23北京四合院

四合院的文化意義

四合院是中國傳統建筑的重要形式之一，具有深厚的歷史文化意義。在北京這座歷史文

化名城中，四合院更是占有著不可替代的地位，既是北京古城區傳統居住建筑的代表，又是

中國傳統建筑文化的瑰寶之一。

四合院與北京歷史文化的關系

北京作為中國古代重要城市，自元朝以來就成為了中國政治、文化、經濟中心之一。在

歷經數百年的演變發展中，北京形成了獨具特色的歷史文化風貌，四合院就是其中的重要代

表之一。四合院建筑始于元代，至明清時期達到鼎盛，是北京歷史文化的重要組成部分。

首先，四合院是北京歷史文化的重要見證。四合院在北京的歷史發展過程中扮演了重要

的角色，是北京傳統居住建筑的代表之一，記錄了北京人民幾百年來的生活和文化，是北京

歷史文化的見證。四合院中所體現的社會結構、生活方式、文化特征等，都具有非常重要的

歷史價值，為后人研究了解北京古代文化提供了重要資料。

其次，四合院是北京文化的重要代表。北京是中國的文化中心之一，擁有悠久的文化歷

史和獨特的文化傳統。四合院建筑既融合了漢族傳統建筑的風格特征，也吸收了外來文化的

精華，形成了獨特的北京風格，是北京文化的重要代表之一。在四合院的建筑結構、建筑材

料、裝飾藝術等方面，都體現了北京文化的獨特魅力。

北京四合院作為中國傳統建筑的代表之一，具有深厚的歷史文化底蘊和建筑藝術價值。

作為北京歷史文化的重要組成部分，四合院不僅體現了城市化進程中的建筑演變和文化傳承,

同時也承載了傳統文化的精神內涵，成為了當代人們重要的文化資源和精神財富。

一、閱讀理解

A

?WalkinginthehutongsofBeijing,you'llseeayardwiththehousesandwallsonthe

foursides.Itiscalled"Siheyuan”,atraditionalbuildinginChina.meanseast,west,southand

northand"he"showsthetraditionalvaluesofChinesefamilies.

@Thebiggatewaspaintedred,becauseredisthesymbolofluckandhappiness.Behind

thegate,alargescreenwallwouldstand.InthecenteroftheSiheyuan,thecourtyardwasplanted

withtreesandflowers,withtwostonypathsleadingtothehousesoneachside.

（3）Thewholebuildingusuallyfacessouth,withamainroomonthenorthernside,an

oppositeroominthesouth,andeasternandwesternwings（廂房）oneachside.Theoldusually

liveinthemainroomwhichhasgoodlightingandtemperatureallyearround,whiletheyoung

wouldliveinotherwings.

④Today,influencedbysocialchanges,mosthouseshavebeentakendownwhilethe

othersthatremaintillthesedaysaremostlyimprovedtomakethemfitfortoday'smodemliving.

ThismakesSiheyuanavaluablememoryoftheoldBeijingcity.

?Luckily,architects（建筑!）市）havebeentryingtoachieveaperfectmixofthemodern

andthetraditionalculture.Forexample,theplacewhereathletesstayedduringthe2022Winter

OlympicsinBeijingweredesignedintheshapeofSiheyuan.

⑥Siheyuan'ssymmetry（對稱的）designandsharedspacesshowthevaluesdeepin

Chinesepeople'shearts,suchasbeliefinbalanceandtheimportanceoffamilyandrespectfor

olderpeople.Nomatterhowsocietyhaschanged,SiheyuanisalwaysseenasasymbolofChina's

richculture.WhenyoucometoBeijing,dovisitaSiheyuantofeeltheheartoftheBeijing's

culture!

1.Inwhatcolumn（欄目）canyoureadthepassageinthenewspaper?

A.Natureandanimal.B.Foodandhealth.C.Scienceand

technology.D.Travelandculture.

2.WhichpositionshowswheretheoldpeopleliveinSiheyuan?

A.①B.（2）C.（3）D.（4）

3.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?

A."Si"meansfourdirectionsand"he"meanswealthandhappiness.

B.ThebiggateofSiheyuanisusuallypaintedred,greenandblack.

