Britain

ThePoliticalSystemContents

1.Britain’sPoliticalSystem2.TheMonarch

3.TheParliament4.TheCabinet5.TheJudiciary1.Britain’sPoliticalSyetemBritainadoptsconstitutionalmonarchyasitsformofgovernment.Thissystemstartedattheendofthe17thcentury.TheBritishConstitutionprescribesthattheheadofstatemustbetheMonarch(theKingorQueen),inthenameofwhomtheBritishgovernmentadministersthecountry.TheKingorQueenundertakesthefunctionoftheproprietyperformingtheformalrightsinthelightofthedecisionsmadebythegovernment.ThePrimeMinisterandtheCabinet(establishedbythePartywiththemajorityofParliamentaryseats;consistingofallthemostseniorgovernmentdepartmentheads)arecollectivelyaccountablefortheirpoliciesandactionstotheSovereign,toParliament,totheirpoliticalpartyandultimatelytotheelectorate.1.Britain’sPoliticalSyetemTheBritishgovernmentisthefirstonetobeestablishedonthebasisoftheseparationofpowers,thatis,thethreebranchesofthenationalpower:thelegislature,theexecutiveandthejudiciary.Inprinciple,thelegislativepowerisinthechargeofParliament;theexecutivepowerisinthehandofthegovernmentandthejudicialtheCourt.Butinpractice,thelegislatureandtheexecutiveinBritainareintegratedintoaunity,becausethePrimeMinisterandtheCabinetmembersoftheexecutivecomefromthelegislature:Parliament.Therefore,theconstitutionofBritainisoftendescribedashaving“aweakseparationofpowers”.2.

TheMonarchTheKingorQueenisregardedastheoriginof

allthepowersandthepersonificationofthestate.ButtheKingorQueenisjustthesymbolofthewholenationwithnopracticalpower.EverythingthattheMonarchdoeshasbeendecidedinadvancebyParliamentandtheCabinet,suchastheappointmentoftheministersinthegovernment,theopeningspeechofParliament,theoutlineofthegovernment’sprogrammeandthedeclarationofwars,etc.3.TheParliamentTheBritishsystemofParliamentstartedin1264,chieflymadeupoftwoparts:theHouseofLords(ortheUpperHouse)andtheHouseofCommons(ortheLowerHouse).

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TheHouseofLords

Thisistheupperchamberbuttheonewithlessauthority.ItsmainrolesaretoreviselegislationandkeepacheckonGovernmentbyscrutinisingitsactivities.

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