考研英語閱讀理解A節（傳統題型）分類精講社會倫理類-（一）

（總分:100.00,做題時間：90分鐘）

一、SectionIIReadingComprehension（總題數：5,分數：100.00）

ThestretchofthePacificbetweenHawaiiandCaliforniaisvirtuallyempty.Therearenoislands,

noshippinglanes,nohumanpresenceforthousandsofmiles-justsea,skyandrubbish.The

prevailingcurrentscauseflotsamfromaroundtheworldtoaccumulateinavastbecalmedpatch

ofocean.Inplaces,thereareamiIlionpiecesofplasticpersquarekilometre.Thatcanmean

asmuchas112timesmoreplasticthanplankton,thefirstlinkinthemarinefoodchain.All

thisaddsuptoperhaps100mtonnesoffloatinggarbage,andmoreisarrivingeveryday.

Whereverpeoplehavebeen—andsomeplaceswheretheyhavenot—theyhaveleftwastebehind.Litter

linestheworld,sroads;dumpsdotthelandscape;slurryandsewagesloshintoriversandstreams.

Upabove,thousandsoffragmentsofdefunctspacecraftcareenthroughspace,andoccasional1y

moredebrisisproducedbycollisionssuchastheonethatdestroyedanAmericansatellitein

mid-February.KenNoguchi,amountaineer,estimatesthathehascollectedninetonnesofrubbish

fromtheslopesofMountEverestduringfiveclean-upexpeditions.Thereisstillplentyleft.

TheaverageWesternerproducesover500kgofmunicipalwasteayear—andthatisonlythemost

obviousportionoftherichworld*sdiscards.InBritain,forexample,municipalwastefrom

householdsandbusinessesmakesupjust24%ofthetotal.Inaddition,bothdevelopedand

developingcountriesgeneratevastquantitiesofconstructionanddemolitiondebris,industrial

effluent,minetailings,sewageresidueandagriculturalwaste.Extractingenoughgoldtomake

atypicalweddingring,forexample,cangeneratethreetonnesofminingwaste.

Rubbishmaybeuniversal,butitislittlestudiedandpoorlyunderstood.Nobodyknowshowmuch

ofittheworldgeneratesorwhatitdoeswithit.Inmanyrichcountries,andmostpoorones,

onlythepatchiestofrecordsarekept.Thatmaybeunderstandable:bydefinition,wasteis

somethingitsownernolongerwantsortakesmuchinterestin.

Ignorancespawnsscares,suchasthefusssurroundingNewYork*sinfamousgarbagebarge,which

in1987sailedtheAtlanticforsixmonthsinsearchofaplacetodumpitsload,givingmany

Americansthefalseimpressionthattheircountrylandfillshadrunoutofspace.Italsomakes

ithardtodrawupsensiblepolicies:justthinkoftheendlessdebateaboutwhetherrecycling

istheonlywaytosavetheplanetranexpensivewasteoftime.

（分數：20.00）

（1）.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph1that

A.alargepartofthePacificdoesn'thaveshippinglanes.

B.mostoftherubbishinthePacificcomesfromtheU.S..

C.thefirstlinkofthefoodchainofsealivesonplastic.

D.thequantityofrubbishinthePacificincreasesdaybyday.（分數：4.00）

A.

B.

C.

D.J

解析：［解析］推斷題。根據題干定位到第一段。從第一段末句得出D項“太平洋垃圾的數量日益增長”正

確。A項夸大其詞，文章只是講到從夏威夷到加州的這段太平洋沒有航道，而不是全部太平洋。B項偷梁換

柱，盡管夏威夷和加州兩個地方都屬于美國，但文中講到這部分太平洋的垃圾來自世界各地，而不只是美

國。C項移花接木，文中只是指出一些地方的塑料比浮游生物還多，而選項中卻將塑料說成浮游生物的食

物。

(2).Thesecondparagraphmainlydemonstrates

A.spacegarbagehazardtowardspeople.

B.thatpeopleproducewasteofal1kindswithlargeamount.

