可知，此處表示工業革命(industrialrevolution)起先時。3.A.developing B．developsC．poor D．rich答案：A依據常識，世界上的國家分為兩類，一類是發達國家，一類是發展中國家。developingcountries“發展中國家”。4.A.rise B．raiseC．increase D．growth答案：D名詞短語“人口增長”有兩種表達形式：populationgrowth和increaseofpopulation。5.A.country B．groundC．planet D．space答案：C句意：諸如人口增長、城市化進程等因素都不行避開地對我們的星球提出了巨大的需求。planet“星球”，符合語境。6.A.energy B．resourcesC．source D．strength答案：B依據語境可知，此處表示“人類最大程度地運用著自然資源”。resource“資源”，符合語境。7.A.animals B．plantsC．people D．man答案：A依據空前的humans和空后的animal可知，應選A項。8.A.species B．kindsC．groups D．society答案：A依據英語表達習慣及本句句意可知，species“物種”，符合題意。9.A.exist B．existenceC．existing D．extinction答案：D前面說“……使很多動物物種處于危急中”，然后用了even說明后果更加嚴峻，故選D項。extinction“滅亡”。10.A.boundary B．forestC．border D．soil答案：C依據句意可知，環境污染的“無國界性”使它更加難以限制——你不行能在國家的邊界建一道道石墻。border“邊界；國界”，為正確選項。boundary“界限；分界線”，一般指在行政區域內，而不是國與國之間的界限。11.A.that B．whichC．/ D．where答案：B定語從句的引導詞位于介詞后且先行詞為物時，引導詞應用which。12．A.takepartin B．attendtoC．lookat D．dependon答案：D上句說“自然供應應我們賴以生存的環境資源”，故此處表示“我們都相互依靠著彼此的行為和對待自然資源的方式”。dependon“依靠；依靠”，符合題意。13．A.heard B．recognizedC．reported D．said答案：B句意：我們都意識到，我們正過度揮霍大自然現有的資源。recognize“意識到”。14．A.by B．inC．with D．at答案：D表示“以……的速度、進度”，用介詞at。15．A.recover B．removeC．react D．recreate答案：A依據上文語境：人類過度運用自然資源可知，人類沒有方法使環境剛好復原(recover)。16．A.nowadays B．inthefutureC．recently D．atpresent答案：B由continue“接著”可知，inthefuture“在將來”，符合題意。17．A.express B．conveyC．adopt D．adapt答案：C本句意為：或許我們應當實行(adopt)一種整體的觀點去看待大自然……18．A.alienable B．separatedC．inalienable D．divided答案：C自然就是我們，我們是自然不行分割的一部分，所以應以最恰當的方式對待它。inalienable“不行分割的”，符合題意。19．A.carefor B．becarefulC．lookout D．takecare答案：Acarefor“愛惜；照看；照料”，此處表示愛惜自然環境。其余三項意為“當心”，均不符合題意。20．A.Until B．SinceC．Only D．Till答案：C本句的語序為倒裝語序。在英語中以“only＋狀語”放在句子開頭時，句子要運用倒裝語序。Ⅱ.閱讀理解A(2024·陜西省部分學校摸底檢測)Scientistsarepreparingtolaunchtheworld'sfirstmachinetocleanuptheplanet'slargestmassofoceanplastic.Theexpertsbelievethemachineshouldbeabletocollecthalfofthedetritusinthepatch—about40,000metrictons—withinfiveyears.Inthepastfewweekstheyhavebeenbusyweldingtogethergianttubesthatwillsitonthesurfaceoftheseaandformtheskeletoneq\a\vs4\al(W1)ofthemachine,creatingthelargestfloatingbarrierevermade.Thesystem,originallydreamtupbyMrSlat,willbeshippedoutthissummertotheGreatPacificGarbagePatch,betweenHawaiiandCalifornia,whichcontainsestimated1.8trillionpiecesofplastic.Itwillbethefirsteverattempttotacklethepatchsinceitwasdiscoveredin1997.MrSlatwas16andstillatschoolwhenhewasdivinginGreeceandfirstsawforhimselftheamountofplasticpollutingthesea.“Thereweremorebagsthanfishdownthere，”herecalls.Twoyearslaterhecameupwitheq\a\vs4\al(P)asolution,quituniversityaftersixmonthsandsetupTheOceanCleanupasacompany.MrSlatsaysthefirstplastictoarriveonshorewillbeamajormilestone.“Weashumanitycreatedthisproblem,soIthinkit'salsoourresponsibilitytohelpsolveit，”hesays.TheGreatPacificGarbagePatch(GPGP)coversanareaof1.6millionsquarekilometersandcontainsatleast79,000tonsofplastic,researchfoundlastmonth.Mostofitismadeupof“ghostgear”—partsofabandonedandlostfishinggear,suchasnetsandropes—oftenfromillegalfishingvessels.Ghostgearkillsmorethan100,000whales,dolphinsandsealseachyear,accordingtoscientificsurveys.Seabirdsandothermarineeq\a\vs4\al(W2)lifeareincreasinglybeingfounddeadwithstomachsfullofsmallpiecesofplastic.Creatureseatplasticdiscardedintheseathinkingit'sfoodbutthenstarvetodeathbecausetheyarenotfeedingproperly.Othersaretrappedanddieofstarvationorarestrangledeq\a\vs4\al(W3)orsuffocatedeq\a\vs4\al(W4)byghostgear.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了世界首個海洋垃圾清掃機的獨創。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A．