C.MostoftheSiheyuanaren'tkeptwellbecauseofsocialchanges.

D.Siheyuanshowstheimportanceoffamilyandcarefortheyoung.

4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthispassage?

A.

B.

C.

D.

【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.A

【知識點】景點/建筑、說明文、中華文化

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了四合院。

1.推理判斷題。根據文章可知，本文主要介紹了四合院，屬于中國文化的一部分，由此可

推知可以在“旅游和文化”欄目讀到此文。故選D。

2.細節理解題。根據第三段“Thewholebuildingusuallyfacessouth,withamainroomonthe

northernside...Theoldusuallyliveinthemainroom”可知，整棟建筑通常朝南，北側有一個主

屋，老人通常住在主屋。根據圖上指南針可知，北側的是②。故選B。

3.細節理解題。根據第四段“influencedbysocialchanges,mosthouseshavebeentakendown”

可知，受社會變化的影響，大多數房屋都被拆除了，即由于社會的變化，四合院的大部分沒

有得到很好的保護。故選C。

4.篇章結構題。根據文章可知，第一段介紹了什么是四合院，第二三段介紹了四合院的外

形，第四五段介紹了四合院的發展，最后一段介紹了四合院的文化價值，文章結構是

①/②③/④⑤/⑥。故選A。

B

BeijingsiheyuanisatraditionalhouseinChina."Si"meansthefourdirections（方向）一east,

west,southandnorth."He”meansthatthehousesislikeaChinesecharacter"口”.Beijing

siheyuanhasahistoryofover800years.

Thehousesarebuiltinaspecialway.Siheyuanhasfourparts.Themainhouse,theside

houses,thereverse-facinghouse（彳到座房）andthescreenwall.Theyareconnected（連接）with

wallsandformasquarecourtyard（庭院）inthecentre.

Thehouseonthenorthisthemainhouse.Thehousesontheeastsideandthewestsideare

sidehouses.Thehouseonthesouthisthereverse-facinghouse.Themainhouseisusuallyforthe

oldortheheadofthefamily.Themainhouseisoftenbiggerandbetterthantheotherhouses.The

roomsinthemainhousearebigandbright.Thesidehousesarefortheyoung.Thekitchenandthe

studyareofteninthereverse-facinghouse.Youcancookorreadthere.

Thereisonlyonegateoutside.Behindthegateisthescreenwall.Chinesepeopleusually

makethescreenwallverybeautiful.Theythinkthatthescreenwallcankeepthemawayfrombad

luck.Siheyuanhelpsabigfamilylivetogetherhappily.

5.Howmanypartsdoesasiheyuanhousehave?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

6.Wheredoyoungpeopleliveinasiheyuanhouse?

A.Themainhouse.B.Thesidehouses.

C.Thereverse-facinghouse.D.Behindthegate.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“study"mean?

A.Aroomforreading.B.Aroomforcooking.

C.Aroomforplaying.D.Aroomforhavingmeals.

8.WhyChinesepeoplemakethescreenwall?

A.Becausetheythinkitisbehindthegate.

B.Becausetheythinkitisverybeautiful.

C.Becausetheythinkitcanhelpthemlivetogether.

D.Becausetheythinkitcankeepthemawayfrombadluck.

9.Whafsthebesttitle（標題）ofthepassage?

A.ThehistoryofsiheyuanB.Howtobuildasiheyuan

C.BeijingsiheyuanD.AtraditionalhouseinChina

【答案】5.C6.B7.A8.D9.C

【知識點】景點/建筑、說明文、中華文化

【導語】本文主要介紹了北京四合院的一些知識。

5.細節理解題。根據“Siheyuanhasfourparts.”可知，四合院有四個部分。故選C。

6.細節理解題。根據“Thesidehousesarefbrtheyoung.”可知，廂房是給年輕人住的。故選B。

7.詞句猜測題。根據“Youcancookorreadthere.“可知，可以閱讀的地方應是書房；“study”

