話題32自然環境保護Ⅰ.閱讀理解ItisnowChinathatholdsthecrownofhigh－speedtraincapitaloftheworld.Herearesomeofourpicksforthegreatesthigh－speedrailjourneys.TheShangri－LaTrainCurrentlythelongesthigh－speedrailrouteintheworldandtakinglessthan11hourstotravelmorethan2，700kmonthequickestservice，theBeijingtoKunmingtrainisatrulyepichigh－speedtrainjourney.ThetrainisnamedinhonorofoneofYunnan’smostfamouscities，mythicalShangri－La.ThePandaTrainTakingbetween12and13hourstotravel1，690km，thistrainzipsalongfromanancientChinesecapitaltothepandacapitaloftheworld.Inroute，thetrainpassesthroughYichang.It’sherethatyoucanstopoffforaglimpseofthemassiveThreeGorgesDam.TheSilkRoadTrainThefirsthigh－speedtraintoextendoutintoChina’svastwesternregionsconnectsthe1，776kilometersbetweenUrumqi，capitalofXinjiang，andLanzhou，capitalofGansu，inalittleunder12hours.ThetrainfollowstheancientSilkRoadviathetownofTurpan，geographicallythelowestplaceinChinaat154mbelowsealevel.TheIslandTrainWhenitopenedin2015，thiswastheworld’sfirstcircularhigh－speedrail－wayline，whirling650kmaroundsouthChina’stropicalHainanisland，inaboutfivehours，providingpassengerswithwonderfulviewsoftheSouthChinaSeaandthebestbeaches.【語篇解讀】本文是應用文。文章主要介紹了中國的四條知名的高鐵旅行路線。1.WhatdoweknowaboutTheShangri－LaTrain?A.It’snamedafteracityofYunnan.B.Ithastheroughestrouteofthefour.C.Itrunsataspeedof245km/halltheway.D.Ittravelsalongthelongestrailwayintheworldnow.答案A[細節理解題。根據TheShangri－LaTrain部分中的“ThetrainisnamedinhonorofoneofYunnan’smostfamouscities，mythicalShangri－La.”可知，TheShangri－LaTrain是以云南最著名的城市之一香格里拉命名的。由此可知，TheShangri－LaTrain是以云南的一個城市命名的。]2.Allthetrainslistedbelowruninlandexcept.A.TheShangri－LaTrain B.ThePandaTrainC.TheSilkRoadTrain D.TheIslandTrain答案D[細節理解題。根據TheIslandTrain部分可知，TheIslandTrain是環海南島的一條高鐵線路，由此可知，TheIslandTrain不是內陸列車。]3.Whomaybeinterestedinthetextmost?A.Anagent. B.Atraveller.C.Adriver. D.Adesigner.答案B[讀者對象題。根據第一段可知，本文主要介紹了中國的四條知名的高鐵旅行路線，由此可推斷，文章與旅行相關，旅行者可能對此篇文章最感興趣。]AtopmotorshowopenedonTuesdaywithexhibitorsdisplayingtheirlatestinnovationsinelectriccarsinMunich，whereAngelaMerkelsaidtheindustryshouldbepartofthesolutiontoclimatechange.Attheopeningceremonyofthe2021InternationalMotorShowGermany，MerkeltalkedabouthowtheGermanautoindustrywasunwillingtogointothedevelopmentofelectriccarsseveralyearsago，andonlyregardedthemasconceptcars.Shethentalkedaboutthehugeprogresstowardelectriccarsinthelastfewyears.“Iampleasedthatitisnowunmistakablethatthetrendistowardelectriccars，”saidMerkel.Shecautionedagainstfocusingonlyonbattery－poweredcars，sayingcarmakersshouldalsoexploreotheravailableenergysuchashydrogen.“Themotorindustryisnotjustpartoftheclimateproblem，butaboveeverythingelse，acentralpartofthesolution.”AccordingtotheDigitalAutoReport2021，climatechangehasmadeabigdifferencetomobilityworldwide.Itfoundthemajorityofpeoplearewillingtochangetheirpersonalmobilitybehaviourinordertoreducecarbondioxideemissions(排放物)，with70percentofrespondentsinGermany，97percentinChinaand52percentintheUnitedStatesinfavourofreducingtheircarbonfootprint.SwitchingtoanelectricvehicleisthepreferredmeasureforachievingthisgoalinChinaandintheUS，whileGermanswouldliketodomorewalkingorcycling.However，inlightofthewidespreadvirus，manypeopledon’ttravelbybusorsubwayasusual.Thisprovidesgreatopportunitiesforthedevelopmentofthemotorindustry.Thoughindustrialleadersareadvertisingtheirideaforelectriccarsandtheirsustainability，environmentalistsarenothappywiththat.Localpolicehadexpectedtherewouldbe60，000peopleonSaturdaytoprotestagainsttheshow.Ontheopeningday，activistswereseenholdingbanners(橫幅)andhangingthemfrombridgesabovemotorways，withwords“Stopdrivingclimatechange”.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章圍繞德國國際車展展開，以此來分析汽車行業的發展趨勢、發展原因以及環保人士對此的看法。4.WhatdoesMerkelexpecttheGermanmotorindustrytodo?A.Explorealternativeenergysources.B.Beawareofthefunctionofconceptcars.C.Concentrateonbattery－poweredcars.D.Becautiousaboutdevelopingelectriccars.答案A[細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Shecautionedagainstfocusingonlyon...exploreotheravailableenergysuchashydrogen”可知，默克爾希望汽車行業不要只關注由電池驅動的汽車，也應該探索其他像氫氣這樣的可替代能源。]5.Whatdoes“This”underlinedinParagraph3referto?A.TheChineseturningtoelectriccars.B.ThebigmobilitychangeinAmerica.C.TheGermans’preferenceforcycling.D.Thelowdemandforpublictransport.答案D[代詞指代題。根據第三段中的“However，inlightofthewidespreadvirus，manypeopledon’ttravelbybusorsubwayasusual”可知，由于病毒，許多人都不像往常那樣乘坐公共汽車或者地鐵出行了，也就是說人們對公共交通的需求少了，這為汽車行業的發展提供了機遇。]6.Whatistheenvironmentalists’attitudetowardthedevelopmentofelectriccars?A.Doubtful. B.Cautious.C.Unfavourable. D.Positive.答案C[觀點態度題。根據最后一段中的“environmentalistsarenothappywiththat”和“activistswereseenholdingbanners(橫幅)...‘Stopdrivingclimatechange’”可知，環保主義者對電動汽車行業的發展持不贊成的態度。]7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ClimateChangeLeadstoDownwardMobilityB.GermanMotorShowFocusesonCleanFutureC.ClimateChangeRestructurestheMotorIndustryD.GermanMotorShowDisplaystheNewestModels答案B[標題歸納題。文章首段介紹了在德國國際車展上，參展商展示了他們在電動汽車方面的最新發明。第二段引用默克爾在車展上的講話，揭示了電動汽車的發展趨勢，緊接著第三段作者分析了電動汽車發展的原因，最后一段介紹了環保人士對此的看法。]Comparedwiththeobviousenvironmentalissueswehearabouteveryday，litteringoftentakesabackseat—butit’smorepressingthanwemaythink.Somemaysaythatabananapeeloutofyourcaralongthemotorwaywouldbeaharmlessaction.Actually，theyarewrong.Abananapeelcantakeuptotwoyearstodecompose(分解)，andwithathirdofmotoristsadmittingtolitteringwhiledriving，that’sawholelotofdiscardedbananapeels，ormuchworse.Anorangepeelandacigarettebutthasasimilarbiodegrading(生物降解)termtothatofabanana，buttinandaluminiumcanslastupto100years，andplasticbottleslastforever，sodoglassbottlesandplasticbags.Despitethefactthatlonger－lastingmaterialswillservetodamagetheenvironmentanditsanimalsforlonger，wecan’tonlymeasuretheseverityofacertaintypeofrubbishbyitslifetime.Forexample，despitehavingafairlyshortbiodegradingspan，morethan120tonsofcigarette－relatedlitteristhrownawayintheUKeveryday.Similarly，ourregularlitteringhereandtherehascausedtheUK’smousepopulationtoincreaseby60million.Thissuddenlyisn’tsomysteriouswhenyouconsiderthatsincethe1960sourannuallitteringhasincreasedbyanamazing500percent.It’snotacheaphabiteither：UKtaxpayersspent￡500milliononkeepingthestreetsclean.So，it’snotsurprisingthatifcaughtfly－tipping，youcouldfacea￡20，000fine.Regardlessofhowseverethepunishmentmightseem，however，amongthereportedcasesonly2，000werepunishedoutof825，000，sowestillhavesomewaytogoinmakingsurepeopleobservetherules.Totakebackourbeautifulcities，weneedtodomorethansimplynotleavingrubbishwhereitoughtnottobe.Weneedtocaremoreabouttheworldaroundus.