上海市奉賢區2025屆高三英語二模考試試題（含解析）

考生留意

1.考試時間12（）分鐘，試卷滿分14（）分

2.本考試設試卷和答題紙兩部分，全部答題必需涂（選擇題）或寫（非選擇題）在答題紙上，做

在試卷上一律不得分

3.答題前，務必在答題紙上填寫準考證號和姓名，并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置上，在

答題紙反面清啦地填寫姓名。

I.ListeningComprehension

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.

Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.The

conversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversation

andthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecide

whichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

1.

A.Atanairport.B.Inanoffice.C.Atapolicestation.I）.Ata

travelagency.

【答案】A

【解析】

【分析】

W:Thanksformeetingme.Mr.Hawker.

M:Nicetoseeyou.Doweneedtostopatthebaggageclaimarea?

Q:Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

【詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略。

2.

A.Downjacketsarenowonsale.

B.Shecan,t\vaitforthewintertoarrive.

C.It'shardtoknowhowseverethewinterwillbe.

D.Sheneedsawarmjacket.

【答案】D

【解析】

【分析】

M:Theforecastsaystherewi11beaseverewinter.Areyouprepared?

W:Hardly.1'mwaitingforthenextsaletogetadownjacket.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

【詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略。

3.

A.Learningtodrive.B.Buyingtheinsurance.

C.Buyingacar.D.Takingaplane.

【答案】C

【解析】

【分析】

W:Takeascatinsideandseehowyoufeel.SowillyoutakethePorschethen,sir?

M:Letmechockfirst.Theengine,wheelandtherearmirror.Yes,andIwanttobuy

theinsurance,too.

Q:Whatisthemanprobablydoing?

【詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略。

4.

A.Ericwon'teatvegetablewithoutmeat.

B.Eric1ikesbothvegetableandmeat.

C.SomemeatwillsolveEric*sproblem.

1).Ericisshortofvegetable.

【答案】A

【解析】

【分析】

M:Eric'sproblemisthathedoesn*tcatenoughvegetable.

W:Yeah,herefusestoeatvegetableunlessthereissomemeat.

0:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略。

5.

A.Heisinvasive.B.Heisheroic.

C.Heislife-threatening.D.Heisawkward.

【答案】B

【解析】

【分析】

M:Victorisreallysomething,Henearlygotkilledvhenhetriedtorescueadrewning

boyyesterday.

W:Well,sofarasIknow,thatwasnotthefirstdangeroussituationhewasinfor

others.

Q:WhatkindofpersonisVictoraccordingtotheconversation?

【詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略。

6.

A.Reviewsofthecomedyarenegative.

B.Thereactiontothecomedyisvaried.

C.Thereviewofthenewspaperisone-sided.

I).Mediaareprejudicedagainstthecomedy.

【答案】B

【解析】

【分析】

M:Ihearthatthenewspapergavethatcomedyaterriblereview.

W:Itdependsonwhichnewspaperyouread.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略。

7.

A.Deliverthepackageinperson.

B.Pickupthepackageatthepostoffice.

C.Asktohavethepackagedeliveredtohishome.

D.Findouttheopeninghoursofthepostoffice.

【答案】C

【解析】

【分析】

M:IwishIdidn,thavetomakeaspecialtriptothepostofficetogetmypackage.

W:Well,ifyoucalltheminthemorning,they,11givethepackagetoyourmailcarrier

tobringouttoyou.

Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?

【詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略。

8.

A.11habii*Ibeengraded.

B.Itreceivedalowgrade.

C.Thecommitteeisdiscussingit.

D.Thewomanhasn'thandeditin.

【答案】A

【解析】

【分析】

W:Professor,haveyougradedmytermpaperyet?

M:Totellyouthetruth,I,vebeentiedupincommitteemeetingsallweek.

Q:Whatcanbelearnedaboutthewoman*spaper?

【詳解】此題聽力題，解析略。

9.

A.HehasbeentoSeattlemanytimes.

B.Hehaschairedalotofconferences.

C.Heholdsahighpositioninhiscompany.