C.whetherpeopleshouldtakerecyclingintoaccount.

D.KenNoguchifiveclean-upexpeditions.(分數：4.00)

A.

B.J

C.

D.

解析：［解析］推斷題。根據題干定位到第二段。第二段主要就是講人類制造了大量的各種類型的垃圾，故

B項符合題意。A項無中生有，第二段并未提及太空垃圾對人的危害。C項所講內容出現在第五段中。D項

以偏概全，第二段確實有所提及，但并非主要內容。

(3).TheexampleofBritainindicatesthat

A.alargeproportionofwasteisgeneratedbydevelopedcountries.

B.therearemanyotherkindsofrubbishbesidesmunicipalwaste.

C.miningextractiongenerateslargequantityofwaste.

D.agriculturalwastemakesupalargeproportionofthetotal.(分數：4.00)

A.

B.J

C.

D.

解析：［解析］細節題。根據題干定位到第三段。英國這個例子所表達的觀點就在上一句中，城市垃圾只是

最明顯的一部分，也就是說還有很多其他類型的垃圾，故B項符合題意"項文中并未提及。C項答非所問，

觀點確實屬實，出現在第三段末句，但并非英國的例子所想要說明的。D項無中生有，文中只講到會產生

農業垃圾，但并未提及所占比重。

(4).Bymentioningthedefinitionofwaste,theauthorintendsto

A.clearthemisunderstandingofitsmeaninganditscoverage.

B.statethatpeopletendstolikethenewandhatetheold.

C.manifestthefactpeopledon*trecordthingsaboutrubbishbysarcasm.

D.provethatignorancecanleadtoterrorandinaction.(分數：4.00)

A.

B.

C.J

D.

解析：［解析］推斷題。根據題干定位到第四段。垃圾的定義的前一句提到很多國家都缺乏對垃圾產生和處

理的記錄，這里作者用了諷刺的表達手法一一反正垃圾就是人們不要了的東西，何必再記錄下來呢。故C

項符合題意。A項意為“澄清人們對垃圾的概念和范圍的誤解”，顯然不是作者的真正意圖。B項意為人們

傾向于喜新厭舊，這也并未在文中體現。D項屬于答非所問，其內容為文章末段表達的內容。

(5).TheincidentofNewYorkrubbishshiptookplacebecause

A.peoplewereignorantoftherubbishdisposalcapacityoftheircountry.

B.governmentwasingreatdilemmaofwhetherstartsrecyclingornot.

C.economicswasinsuchrecessionasnotbeabletodisposethegarbage.

D.U.S.didn'Ihaveenoughdumpsitestodigestthewaste.(分數：4.00)

A.J

B.

C.

D.

解析：［解析］細節題。根據題干定位到最后一段。作者在末段首句就指出無知會造成恐慌，而紐約垃圾船

事件正是這一觀點的證明，因為無知，人們認為美國已經沒有了垃圾處理場而驚慌，故A項符合題意。B

項屬于無中生有，C項是抽取文章最后一句的內容而成，D項并非事實，而是人們所臆想的，故均錯誤。

TheUnitedStatesisnot(thankgoodness)aculturallyhomogeneouscountry.Itconsistsofmany

distinctmoralcommunities.Oncertainsocialissues,suchasabortionandhomosexuality,people

don'tagreeandprobablyneverwill—andthesignalpoliticaladvantageofthefederalistsystem

isthattheydon*thaveto.Individualsandgroupswhofindthevaluesorlawsofonestateobnoxious

havetherighttolivesomewhereelse.

ThenationalizationofabortionpolicyintheSupremeCourt's1973Roev.Wadedecisioncreated

atextbookexampleofwhatcanhappenwhenthisfederalistprincipleisignored.IftheSupreme

Courthadnotsteppedin,abortionwou1dtodaybelegalinmoststatesbutnotal1;pro-1ifers

wouldhavethecomfortofknowingtheycouldliveinastatewhoselawwascompatiblewiththeir

views.InsteadofendlesslyconfrontingaculturalschismthataffectseverySupremeCourt

nomination,wewouldseeoccasionallocalflare-upsinstatelegislaturesorcourtrooms.