表示“讀書的房間”。故選A。

8.細節理解題。根據"Chinesepeopleusuallymakethescreenwallverybeautiful.Theythinkthat

thescreenwallcankeepthemawayfrombadluck."可知，中國人通常把屏風墻做得很漂亮。他

們認為它可以讓他們遠離厄運。故選D。

9.最佳標題題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了北京四合院的一些知識；選項C“北京四合

院”，符合文意。故選C。

C

PeoplesaythattherealcultureofBeijingliesinthecultureofhutongandsiheyuan.How

trueitis!10

Hutongisthenameofasmallstreetbetweenrowsofsiheyuan.Inthepast,therewere

hundredsofsiheyuanaroundtheForbiddenCity.11Itbecameverycommonduringthe

MingandQingDynasties.Itissaidthatby1949therewereasmanyas3,250hutongs.Butastime

wentby,thenumberfellgreatly.12Nowtherearenomorethan1,000andmostofthem

haveturnedintotouristattractionswithstreetfood,shopsandbars.

Inahutong,housesstayclosetooneanother,soitiseasyforlocalpeopletokeepintouch

withtheirneighbors.Youcanseepublicbathrooms,toiletsandshopssellingallkindsofthings

there.13Itisthemainwayforpeopletoimprovetheirrelationships.Whenyouenterthe

hutong,youcanfeelthedeepandwarmrelationshipsamongpeople.14

IfyouwanttoexplorethecultureandexperienceeatingandshoppinginBeijing,youshould

nevermissahutongtour.

A.In2003,only1,500wereleft.

B.Fewpeoplelikelivinghutongs.

C.Chattinghappilyisacommonscene.

D.HutongfirstappearedintheYuanDynasty.

E.TheyshowtheoldlifestyleofpeoplelivinginBeijing.

F.Youcanhardlyfindthisfeelinginotherplacesinthismodernworld.

【答案】10.E11.D12.A13.C14.F

【知識點】中華文化

【導語】本文主要講了北京的主要文化——胡同和四合院的歷史和特點。

10.根據“PeoplesaythattherealcultureofBeijingliesinthecultureofhutongandsiheyuan.

Howtrueitis!”可知，北京真正的文化在于胡同和四合院文化。選項E”它們展示了住在北京

的人們的傳統的生活方式”正是對上句提到的兩種文化的解釋，故選Eo

11.根據"ItbecameverycommonduringtheMingandQingDynasties.”可知，在明清時期，胡

同很普遍。故選項D“胡同首先出現在元代”講胡同的歷史，與下句相符合。故選D。

12.根據“Butastimewentby,thenumberfellgreatly.”可知，隨著時間流逝，數量變少了很多。

故選項A“在2003年，僅剩下1500個了。”正是它數量變少的一個例子。故選A。

13.根據"Itisthemainwayforpeopletoimprovetheirrelationships.”可知，這種公共區域是人

們改善鄰里關系的重要方式。故選項C“愉快地聊天是常見的場景”是鄰里關系的一個表現，

與下句相符。故選C。

14.根據“Whenyouenterthehutong,youcanfeelthedeepandwannrelationshipsamong

people.”可知，在胡同中，你能感到人們之間那種深深的，溫暖的關系。故選項F“在這個現

代世界的其他地方，你很難找到這種感覺。”與上句呼應。故選F。

D

還原句子閱讀短文，從所給的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并將答案寫在答題

卡（紙）的相應位置。其中有一個多余的選項。

AsiheyuanisakindoftraditionalhomeforChinesepeople.SiheyuaninBeijingarethe

mostcommonones.

Asiheyuanhasabigsquare（正方形的）courtyard（院子）inthecenter.15

SiheyuanfollowConfucian（儒家的）ideasofrespectingauthority（尊重權威）andthe

elderly.16Theeldestmemberofthefamilylivesthere.Theeastandwesthousesarefor

thesecondandthirdgenerations（一代人）.Thesouthbuildingisclosesttothegate.Itisusually

forservants（仆人）orguests.

Livinginasiheyuanhelpstokeepeveryfamilymemberclose.Astimewenton,siheyuan

alsobecamelikebigneighborhoodsformanydifferentfamilies.17

Today,tallbuildingshavereplaced（代替）manysiheyuan.18Nearly1,000ofthese

buildingswillbefeatured（被記錄）inTheRecordsofBeijingSiheyuan（《北京四合院志》）.

A.Theysharedhappyandsadtimesinthesamecourtyard.

B.FamilymemberwithbadrelationshipwholiveinSiheyuanwillbecomeclose.