【語篇解讀】本文是議論文。文章主要討論了與日常談論的環保問題相比，亂扔垃圾往往被置于次要地位——但它比我們想象的更緊迫。8.Whichofthefollowingiseasiesttodecomposecomparatively?A.Anorangepeel. B.Aplasticbag.C.Analuminiumcan. D.Aglassbottle.答案A[細節理解題。根據第二段中“Anorangepeelandacigarettebutthas...sodoglassbottlesandplasticbags.”可知，橘子皮相比較其他三種東西更容易分解。]9.WhatcanweknowfromPara.3?A.AnnuallitteringhasincreasedalittleinUKsincethe1960s.B.Shorter－lastingmaterialswillbelessharmfultotheenvironment.C.Cigarette－relatedlitterisasevereenvironmentalprobleminUK.D.RegularlitteringhascausedtheUK’smousepopulationtoreach60million.答案C[推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“Despitethefactthatlonger－lastingmaterialswillserve...isthrownawayintheUKeveryday.”可知，在英國，與香煙有關的垃圾是一個嚴重的環境問題。A、B、D項均與原文不符。]10.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeUK’spunishmentonlitteringaccordingtoPara.4?A.Everylittlehelps. B.Adropinthebucket.C.Nopains，nogains. D.Morehaste，lessspeed.答案B[推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“Regardlessofhowseverethepunishmentmightseem...inmakingsurepeopleobservetherules.”可知，關于在垃圾上的處罰是遠遠不夠的。結合選項意思可知，B項符合題意。A項意為“積少成多”；B項意為“杯水車薪”；D項意為“欲速則不達”。]11.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Rubbishcollection—anurgenttaskB.Environmentissue—abigconcernC.Littering—asurprisinglybigissueD.Long－lastingmaterial—ahiddendanger答案C[標題歸納題。根據文章第一段以及最后一段可知，文章主要講的是亂扔垃圾是一個驚人的大問題。]Ⅱ.七選五(2024·威海二模)Afuturewhereinsectsmakeupalargepartoftheworld’sdietisonthehorizon.Despitetheunpleasantnatureofsuchcuisine,insectshavebeenconsideredadelicacyinsomepartsofworldforcenturies.Theirbeinglow－fatandhigh－proteinmakesthemaperfectchoiceforreducinghunger.1Animalproteinfromlivestock(家畜),suchascows,chickensandpigs,takesup80percentoftheentireworld’sfarmland,despiteonlymakinguplessthanone－fifthofcaloriesconsumedglobally.2Thusitwouldsupportavarietyofbiodiversityasnatureintended.Insectssuchasgrasshoppers,mealwormsandcricketsarepackedfullofproteinwithmuchhighervitaminlevelsthanporkorbeef.3Greenhousegasemissionsthroughthisprocessarealsoverylittle,withinsectwastemakingexcellentfertilizer(肥料)foragriculturalsoil.Itseemsthatinsectsareanidealsolutiontomanyissuestheworldtodayisfacedwith.4UrbanareasofAsia,EuropeandNorthAmericaaremostlikelytoassociateinsectswithdirtinsteadofasatastymeal.Timesarechanging.TheEuropeanUnionlastyeardeclaredthatmealwormsweresafeforhumanconsumption.Cricketproteinpowderisalsoincreasinggreatlyinpopularity,withCanadarapidlybecomingthelargestmarketfortheproduct.5Asweexploreoursolarsystem,efficientmeansofproducinganimalbased－proteinswillbecomevital.Nonearemoreefficientspace－wisethaninsects.AndthecoloniesofthefuturecouldwellfindthemselvesenjoyingfriedcricketswithapintofbeerwhilewatchingtheMartiansunset.A.Theyalsohaveahostofenvironmentalbenefits.B.Insectsreproducequicklyandhavehighgrowthrates.C.Unlikeagriculture,insectsproducefar