Americaisastrongercountryforthemoraldiversitythatfederalismuniquelyallows.Morallaw

andfami1ylawgovernthemostintimateand,often,themostcontroversialspheresoflife.For

thesakeofdomestictranquility,domesticlawisbestlefttoalevelofgovernmentthatisclose

tohome.

Sowellsuitedisthefederalistsystemtothegay-marriageissuethatitmightalmosthavebeen

setuptohandleit.Inanewlandwhosecitizensfolloweddifferentreligioustraditions,it

wou1dhavemadenosensetocentralizemarriageorfamilylaw.Andsomarriagehasbeenthedomain

oflocallawnotjustsincethedaysoftheFoundersbutsinceColonialtimes,beforethestates

werestates.Tomyknowledge,thefederalgovernmenthasoverruledthestatesonmarriageonly

twice.ThefirsttimewaswhenitrequiredUtahtobanpolygamyasaconditionforjoiningthe

Union-andnotethatthisrulingwasissuedbeforeUtahbecameastate.Thesecondtimewasin

1967,whentheSupremeCourt,inLovingv.Virginia,struckdownsixteenstates'banson

interracialmarriage.HeretheCourtsaidnotthatmarriageshouldbedefinedbythefederal

governmentbutonlythatstatescouldnotdefinemarriageinwaysthatviolatedcoreconstitutional

rights.OntheoneoccasionwhenCongressdirectlyaddressedsame-sexmarriage,inthe1996Defense

ofMarriageAct,itdecreedthatthefederalgovernmentwouldnotrecognizesame-sexmarriages

buttookcarenottoimposethatruleonthestates.

(分數:20.00)

(1).Thepoliticaladvantagesofafederalistsystemisthat

A.peoplemayhavedifferentopinionsaboutabortion.

B.controversialopinionsoncertainsocialissuesareallowed.

C.somestatesaremoreobnoxiousthanothers.

D.peoplecanmovefromstatetostateifthey1ike.(分數：4.00)

A.

B.J

C.

D.

解析：［解析］細節題。根據關鍵詞thepoliticaladvantageofafederalistsyslem定位到第一段。

第一段提到，對于某些社會問題，人們的意見不統一，而且可能永遠不會統一，隨后提到聯邦體制的政治

優勢一一人們不必持有相同的意見。B項“可以容許人們對某些社會問題持有爭論性觀點”與此意符合，

為正確答案。A項“人們可以對墮胎持有不同的觀點”和D項“如果人們愿意，他們可以從一個州遷移到

另一個州，，只是人們不必持有相同意見的具體表現：C項“某些州比其他州更令人討厭”是針對該段最后

一句話設置的干擾項，與文意不符。

(2).WhatweknowaboutabortionlawinAmericanisthat

A.itisillegalinalloverAmericatohaveanabortion.

B.theSupremeCourthadnotinterferedinabortionlaw.

C.abortionusedtobealegalpracticeinmoststates.

D.abortionissti11legalinmoststatesinAmericatoday.(分數：4.00)

A.

B.

C.V

D.

解析：［解析］細節題°根據關鍵詞abortion定位到第二段。第二段首先指出最高法院有關墮胎的全國性

政策，隨后指出，如果最高法院當時沒有介入的話，那么現在墮胎在大多數州但不是所有州都是合法的。

這說明，墮胎以前在大多數州合法。C項”在大多數州，墮胎以前是合法行為”與此意符合，為正確答案。

其他三項均與題意不符。

(3).Thelocalgovernmentisoftenresponsibleforlocaldomesticlawaffairsbecause

A.theSupremeCourtdeemsitabigburden.

B.thiswayofhandlingdomesticlawsguaranteesabetterstabi1ity.

C.localfamiliesresentthedecisionsmadebytheSupremeCourt.

D.themoraldiversityisstrongeronthelocallevelofgovernment.(分數：4.00)

A.

B.J

C.

D.