D.HelivedinSeattleformanyyears.

【答案】A

【解析】

【分析】

W:DavidsaidthatSeattleisagreatplaceforconferences.

M:Hecertainlyhastheauthoritytomakethatconment.He'sbeentheresooften.

0:WhatdoesthemansayaboutDavid?

【詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略.

10.

A.Itistoolateforthemantogotothetheatre.

B.Peoplehavealreadybeenstandinginlinefortwohours.

C.TheuiciiiiiiubtwaiIfurtwuhumslubuyIlieliukel.

D.Themancanbuyaspecialticketbeforethedramastarts.

【答案】D

【解析】

【分析】

M:Doyouhaveaseatforthedramatomorrow?

W:Nomoreordinaryseats,butwewillsellticketsreservedforhonoredgueststwo

hoursbeforetheperformance.

Q:Whatcanweknowfromtheconversation?

【詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略。

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,

andyouwi11beaskedquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandconversationwi11

bereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion>

readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebest

answertothequestionyouhaveheard.

Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage

11.

A.Theyaregardeners.B.Theysei1vegetables.

C.Theyrunaguesthouse.I).Theyarescientists.

12.

A.Fivehours.B.Eighthours.

C.Twelvehours.D.Fourteenhours.

13.

A.Theyhavedeeperroots.B.Theydon'tneedsunshine.

C.Theyhavewider1eaves.D.TheyhavebiggerFlowers.

【答案】ILC12.A13.C

【解析】

Hello,everyone.WelcomebacktoIliepiogicun.Weal1knowpldiilbneedsunshinetu

grow.Butactually,notallvegetablesneedlotsofsunshine.MarkHoffmanandhis

wifeownaguesthouseinKempton,Illinois.Theyoftenservetheirguestsfresh

vegetablesfromtheirgarden.Foralmosttenyears,theHoffmanshavebeen

experimentingwithshadeplantings.Curiousvisitorsoftenaskhowtheydoit.Here

istheanswer:theygrowtomatoesnearthetreesthatproducealotofshade.Tomato

plantsgrowaslongastheygetfivehoursadayofdirectsunshine,especiallymorning

sun.Thisgoesagainstthetraditionaladvicethattomatoesneedeight,eventwe1ve

hoursadayoffullsun.Infact,plantsandtreerootscansharesomethinginccmmon.

Besidestomatoes,theHoffimansgrowIrishpotatoes.Plantswithwiderleavesseem

todobetterinshadyenvironments.Thepotatoesgrowbetterintheshadethanin

fullsun.

Questions:

WhatdotheHoffmansdofora1iving?

Howmuchdirectsunshinedotomatoplantsactuallyneedeveryday?

WhydoIrishpotatoesgrowbetterinshade?

【11題詳解】

此題為聽力題，解析略。

【12題詳解】

此題為聽力題，解析略。

【13題詳解】

此題為聽力題，解析略。

Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage

14.

A.ItisproducedinsmallquantitiesB.Itissoldatalowerprice.

C.ItisservedmainlyinMcDonald,s.D.Itisgrownfromcowsalone.

15.

A.Thelandandthewatersystemhavebeenpollutedseriously.

B.Notenoughmeathasbeenproducedtomeetpeople'sneeds.

C.Muchlandhasbeenusedupforanimalsandtheirfood.

D.Ithasconsumedfewerandfewernaturalresources.

16.

A.Steaksandhamburgers.B.Animalnights.

C.Thefoodcrisisinthefuture.D.Lab-grownmeat.

【答案】14.B15.C16.I)

【解析】

AccordingtoscientistsintheNetherlands,thesteaksandhamburgersofthefuture

couldbemadenotfromthefleshofcowsbutfromartificialmeatcreatedina

laboratory

Dr.MarkPostfromtheUniversityofMaastrichthasalreadygrownasmallstripof

artificialbeef,aboutihesizeofastickingplaster,usingcellsfromacow,and

expectstohaveawholeartificialhamburgerreadytoeatinOctober.Bythen,so

muchtimeandmoneywillhavegoneintotheprojectthattheburgerwou1dcostrather

morethanyou'dexpecttopayinyourlocalMcDonald,satleast$300000infact.

Thescientistshopeitwilleventuallybepossibletoproduceartificialmeatinhuge

quantities,andmuchmorecheaply,fromthecellsofonlyasmallnumberofanimals.

Iftheyaresuccessful,asinglecowcouldtheoreticallyproduceamilliontimesbeef

thanitdoesatpresent.

Theenvironmentalbenefitscouldbeenormous.Worldwidemeatproductionusesupa

hugeamountofland(notjustforfarmanimalstoliveonbutalsotoproducethe

foodtheyeat),andby2050.whentheglobalpopulationmighthaverisentoninebillion,

itwillprobablybeimpossibleforpeopletoeatasmuchmeatonaverageaswedo

now-unless,thatis,awayisfoundtoproduceitusingfarfewernaturalresources..

Lab-grownmeatisalsoanattractiveprospectforanyoneinterestedinanimalrights,

offeringthepossibi1ityofaworldinwhichfeweranimalsareraisedforslaughter.

Questions:

Accordingtothepassage,whatdothescientistshopetoachieveaboutartificial

meal?

Accordingtothepassage,whatistheresultofthepresentworldwidemeatproduction?

Whatdocsthepassagemainlytalkabout?

【14題詳解】

此題為聽力題，解析略。

【15題詳解】

此題為聽力題，解析略。

【16題詳解】

此題為聽力題，解析略。

Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage

17.

A.HeisanEnglishmanlivinginSweden.

B.Heprefershotweathertocoldweather

C.HevisitsLondonnearlyeverywinter.

I).He1ikesSwedenbetterthanEngland.

18.

A.Thelongnight.B.Thebadweather.

C.Thegloomywinter.D.Thecoldhouses.

19.

A.Delightful.B.Refreshing.

C.Painful.I).Frustrating.

20.

A.Theyworkhardandplayhard.

B.Theyoftenstayuplatereading.

C.Theyliketogocampinginsummer.

D.Theytrytoearnmoreandspendmore.

【答案】17.A18.D19.D20.A

【解析】

M:WhenIliveinSweden,peoplealwayswanttoknowabouttheseasons.

W:Theseasons?

M:Yeah,youknowhowcolditisinwinter?Whatisitlikewhenthedaysaresoshort?

W:Sowhatisitlike?

M:Well,itiscold,verycoldinwinter.Sometimesitisascoldas26degreesbelow

centigrade.Andofcoursewhenyougoout,you*11wrapupwarn.Butinthehouses

it'salwaysverywarm,muchwarmerthanathome.Swedishpeop1ealwayscomplainthat

whentheyvisitEngland,thehousesarecoldeveninagoodwinter.

W:Andwhataboutthedarkness?

M:Well,yeah,aroundChristmastimethere*sonlyonehourofdaylight,soyoureally

lookforwardtothespring.Itissometimesabitdepressing.But,yousee.thesummers

arcamazing.FormMaytoJulyintheNorthofSweden,thesunneversetsIt*sstill

1ightatmidnight.Youcanwa1kinthemountainsandreadanewspaper.

W:Oh,yeah,thelandofthemidnightsun.

M:Yeah,that*snight,butit'swonderful.Youwannastayupal1night.Andthe

Swedesmakethemostofit.Theyoftenstartworkearlierinsummerandthenleave

at2:00or3:00intheafternoon,sothattheycanreallyenjoythelongsummerevenings.

They'dliketoworkhard,butplayhardtoo.IthinkLondonersworklongerhours,

butI'mnotsurewhetherthisisagoodthing.

Questions:

Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?

WhatdoSwedishpeoplecomplainaboutwhentheyvisitEnglandinwinter?

HowdoesthemandescribetheshorthourofdaylightaroundChristmasinSwede?

WhatdoesthemansayabouttheSwedishpeople?