C.Therearefourbuildingsaroundthecourtyard.

D.Inordertoprotect（保護）them,thegovernmentdidacensus（普查）.

E.Thenorthmainhousegetsthemostsunshine.

【答案】15.C16.E17.A18.D

【知識點】景點/建筑、中華文化

【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了中國傳統建筑四合院。

15.根據前文“Asiheyuanhasabigsquare（正方形的）courtyard（院子）inthecenter.”和后文

“SiheyuanfollowConfucian（儒家的）ideasofrespectingauthority（尊重權威）andthe

elderly....Theeldestmemberofthefamilylivesthere.Theeastandwesthousesareforthe

secondandthirdgenerations（一代人）.Thesouthbuildingisclosesttothegate.Itisusuallyfor

servants（仆人）orguests.”可知，此處應該與四合院四周建筑的構成有關，C選項“院子周圍

有四棟建筑。”符合語境。故選C。

16.根據前文“Asiheyuanhasabigsquare（正方形的）courtyard（院子）inthecenter.”和后文

“Theeastandwesthousesareforthesecondandthirdgenerations（一代人）.Thesouthbuildingis

closesttothegate.Itisusuallyforservants（4bA）orguests.”可知，此處應該介紹的四合院的北

邊建筑，E選項“北主屋得到最多的陽光。”符合語境。故選E。

17.根據前文“Livinginasiheyuanhelpstokeepeveryfamilymemberclose.Astimewenton,

siheyuanalsobecamelikebigneighborhoodsformanydifferentfamilies.”可矢口，止匕處與居住在四

合院大的鄰里關系有關，A選項“他們在同一個院子里分享快樂和悲傷的時光。”符合語境。

故選Ao

18.根據"Today,tallbuildingshavereplaced（代替）manysiheyuan."和后文"Nearly1,000of

thesebuildingswillbefeatured（被記錄）inTheRecordsofBeijingSiheyuan（《北京四合院志》）

可知，此處與統計四合院數量有關，D選項“為了保護他們，政府進行了一個普查。”符合語

境。故選D。

E

Oldwaysofliving

SiheyuanisakindoftraditionalhomeforChinesepeople.ThosesiheyuaninBeijingarethe

mosttypical.

Asiheyuanhasabigsquare（正方形的）courtyard（院子）inthecenter.Therearefour

buildingsaroundtheyard.Usually,onesiheyuanisforonefamilytolivein.

SiheyuanfollowsConfucian（儒家的）ideasofrespectingauthority（權威）andtheold.The

northernmainhousereceivesthemostsunshine.Theeldestmemberofthefamilylivesthere.The

eastandwesthousesareforthesecondandthirdgenerations（一代人）.Thesouthernbuildingis

closesttothegate.Itisusuallyforservants（仆人）orguests.

Livinginasiheyuanhelpstokeepeveryfamilymemberclose.Astimewenton,siheyuan

alsobecameabigneighborhoodformanydifferentfamilies.Theysharelaughsandcriesinthe

sameyard.

Today,tallbuildingshavereplaced（代替）manysiheyuan.Inordertoprotectthem,the

governmenthasmadeacensus（普查）.Nearlyathousandofthesebuildingswillbecollectedin

TheRecordsofBeijingSiheyuan（《北京四合院志》）.

19.Asiheyuanhasinthecenter.

A.asmallcirclecourtyardB.abigsquarecourtyard

C.abigtreeD.manybuildings

20.Dotheeldestmembersofthefamilylivewithothermembersinasiheyuan?

A.Yes,theydo.B.No,theydon't.

C.Itdoesn'tsay.D.Wedon'tknow.

21.Theeldestmemberofthefamilylivesin.

A.thenorthernmainhouseB.theeasthouse

C.thewesthouseD.thesouthernhouse

22.Thebuildingisclosesttothegate.

A.northernB.eastC.westD.southern

23.Livinginasiheyuanhelpsto.