解析：［解析］細節題。根據關鍵詞localdomesticlawaffairs定位到第三段。第三段提到道德法規和

家庭行為準則，指出為了家庭的穩定，家庭行為準則最好交給離家庭最近的那一級政府掌管。這說明，原

因是為了穩定。B項”管理家庭行為準則的這種方式確保了更好的穩定”與此意符合，為正確答案。其他

三項都屬于無中生有。

(4).Theauthorseemstothinkthatgaymarriageshouldbe

A.lefttothedecisionofindividualstategovernment.

B.thesoleresponsibilityofthefederalgovernment.

C.bannedonboththefederalandthelocallevels.

D.overruledbytheSupremeCourtassoonaspossible.(分數：4.00)

A.J

B.

C.

D.

解析：［解析］細節題。根據關鍵詞gaymarriage定位到最后一段。最后一段提到，在一個公民遵從不同

宗教傳統的新國家，把婚姻和家庭行為準則集中化毫無道理，所以，婚姻一直是地方法律的管轄領域。這

說明，作者認為，同性婚姻應該由地方政府處理。A項“留給當事人所在的州政府決定”是對文中相關信

息的概括，為正確答案。其他三項均與題意不符。

(5).Wecanlearnfromthetextthat

A.thefederalgovernmentandthelocalgovernmentmayhavedifferentrulingsconcerningthelegal

statusofgaymarriage.

B.thefederalgovernmenthasalonghistoryofinterferinginthedecisionsconcerningmarriage

issuesonlocallevels.

C.thefederalgovernmenthasnevermadeaclearexpressionabouttheirdecisionconcerninggay

marriage.

D.iflocalgovernmentallowsgaymarriagethenthatmarriagewillalsoberecognizedbythefederal

government.(分數：4.00)

A.J

B.

C.

D.

解析：［解析］推斷題。最后一段提到，婚姻一直是地方法律的管轄領域，國會宣稱，聯邦政府不承認同性

婚姻，但不會把這一決定強加給各州。這說明，聯邦政府和地方政府都可以對同性婚姻做出自己的決定。A

項“聯邦政府和地方政府可能對同性婚姻的法律地位問題做出不同的規定”與此意符合，為正確答案。B

項、C項與原文不符；D項原文未提。

Theteenagersareclusteredaroundlunchtables,wolfingdownheapsofbeansontoastorpasta

withaspicyeggplantsauce,butteringtheirbread,peelingoranges.Thesekidsarerefueling.

Itismidwaythroughweekfiveofasix-weeksportscamp,andtheyhavespentthemorningrunning

anddoingbasketbal1dri11s.That一alongwiththefactthattheyare,afterall,teenagers-means

theyarehungry.

BasedatLeedsMetropolitanUniversity,theCarnegieInternationalCampisBritain*sfirstsummer

weight-lossprogramforchildren,andtheircounselorsknowexactlyhowmanycaloriesareonthose

lunchplates.Some40boysandgirls,11to17,pay$550aweektobeputonmonitoredmealplans,

attendnutritionclasses,havetheirbodyfatmeasuredand,everyday,exerciseunti1theyare

readytodrop-oratleastfeignkneeinjuries.Allofthesekidshadtobearound35%abovethe

WorldHealthOrganization*smeanrecommendedweighttobeacceptedandchosetospendtheirsummer

vacationsthisway.

Itisnice,someofthecamperssay,tobesomeplacewheretheyarenotoutcasts:wheresomeof

them,forthefirsttimeever,canmakefriends,goondates,andgetspecialattentioninsports

classes,ratherthangetchosenlast.Bysummer*sendtheweightlosseswerenotdramatic.Most

campersshedaround2kgaweek.Thatslow,steadyloss,ratherthansomedramaticdisappearance

ofpoundsthatwillreappearbyChristmas,isexactlywhatPaulGately,thecamp'sfounderand

alecturerinexercisephysiologyandhealthattheuniversity,intended."Themainaimisto

encouragethemtobeactiveandcompetentatsports,andthenthey*11getconfident,〃hesays.

“Andifyougetthemearlyyoucanpreventdiseaseslaterinlife.”