【17題詳解】

此題為聽力題，解析略。

【18題詳解】

此題為聽力題，解析略。

【19題詳解】

此題為聽力題，解析略。

【20題詳解】

此題為聽力題，解析略。

H.GrammarandVocabu1ary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassage

coherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineach

blankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthat

bestfitseachblank.

Ho;vtoMaketheMostofYourLunchHour

Shouldyougrababiteatyourdeskoreatwithyourcolleagues?Thatdepends

onwhat,sonyouragendafortherestoftheday.

Lunchhours21(get)shorterandshorterandevendisappearingir.some

partsoftoday*sworkingworld.Withfeweremployees22(ask)toacconiplish

moreinadaymanyAmericanstreatlunchnotasatreakbutasjustanothertaskto

squeezeintoanalreadyover-bookedday.

Butdoquickmealsatthedeskactuallyimproveproductivityovermoreleisurely

meals?

Theresearchersonlystudied32employees,sothefindingsarcdebatable.But

whentheyassignedonegrouptoeatattheirdesksandanothertodinewithacolleague

atarestaurant,thefoundthosewhoatelunchtogethershowedadecline23

theirperformanceonteststhatmeasuredconcentration,memoryandthecibilityto

catcherrorsandreademotionsinfacialexpressionsfollowinglunchthanbeforelunch.

Bothgroupsatethesamemeals,butthosewhoatealonewereonlygiven20minutes

toconsumetheirfood,24thepairedparticipantswereallowedonehourin

therestaurant.Thosewhoatealonedidnothaveaslargeadropintheircognitive

processingasthosewhoateintherestaurant.

Whatwasresponsibleforthechange?Thereweretoomanyvariablesatplayto

determinewhichhadthestrongestinfluenceoncognitivecontrol-wasitthe

cuinpauioiibliip,orWHSitthereslciuidiilenviioiinienl25olheidinei5weie

present,musicwasplayedandthemealwasservedbywaitstaff,orwasitthelonger

timetoenjoythemeal?

26factorwasresponsible,thegroupthattook:arestaurantlunchbreak

camebackmorerelaxed,saytheauthors,andthatlikelyaffectedtheircognitive

sharpness.Sharingamealasidetheofficewithafriendappearstohavea27

(calm)effect,andwhileitreducesintellectualskills,itmaydevelopsocialharmony

andteamwork,\vhich28beanimportantfeatureofsomeworktasks.

Butdon'tfeelsorryforthelone1unchers.Itturnsout29sincethey

wereabletomaintaintheircognitiveskillsfollowingthemeal,theymightbein

abetterposition3D(think)creativelyforprojectsthatrequiremere

innovativesolutionsorapproaches.

【答案】21.arcgetting

22.asked23.in

24.while25.where

26.Whichever/Whatever

27.calming

28.can/may

29.that30.tothink

【解析】

本文屬于說明文，介紹單獨吃午餐和與其他人共進午餐對于上班的人來說影響不同，曲獨午

餐維持一個人的智力水平，而共進午餐則能增加社會和諧和團隊精神。

【21題詳解】

考查現在進行時。句意：如今午餐時間越來越短，甚至在一些地方沒有了午餐時間。分析句

子可知，本旬描述當今的午餐時間正在縮短，以及本旬andevendisappearing可知，用現

在進行時，故用aregetting。

【22題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：員工更少就要求在一天的時間完成更多的事情，美國人已經沒有把