A.savemoney

B.keepeveryfamilymemberclose

C.keepeachfamilymemberindependent

D.keepeveryneighborclose

【答案】19.B20.A21.A22.D23.B

【知識點】房屋與住所、說明文、中華文化

【導語】本篇是一篇說明文。文章介紹了代表中國傳統居住特點的四合院，講述了其建筑特

點、風格和傳承的思想。

19.細節理解題。根據“Asiheyuanhasabigsquarecourtyardinthecenter.”可知，四合院中間

有一個大的正方形院子。故選B。

20.推理判斷題。根據"Usually,onesiheyuanisforonefamilytolivein.”可推斷，通常一家人

都在一個四合院住，老人也和他們一起住。故選A。

21.細節理解題。根據“Thenorthernmainhousereceivesthemostsunshine.Theeldestmember

ofthefamilylivesthere.”可知，家里年長的人住在北邊主屋。故選A。

22.細節理解題。根據“Thesouthernbuildingisclosesttothegate.”可知，南邊的建筑離大門

最近。故選D。

23.細節理解題。根據"Livinginasiheyuanhelpstokeepeveryfamilymemberclose.”可知,住

在一個四合院里有助于保持每個家庭成員的親密。故選B。

F

IfyouwanttoknowrealBeijing,walkalongthestreetsofBeijingandvisitasiheyuan.As

traditionalbuildings,siheyuanismostlyseeninnorthernChina.

Atypicalsiheyuanhasabigsquarecourtyard（院子）withfourbuildingsonallfoursides.

Usually,onebigfamilyliveshere.ThedesignofasiheyuanfollowsConfucian（儒家的）ideasof

respectingauthority（權威）andtheold.Thenorthernmainhousegetsthemostsunshine,sothe

eldestmemberofthefamilylivesthere.Theeastandwestwinghousesareforchildrenand

grandchildren.Thesouthernbuildingisclosesttothedoorway.Itisusuallyforservants（仆人）or

guests.Livingunderthesameroofhelpstoformasstrongfamilybond（紐帶）.Everyfamily

memberstaysclosebysharinglaughsandcriestogether.

Butnowadays（如今）,youcan'tseemanyofthesetraditional,beautifulbuildings,butthere

aremanymodern,tallbuildingsinthisbigcity.ThenumberofsiheyuaninBeijinghasdropped

from40,000intheQingDynastyto3,000today.Inordertoprotectsiheyuan,thegovernment

（政府）willdosomething.

24.WherecanyoumostlyseesiheyuaninChina?

A.InnorthernChina.B.InsouthernChina.C.IneasternChina.D.InwesternChina.

25.Whocanliveinthenorthernmainhouse?

A.Theold.B.ChildrenC.ServantsD.Guests

26.Whathappenstosiheyuannowadays?

A.TherearemanysiheyuaninBeijing.B.Thereare40,000siheyuaninBeijing.

C.Siheyuanisbecominglessandless.D.Thegovernmentwillbuildmoresiheyua.

27.Whatmaythewritertalkaboutafterthelastparagraph?

A.Whoownsasiheyuan.B.Howtobuyasiheyuan.

C.Howtoprotectsiheyuan.D.Talkaboutmodernbuildings.

【答案】24.A25.A26.C27.C

【知識點】城市、記敘文、中華文化、文化保護、景點/建筑

【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章向我們介紹了我們美麗的傳統建筑——四合院。

24.細節理解題。根據"Astraditionalbuildings,siheyuanismostlyseeninnorthernChina.“可知

四合院主要分布在中國的北部，故選A。

25.細節理解題。根據“Thenorthernmainhousegetsthemostsunshine,sotheeldestmemberof

thefamilylivesthere.”可知北面的主房可以得到最多的陽光，所以家庭中最年邁的人住在那，

故選Ao

26.細節理解題。根據"ThenumberofsiheyuaninBeijinghasdroppedfrom40,000intheQing

Dynastyto3,000today.”可知北京四合院的數量已經從清朝的4萬間減少到今天的3000間，

故選Co

27.推理判斷題。根據"Butnowadays,youcan'tseemanyofthesetraditional,beautifulbuildings,

buttherearemanymodem,tallbuildingsinthisbigcity.”可知這些傳統的美麗的建筑正在大量

減少，所以推測接下來作者應該談論如何保護這些四合院，故選C。

二、任務型閱讀

閱讀下面的短文，根據短文內容回答問題。

IfyouwanttoknowrealBeijing,walkalongthestreetsofBeijingandvisitasiheyuan.As

traditionalbuildings,siheyuanismostlyseeninnorthernChina.Atypicalsiheyuanhasabig

squarecourtyard（院子）withfourbuildingsonallfoursides.Usually,onebigfamilyliveshere.