Inourweight-obsessedsociety,itissometimeseasytoforgetthatmorethanacosmeticissue

fatisalsoapressinghealthconcern.GatelyisamemberasmallEuropeancommunityofhealth

andmedicalprofessionalswhoarefocusingononeoftheregions,mostseriousandmost

misunderstoodhealthproblems:obesity.ObesityisdefinedbyWHOasabodymassindex(BMI)—one's

weightinki1ogramsdividedbythesquareofone*sheightinmeters一equaltoorgreaterthan

30.Aperson1.78rntai1andtippingthescalesat125kg,forexample,wou1dhaveaBMIof39.5,

definitelyobese.Itisariskfactorforawiderangeofseriousmedicalconditions,including

diabetes,heartdisease,strokeandcertainformsofcancer,gallbladderdiseaseandjoint

problems.

(分數:20.00)

(1).Thefirstparagraphismainlywrittento

A.explainwhychildrentakepartintheweightlossprogram.

B.describewhatchildrenusuallytakeastheirlunchfood.

C.persuadehowtosupplyenergyforchildren*sbody.

D.illustratehowhungrythoseteenagersarewheninthesportscamp.(分數：4.00)

A.

B.

C.

D.J

解析：［解析］推斷題。根據題干定位到第一段。文中指出：十幾歲的孩子圍坐在午餐桌旁，狼吞虎咽地吃

著烤面包片上的一堆豌豆，或者就著辛辣的茄子醬大口大口地嚼著意大利面，再為面包抹上黃油，剝掉橘

子皮。這些孩子正在為身體補充能量。為期6周的體育夏令營已經過了5周半的時間，這天上午孩子們一

直在跑步和進行籃球練習。他們畢竟才十多歲一一這使得他們餓極了。因此推斷出正確答案應為D項。

(2).TheauthormentionstheCarnegieInternationalCamptoillustratethat

A.itisthefirstsummerweight-lossprogramforchildrenintheGreatBritain.

B.itrequiresthatchiIdrenshouldeatlessandexercisemoreforweight-loss.

C.itisaprofit-makingcompanyfoundedbytheWorldHealthOrganization.

D.itissetupforbuildingupchildren'sconfidenceandhealthawareness.(分數：4.00)

A.

B.

C.

D.J

解析：［解析］細節題。根據關鍵詞CarnegieInternationalCamp定位到在第二、三段。文中提到夏令營

的發起人所主張的是緩慢、持續的減肥，”主要的目的是鼓勵他們積極參加體育鍛煉。并且玩得很在行，

這樣一來，他們就會變得很自信”“早一點兒開始鍛煉，可以預防以后生病”。因此，正確答案應為D項

“此體育夏令營建立的宗旨是為了培養孩子們的自信心和健康意識”。

(3).SomechiIdreninthesportscamp1ikeitbecause

A.itprovidesthemanopportunitytomakefriendswithothers.

B.ithelpsthemtoloselotsofweightveryquickly.

C.itoffersthemachancetobespecificallyoutstanding.

D.itfillsthemwithalotofdeliciousfoodanddrinks.(分數：4.00)

A.J

B.

C.

D.

解析：［解析］細節題。根據題干定位到第三段。一些參加夏令營的孩子說，他們很高興能來到一個不被別

人另眼相看的地方；在這里，他們中的一些人甚至是生平第一次交朋友、赴約會，第一次在體育課上不再

被排在最后，而是得到特別的關照。夏令營結束時孩子們體重降低的幅度并不太大。因此，本題的正確答

案為A項。

(4).Whichofthefollowingisnotoneoftheresultscausedbyoverweightaccordingtothispassage?

A.Lackofconfidence.

B.Kindsofdiseases.

C.Cosmeticproblems.

I).Economicstress.(分數：4.00)

A.

B.

C.