午餐當作休息，而是另一項任務，努力塞入本已占滿的時辰表里。本句為with的復合結構，

ask與其邏輯主語employee為動賓關系，故用過去分詞asked。

【23題詳解】

考查介詞。句意：探討發覺，那些在一起吃午餐的調查對象，在測量專注度、記憶等方面的

測試分數在下降。分析句子可知，本句描述在專注度以及記憶方面的下降，故用in。

[24題詳解】

考查狀語從句。句意：獨自吃午餐的給了20分鐘，而在餐廳成對吃午飯的給了一個小時。依

據文章可知，本句講解并描述對比試驗的詳細細則，表示對比，故用while。

【25題詳解】

考查定語從句。句意：有許多變量確定了對認知限制的影響，比如陪伴，餐廳是否還有其他

的食客，有沒有放音樂，服務員在不在一旁，還是吃飯時間更長。分析句子可知，otherdiners

werepresent為定語從句修飾先行詞environment,從句缺乏地點狀語，故用關系副詞where。

【26題詳解】

考查狀語從句。句意：無論是什么因素在起作用，探討團隊發覺，從餐廳吃飯回來的人更放

松。分析前后句，探討人員沒有發覺詳細的緣由，但是視察到一個現象，故用Whatever或者

Whichever,,

27題詳解】

考查形容詞。句意：與摯友在辦公室旁邊的餐廳吃飯似乎有鎮靜作用，盡管降低智力技能，

但是促進了社交和諧和團隊精神，這一精神可能是一些工作任務重要的特點。分析句子可知,

修飾名詞用形容詞,故用calming。

【28撅詳解】

考查情態動詞。句意：與摯友在辦公室旁邊的餐廳吃飯似乎有鎮靜作用，盡管降低智力技能,

但是促進了社交和諧和團隊精神，這一精神可能是一些工作任務重要的特點。分析句子可知,

有些工作任務可能須要團隊精神，表示推想，故用can或者may。

【29題詳解】

考查主語從句。句意：結具是，既然在吃完午飯之后可以維持其智力水平，他們可能在須要

創建性思維的工作方面占優勢“分析句子可知，本句為itturnsout,it作形式主語，從句

是真正的主語，從句完整，故用引導詞that。

【30題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：結果是，既然在吃完午飯之后可以維持其智力水平，他們可能在須

要創建性思維的工作方面占優勢。分析句子可知，think作position的后置定語，故用不定

式，tothinko

SectionB

Direction:Fillineachblankwithaproperword*chosenfromthebox.Eachword

canbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.involvingB.distinguishC.adaptedD.tailoredE.medium

F.gainsG.partiallyH.amazingI.definitelyJ.steerK.implications

GenesThatMakeYouSmarter

Thecontributionsgenesmaketointel1igenceincreaseaschiIdrengrowcider.

Thisgoesagainsttheideamostpeopleholdthatasweage,environmentalinfluences

graduallyoverpowerthegeneticlegacy（遺產）wearebornwithandmayhave31

foreducation.

uPeopleassumethegeneticinfluencegoesdownwithagebecausetheenvironirental

differencesbetweenpeoplepileupinlife,MsaysRobertPlomin."Whatwcfound

wasquite32andgoesintheotherdirection.”

Previousstudieshaveshownvariationsinintelligenceare33dueto

genetics.Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage,Plowin's

teamgathereddatafromsixseparatestudiescarriedoutin4countries,34

atotalof11000pairsoftwins.Theresearcherstestedtwinsonreasoning,arithmetics

etc.tomeasureaquantitycalled"G”.Eachstudyalsoincludedbothidenticaltwins,

withthesamegenes,andfraternaltwin（異卵雙生）sharingabouthalftheirgenes,

makingitpossibleto35thecontributionsofgenesandenvironmenttotheir

Gscores.

Plomin'steamcalculatedinchildhood,genesaccountforabout41percentof

thevariationinintelligence.Inadolescence,thisroseto55percent;byyoung

adolescence,itwas66percent.

Noone36knowswhytheinfluencefromgenesshouldincreasewithage,

butPlominsuggeststhataschildrengetolder,theybecomebetterathandlingtheir

environmenttosuittheirgeneticneeds,andsays“kidswithhighGwillusetheir

environmenttodeveloptheircognitiveabilityandchoosefriendswhoarelike-minded,

Childrenwith37tolowGmaychooselesschallengingpastimesandactivities,

furtherempliabiziiigllieiigeneticlegciuy.”

Isthereanywaytointerferewiththepattern?Perhaps."Theevidenceofstrong

heritabilitir（遺傳可能性）doesn,tmeanthatthereisnothingyoucandoaboutit,”

saysSusanneJaeggi,“fromourownwork,theonesthatstartedoffwithlowerIQ

scoreshadhigher38training.”