ThedesignofasiheyuanfollowsConfucian（儒家的）ideasofrespectingauthority（敬畏權威）

andtheold.Thenorthernmainhousegetsthemostsunshine,sotheeldestfamilylivesthere.The

eastandwestwinghousesareforchildrenandgrandchildren.Thesouthernbuildingisclosestto

thedoorway.Itisusuallyforservants（仆人）orguests.Livingunderthesameroofhelpstoform

（形成）astrongfamilybond（紐帶）.Everyfamilymemberstaysclosebysharinglaughsandcries

together.

Butnowadays,youcan'tseemanyofthesetraditional,beautifulbuildings,butthereare

manymodern,tallbuildingsinthisbigcity.ThenumberofsiheyuaninBeijinghasdroppedfrom

40,000intheQingDynastyto3,000today.Toprotectsiheyuan,thegovernment（政府）willdo

something.

28.Whereissiheyuanmostlyseen?

29.Whydoestheeldestfamilyliveinthenorthernmainhouse?

30.Whoisthesouthernbuildingusuallyfor?

31.Whatisgoodaboutlivingunderthesameroof?

32.Willthenumberofsiheyuankeepdropping?Why?

【答案】28.InnorthernChina.29.Becausethenorthernmainhousegetsthemostsunshine.

30.Itisusuallyforservantsorguests.31.Livingunderthesameroofhelpstoformastrong

familybond.32.No,itwon't.Becausethegovernmentwilldosomethingtoprotectit.

【知識點】景點/建筑、說明文、中華文化

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了美麗的傳統建筑——四合院；四合院的設計遵

循了儒家尊老敬老的思想；但隨著時代的發展，很多傳統建筑被現代建筑所取代，導致保存

下來的四合院不多了。

28.根據第一段"Astraditionalbuildings,siheyuanismostlyseeninnorthernChina."可知，作為

傳統建筑，四合院多見于中國北方。故填InnorthernChina.

29.根據第一段“Thenorthernmainhousegetsthemostsunshine,sotheeldestfamilylivesthere.^^

可知，北邊的主屋日照最多，所以最年長的一家就住在那里。故填Becausethenorthernmain

housegetsthemostsunshine.

30.根據第——段“Thesouthernbuildingisclosesttothedoorway.Itisusuallyforservantsor

guests.”可知，南房離門口最近，通常是為仆人或客人準備的。故填Itisusuallyforservantsor

guests.

31.根據第一段"Livingunderthesameroofhelpstoformastrongfamilybond.”可知，住在同

一屋檐下有助于形成牢固的家庭紐帶。故填Livingunderthesameroofhelpstoformastrong

familybond.

32.根據最后一段“Toprotectsiheyuan,thegovernmentwilldosomething.”可知，為了保護四

合院，政府會做點事情；據此可知，四合院的數量不會繼續下降，因為政府會想方設法來保

護傳統的建筑。故填No,itwon't.Becausethegovernmentwilldosomethingtoprotectit.

三、短文填空

根據下面短文內容及首字母提示，填寫所缺單詞。

IfyouwanttofeelthesenseofrealBeijing,walkoffthemainstreetsandvisitasiheyuan.As

traditionalbuildings,siheyuanaremostlyseeninn33China.Atypicalsiheyuanhasabig

squarecourtyardw34fourbuildingsonallfoursides.Usually,onebigfamilyliveshere.

Thedesignofasiheyuanf35Confucian(儒家的)ideasofrespectingauthority(權威)

andtheold.Thenorthernmainhousegetsthemostsunshine,s36theeldestmemberof

thefamilylivesthere.Theeastandwestwinghousesareforchildrenandgrandchildren.The

southernbuildingisclosesttothedoorway.Itisusuallyforservants(彳卜人)orguests.Living

underthesameroofhelpstoformass37familybond(紐帶).Everyfamilymemberstays

closebys38laughsandcriestogether*.Later,siheyuandevelopedintoneighborhoodsfor

manydiffe