D.J

解析：［解析］細節題。根據上文可以推斷出肥胖會使人缺乏自信。第四段指出，在我們這個為體重所困擾

的社會里，人們有時候卻很難記住，太多脂肪除了影響美容之外，也是一個緊迫的健康問題。因此A、B、

C項都是肥胖引發的問題，只有D項沒有提到，選D項。

(5).Themaintopicofthispassageisabout

A.howtoloseweight.B.whattheoverweightis.

C.whyloseweight.D.wheretoloseweight.(分數：4.00)

A.

B.

C.J

D.

解析：［解析］主旨題。通讀全文主要內容之后我們可以發現，全文是圍繞著減肥的原因問題寫的。因此，

本題的正確答案應是C項“為什么減肥”。

EverywhereyoulookincontemporaryAmericayouseeapeopleengagedinthepursuitofhappiness.

Youcanseeitinworkhabits.Americansonaveragenotonlyworklongerandharderthanmost

Europeans,butendurelengthycommutestoandfromwork.Youcanseeitingeographicalmobility.

About40inofthemmoveeveryyear.Theyareremarkablywillingtotravelhugedistancesinpursuit

ofthings1ikebowlingconventionsandsoon.Andyoucanseeitinthecountry*sgeneral

hopefulness:two-thirdsofAmericansareoptimisticaboutthefuture.

SinceAmericansareenergeticevenindeconstructingtheirownfoundingprinciples,thereisno

shortageofpeoplewhohavetakenexceptiontothehappinesspursuit.Theyrangefromconservatives

likeRobertBork,believingthephrasesummarizesthe"emptinessattheheartofAmericanideology”,

toliberalswhothinkthatitisajustificationforanacquisitivesociety.

Onecriticismisthatthepursuitisself-defeating.Themoreyoupursuetheillusionofhappiness

themoreyousacrificetherealthing.Theothersideofmobilityisturmoilandanxiety,broken

marriagesandunhappychildren.Americanshavelessjobsecuritythaneverbefore.Theyevenreport

havingfewerclosefriendsthanafewdecadesago.Andinternationalstudiesofhappinesssuggest

thatpeopleincertainpoorcountries,suchasMexico,areapparentlyhappierthanAmericans.

AnothercriticismisthatAmericanshaveconfusedhappinesswithmaterialpossessions.Itis

notablethatThomasJefferson'scallechoesAdamSmith*sphraseabout"life,libertyandthe

pursuitofproperty77.DoallthosepairsofManoloBlahnikshoesreallymakeyouhappy?Orare

theyjustacompensationforemptyliveslikeinthesoapoperaSexintheCity?

Ifopinionpollsonsuchmattersmeananything—andthatisdubious—theysuggestthatboththese

criticismsareflawed.A2006PewResearchCentrestudy—“Arewehappyyet?〃一claimsthat84%

ofAmericansareeither“veryhappy〃or"prettyhappy”.TheHarrisPol1's2004"feelgoodindex”

foundthat95%arepleasedwiththeirhomesand91%arepleasedwiththeirsociallives.ThePew

Aboutsponsorshippollsshowthatmoneydoesindeedgosomewaytowardsbuyinghappiness.They

alsosuggestthatAmericans,devotiontoreligionmakesthemhappierstill.

ThepursuitofhappinessaccountsforallsortsofpeculiaritiesofAmericanlife:fromthe$700/m

spentonself-helpbooksperyeartotheirritatingdinnerguestsconstantlylookingattheir

BlackBerrycel1phones.Thispursuitmayevenhelptoexplainthesurgeofanti-Americanism.Many

peopledislikeitpreciselybecauseitisdoingexactlywhatJeffersonintended.ForsomeEuropeans,

thepursuitofhappinessintheformofmonstercarsandmansionsisobjectionableoneverypossible

ground.Youcannotpursuehappinesswithsuchconspicuousenthusiasmwithoutmakingquitealot

ofpeoplearoundtheworldratherunhappy.

(分數：20.00)

(1).TheauthormentionedRobertBorkto

A.proveAmericansareenthusiasticaboutinterpretingtheirfoundingprinciples.

B.illustratethatmanyAmericanspursuehappiness.

C.indicatethatsomeAmericansdonotfavorthehappinesspursuit.