Plominsuggestsgeneticdifferencesmaybemoreemphasizedifallchildrenshare

anidenticalcurriculuminsteadofitbeing39tochildren'snatural

abilities."Mytendencywou1dbetogiveeveryoneagoodeducation,butputmore

effortintothelowerend,“hesays.

IntelligenceresearchersPaulThompsonagrees:"Itshowsthateducatorsneed

to40adstowardsthingsdrawingouttheirnaturaltalents.

【答案】31.K32.H

33.G34.A

35.B36.I

37.E38.F

39.D40.J

【解析】

本文屬于科普文，介紹探討發覺，年齡越大，基因對我們的影響就越大，這是與之前的觀點

相違反的。

【31題詳解】

考查名詞。句意：這跟大多數的觀點相違反，他們認為年齡增長，環境的影響會漸漸超過我

們基因的影響，這可能對教化有啟發意義。分析文章可知，本句講解并描述新的發覺觀點以

及對教化的意義，故選K。

【32題詳解】

考查形容詞.句意：我們的發覺讓人特別驚異，朝著另一個方向前進的。依據文章可知，新

的發覺與人們固有的認知是相違反的，故選H。

【33題詳解】

考查副詞。句意：之前的探討發覺，智力的不同部分緣由是由于基因。修飾dueI。用副詞，

故用partly,故選G。

【34題詳解】

考查介詞。句意：PluEu的團隊收集了來自四個國家六價單獨的探討數據，其中包括1100對

雙胞胎。分析句子可知，本句講解并描述結論的數據來源，故選A。

【35題詳解】

考查動詞。句意：每份探討包括同卵雙生雙胞胎，具有相同的基因，以及異卵雙生的雙胞胎,

他們只有一半的基因相同，這樣讓區分基因和環境對G分數的影響成為可能。本句主要描述

包含真正的雙胞胎以及異卵雙生的雙胞胎的F1的在區分不同因素對G的影響，故選B。

【36題詳解】

考查副詞。句意：沒人準確知道為什么基因會隨著年齡的增長而影響加大。修飾動詞用副詞，

結合語境,故用definitely,故選I。

【37題詳解】

考查形容詞。句意：G分數中等或者低的孩子可能選擇挑戰性更小的消遣和活動，進一步強調

基因的作用。本句描述G中等和分數低的孩子的表現,故選Eo

【38題詳解】

考查名詞。句意：從我們的探討來說，起先IQ分數不高的人接受了更高的成果訓練。修飾

training用名詞作定語，故選F。

【39題詳解】

考查動詞。句意：基因的影響可能會更加明確，假如孩子們接受的都是同樣的課程，而不是

依據他們的天性支配課程。依據本句identicalcurriculuminsteadof可知,許多孩子接

受的特地定制的教化，故說Do

【40題詳解】

考查動詞。句意：這顯示了教化者須要把廣告投入到可以發揮他們天賦的東西上面。木句描

述要調整自己的內容和重點，故選J。

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Direction:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrases

markedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthe

context.

Opendata-sharersarestillintheminorityinmanyfields.Althoughmany

researchersbroadlyagreethatpublicaccesstorawdatawouldpromotescience,most

aie41topubltheresultsofllieii'ownlaboursonline.

Somecommunitieshaveagreedtoshareonline-geneticists,forexample,postDNA

sequencesattheGenBankrepository（庫），andastronomersareaccustomedto42

imagesofgalaxiesandstarsfrom,say,theSloanDigitalSkySurvey,atelescope

thathasobservedsome500millionobjects-buttheseremainthe43.notthe

rule.Historically,scientistshave44sharingformanyreasons:itisalot

ofwork,untilrecently,gooddatabasesdidnotexist;grantfunderswerenotpushing

forsharing;ithasbeendifficulttoagreeonstandardsforformattingdata,and

thereisnoagreedwaytoassigncreditfordata.