Waste. B．Ocean.C．System. D．Machine.答案：A詞義揣測題。依據其次段畫線詞前的“collecthalfof”，第四段第一句中的“firstsawforhimselftheamountofplasticpollutingthesea”和第五段最終一句中的“partsofabandonedandlostfishinggear,suchasnetsandropes—oftenfromillegalfishingvessels”可推知，畫線詞的意思是“垃圾”，故選A。2．WhichonemakesupmostofthegarbageinPacificfromthepassage?A．Fishingvessels. B．Dolphinsandseals.C．Gianttubes. D．Abandonedfishinggear.答案：D細微環節理解題。依據第五段最終一句“Mostofitismadeupof‘ghostgear’—partsofabandonedandlostfishinggear,suchasnetsandropes—oftenfromillegalfishingvessels.”可知，太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由廢棄的釣魚用具組成的。3．WhydosomecreaturesinTheGreatPacificGarbagePatchdieofstarvation?A．Becausetheyarekilledbyghostgear.B．Becausetheyaresuffocatedbyghostgear.C．Becausetheydon'tlikeeatingplastic.D．Becausetheyarenotfeedingproperly.答案：D細微環節理解題。依據最終一段倒數其次句中的“butthenstarvetodeathbecausetheyarenotfeedingproperly”可知，太平洋垃圾帶的一些生物死于饑餓是因為它們不能真正地進食。4．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Areportaboutthedeathofmarinelife.B．Newsaboutthefirstmachinetocleanupoceanplastic.C．Informationaboutoceanplastic.D．Thereasonforinventingamachine.答案：B主旨大意題。本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了世界首個海洋垃圾清掃機的獨創。第一段“Scientistsarepreparingtolaunchtheworld'sfirstmachinetocleanuptheplanet'slargestmassofoceanplastic.”點明白文章的主題，故選B。eq\a\vs4\al(W重點單詞)1．skeletonn.(建筑物等的)構架；框架；骨架2．marineadj.海洋的；海產的3．stranglevt.抑制；扼死4．suffocatevt.(使某人)窒息而死eq\a\vs4\al(P重點短語)comeupwith(突然)想起B(2024·廣東省惠州市高三第一次調研考試)WorkersatanIndianstart-upcompanyarebusycuttingmetalintopiecesandusingthemtomakeunusualdevices.Companyofficialssaythesedeviceswillcapturesmokefromdieseleq\a\vs4\al(W1)generatorsandturnitintoink.YoungengineersbelievethetechnologywillhelptocleanuptheairinNewDelhi,India'scapital.Itsairqualityisamongthedirtiestintheworld.PeopleoftenblamethemillionsofcarsonthestreetsofNewDelhiforeq\a\vs4\al(P1)theairpollution.Butanotherbigreasonisthecity'sdieselgenerators.Industriesandbuildingsusethehugemachinestolightuphomesandofficesduringpoweroutageseq\a\vs4\al(W2).Theseoutagesoftenstrikeinthesummermonths.ArpitDhuparisoneofthethreeengineerswhosetupthestart-upcompanyChakrInnovation.Hesaysthatpollutionfromcarsandothervehiclesgetsallthemediaattention,butaddsthat“thesilentpollutersarethedieselgenerators”.Dhupardecidedtofindawaytofightairpollutionthreeyearsago.Atthetime,hesawawallblackenedfromthesmokecomingfromadieselgenerator.ThissightledtothecreationofChakrInnovation.Dhuparhadpersonallyexperiencedtheeffectoftheairpollution.HedevelopedbreathingproblemswhilegrowingupinDelhi.Afterovertwoyearsofresearchanddevelopment,ChakrInnovationhasbegunsellingdevicestocapturepollutionfromdieselgenerators.Todateeq\a\vs4\al(P2)，thedeviceshavebeensetupin50places,includingprivatebusinesses.Thetechnologyinvolvescoolingtheairpollutionina“heatexchanger”wherethedirtyparticlescometogether.Thesearethenmovedintoanotherareathatcaptures70to90percentoftheparticulate(微粒的)matter.Thecarbonisisolatedfromtheemissionsandturnedintoink.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenalotoftalkaboutimprovingDelhi'sairbyreducingvehicularpollutionandmakingstrongerrulesforvehiclemanufacturers.Butthesamehasnothappenedfordieselgenerators.Thereareeffortstopunishbusinessesthatdirtytheair,butthisoftenleadstothemfindingwaystogetaroundeq\a\vs4\al(P3)therules.TusharMathurworksatChakrInnovation.Hefeelsthatturningsmokeintoinkisausefulsolution.Hecallsthetechnology“awin-winbetweenbusinessesandtheenvironment”.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文，通過介紹印度新德里的環境狀況，向我們介紹了把煙變成墨水的一種改善環境的解決方法。