Butthe45aredisappearinginpartbecausejournalsandfundingagencies

worldwideareencouragingscientiststomaketheirdata46.Lastyear,the

RoyalSocietyinLondonsaidinitsreportthatscientistsneedto."47

aresearchculturewheredataisviewedasprivatepreserven.Fundingagenciesnote

thatdatapaidforwithpubIicmoneyshouldbepublicinformation,andthescientific

communityisrecognizingthatdatacannowbesharedonlineinwaysthatwerenot

possiblebefore.Tomatchthegrowingdemand,servicesarespringinguptomakeit

easiertopublishresearchproducts48andenableotherresearchersto

discoverandcite（弓I用）them.

Althoughcallstosharedataoftenconcentrateonthe49advantagesof

sharing,thepracticeisnotpurelybeneficialtoethers.Researcherswhoshareget

plentyofpersonalbenet'itsincludingmoreconnectionswithcolleagues,improved

50andincreasedcitations.Themostsuccessfulsharers-thosewhosedata

aredownloadedandcitedthemostoften-getnoticed,andtheirworkgetsused.

51.oneofthemostpopulardatasetsonmultidisciplinaryrepositoryDryad

isaboutwooddensityaroundtheworld;ithasbeen525700times.Co-author

AmyZannethinksthatusersprobablyrangefromclimate-changeresearcherswanting

toestimatehowmuchcarbonisstoredinbiomass,toforesterslookingforinformation

ondifferentgradesoftrees."I'dmuchprefertohavemydateusedbythe

53numberofpeopletoastheirownquestions,“shesays."It'simpertant

toallowreadersandreviewerstoseeexactlyhowyouarriveatyourresults.

Publishingdcilaandcodeallowsyoui-sciencetobe54.”

Evenpeoplewhosedataarelesspopularcanbenefit.Bymakingtheeffortto

organizeandlabelfilessootherscanunderstandthem,scientistscanbecomemore

organizedandbetterdisciplinedthemselves,thusavoiding55lateron.

41.A.restrictedB.reluctantC.desperateD.generous

42.A.accessingB.processingC.analyzingD.

identifying

43.A.assumptionB.mysteryC.exceptionD.

phenomenon

44.A.longedforB.appealedtoC.focusedonD.objected

to

45.A.symptomsB.barriersC.advantagesD.

consequences

46.A.controllableB.uniqueC.reliable【).public

47.A.shiftawayfrornB.endupwithC.giveriseto1).build

48.A.secretB.digitallyC.ethicallyD.fairly

49.A.materialB.individualC.moralD.economic

50.A.visibilityB.awarenessC.conditionD.

confidence

51.A.OnthecontraryB.AsaresultC.ForexampleD.Afterall

52.A.downloadedB.updatedC.optimized1).

addressed

53.A.moderateB.MaximumC.averageD.estimate

54.A.reversibleB.profitableC.reproducibleD.

recognizable

55.A.crisisB.confusionC.riskD.conflict

【答案】41.B42.A43.C44.D45.B46.D47.A48.B49.

C50.A51.C52.A53.B54.C55.B

【解析】

本文屬于說明文，介紹公開發布自己的探討數據和成果正變得越來越流行，這不僅對外界有

好處，也對作者本人也有好處。

【41題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管許多探討人員都同意，開放原始數據會促進科技的發展，

大多數人還是不情愿把自己的勞動成果放在網上。A.restricted限制的；B.reluctant不

情愿的；C.desperate無望的；D.generous慷慨的。依據前一句可知，盡管大家都同意，

還是自己還是不情愿做，故選B。

【42題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:天文學家習慣運用theSloanDigitalSkySurvey,拍攝的銀河系

和星星的圖像，這是一個可以觀測多達5億的物體的望遠鏡，但是這些都是例外，不是規定

要求這么做的。A.accessing接近，運用；B.processing處理；C.analyzing分析；D.

identifying確認。分析句子可知，本句講解并描述天文學家可?以干脆運用這個望遠鏡觀測的

圖像，故選A。

【43題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:天文學家習慣運用theSloanDigitalSkySurvey,拍攝的銀河系

和星星的圖像，這是一個可以觀測多達5