5．WhatdoweknowaboutthedevicesfromParagraph1?A．Theyaremadeinabigcompany.B．Theyarecutintopiecesofmetal.C．Theycanturndirtysmokeintoink.D．Theywillcertainlycleanupthedirtyair.答案：C細微環節理解題。依據第一段其次句“Companyofficialssaythesedeviceswillcapturesmokefromdiesel(柴油)generatorsandturnitintoink.”可知，它們可以把污濁的煙變成墨水。6．TheairpollutioninNewDelhimaybethemostseriousin________.A．March B．JulyC．September D．December答案：B推理推斷題。依據其次段可知，在新德里除了車輛所產生的污染物外，柴油發電機是空氣污染的另一個重要的緣由，而最終一句說明夏天是停電的高峰期，而柴油發電機明顯是在停電期間運用最多，可推斷出夏季很可能是空氣污染最嚴峻的季節，故選B項。7．WhatcausedDhupartofoundChakrInnovation?A．Thedeterminationtofightairpollution.B．Thedevelopmentofbreathingproblems.C．Themediaattentiontovehicularpollution.D．Thesightofawallblackenedbysmoke.答案：D細微環節理解題。依據第三段中的“Atthetime,hesawawallblackenedfromthesmokecomingfromadieselgenerator.ThissightledtothecreationofChakrInnovation.”可知，一堵被煙熏黑的墻使Dhupar創立了ChakrInnovation，故選D項。8．Whenthedeviceworks,howarethedirtyparticlesgatheredtogether?A．Bycoolingthepollutedair.B．Byisolatingtheemissions.C．Bymovingthedirtyparticles.D．Bycapturingtheparticulatematter.答案：A細微環節理解題。依據第五段第一句“Thetechnologyinvolvescoolingtheairpollutionina‘heatexchanger’wherethedirtyparticlescometogether.”可知，在一個“熱交換器”里冷卻空氣污染物就能使臟顆粒聚集起來。eq\a\vs4\al(W重點單詞)1．dieseln.柴油機；柴油2．outagen.中斷供應；電力中斷eq\a\vs4\al(P重點短語)1．blame...for因……而責怪2．todate至今；迄今為止3．getaround躲避課后演練二[基礎題]Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．Manysmallfactoriesinthatcountrycloseddownforlackoff________.答案：fuels2．Hes________thathehadneverseenhimbefore.答案：stated3．Heiso________tocurrenttrendsinlanguagelearning.答案：opposed4．Theobjectoftheseexperimentswastofindtheconnectionbetweenthetwop________.答案：phenomena5．Peoplet________toneedlesssleepastheygetolder.答案：tendⅡ.選詞填空comeabout,subscribeto,quantitiesof,goup,resultin,beopposedto,evenif,keepon,rangefrom...to...,buildup1．Howdidit________thatheknewwherewewere?答案：comeabout2．I________anumberofjournalsconcernedwithmysubject.答案：subscribeto3．Inflationmayberising,if(itis)so,priceswill________.答案：goup4．Thereformhas________tremendouschangesinourcountry.答案：resultedin5．Publicopinion________thewar.答案：wasopposedto6．Thissupermarkethasvariousthings,________food________clothes.答案：rangingfrom;to7．________Ihavetowalkalltheway,I'llgetthere.答案：Evenif8．________goingtillyoucometoaredbrickbuilding.答案：Keepon9．Hehas________hisownbusiness.答案：builtup10．Thepolicediscovered________armshiddeninthecave.答案：quantitiesofⅢ.單句語法填空1．Hewouldbeopposedto________(change)theplan.答案：changing2．Youcan'talwaysdependonothers________(help)you.答案：tohelp3．Thoughheislessthanoneyearold,heisstrongenoughtowalk________(steady)．答案：steadily4．Those________(trap)intheburningbuildingmanagedtoescape.答案：trapped5．David,oneofmybestfriends,didnotsubscribe________myproposal,which,ofcourse,mademeratherdisappointed.答案：to6．Thestreetwasblockedas________consequenceoftheheavysnow.答案：a7．After________(glance)atthebaby,themotherleftquickly.答案：glancing8．Howdid________comeaboutthattheprisonerescapedfromtheprison?答案：it9．Theconditionwasleftuntreated,eventually________(result)inblindness.答案：resulting10．Youshouldeatalittle________ifyoudon'tlikethefood.答案：evenⅣ.單句改錯1．Whetherhecancontinuetoworkinthecompanydependswhetherhecangraspthechance.__________________________________答案：depends后加on/upon2．ItwaslastsummerwhenIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.__________________________________答案：when→that3．Idon'tsubscribetotheviewwhichgirlsareslowerthanboysinmiddleschool.__________________________________答案：which→that4．Thesepolicieshaveres