D.justifythepursuitofhappinessinAmerica.(分數：4.00)

A.

B.

C.V

D.

解析：［解析］細節題。根據題干定位到前兩段。從上文可以得知反對“追求幸福”的也是大有人在，然后

作者舉例提到羅伯特?波克，這證明他就是屬于反對者之列。因此C項為正確答案。其他三項均與原文不

符。

(2).Accordingtothepassage,Americanpeople*spursuitofhappiness

A.canbefoundineveryone'sworkandlife.

B.isreflectedintheirworkingattitudes.

C.iscriticizedasacauseforsocialproblems.

D.didnotmakethemhappyatall.（分數：4.00）

A.

B.

C.V

D.

解析：［解析］細節題。根據題干定位到第三段。根據第三段第三句可知：人口流動性的負面影響是動蕩和

焦慮、破裂的婚姻、不快樂的孩子等。再結合該段首句可知，流動性恰恰是人們追求所謂的幸福造成的。

因此C項正確。A項、D項屬于過度推斷。B項與原文不符。

⑶.WecaninferthatThomasJeffersonandAdamSmith

A.mistookmaterialwealthforhappiness.

B.didnotsharetheirviewsonthehappinesspursuit.

C.criticizedthepursuitofhappiness.

D.believedlife,1ibertyandmaterialpursuitwereequallyimportant.（分數：4.00）

A.V

B.

C.

D.

解析：［解析］推斷題。根據題干定位到第四段。文章舉托馬斯?杰斐遜和亞當?斯密的例子是為了說明一

個觀點的，這個觀點就是段首主題句：美國人將幸福和物質財富混為一談。因此A項“錯將物質財富當作

幸福”是正確的。B項、C項與原文不符。D項屬于無中生有，原文并未將這些進行比較。

（4）.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Opinionpollsprovedthathappinesscanbebought.

B.OpinionpollssuggestthatmostAmericansarehappybecauseofreligion.

C.SomeEuropeansdislikeAmericansbecauseofJefferson*sopinion.

D.Americans'pursuitofhappinesshasirritatedalotofpeople.（分數：4.00）

A.

B.

C.

D.J

解析：［解析］細節題。根據題干定位到最后兩段。第六段指出：美國人追求幸福的特點能夠解釋為什么很

多人不喜歡美國。第五段提到錢確實能夠朝著購買幸福的方向發展，但并不是已經證實了錢可以購買幸福，

A項錯誤。美國人對宗教的虔誠使他們更幸福，但并不能得出多數美國人因為宗教而幸福的結論,B項錯誤。

C項與最后一段最后一句意思不一致。

（5）.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.ThereasonwhyAmericanspursuehappiness.

B.TheseekingofhappinessinAmerica.

C.ThebenefitsanddrawbacksofhappinesspursuitinAmerica.

D.TheresultsofhappinesspursuitinAmerica.（分數：4.00）

A.

B.V

C.

D.

解析：［解析］主旨題。從文章各段首句能看出來，本文圍繞“追求幸福”這一現象。給出對這一現象的非

議和對于這些非議的反駁，最后提到“追求幸福”涉及美國生活各個方面。因此B項最具有概括性，指在

美國追求幸福的情況。其余幾個選項都具有片面性。C項有一定干擾性，文章確實涉及對比“追求幸福”

這種現象的不同態度，但態度對比不是文章的全部內容，更沒有涉及利弊對比。A項錯誤，全文并非圍繞

美國人追求幸福的原因展開。D項太片面，只提到追求幸福的結果，沒有概括其他討論的方面。

Thegoodnewsmadeheadlinesnationwide:Deathsfromseveralkindsofcancerhavedeclined

significantlyinrecentyears.Butthenewshastobebittersweetformanycancerpatientsand

theirfamilies.Everyyear,morethan500,000peopleintheUnitedStatesstilldieofcancer.

Infact,morethanhalfofallpatientsdiagnosedwithcancerwilldieoftheirdiseasewithin

afewyears.Andwhileitstruesurvivalislongertodaythaninthepast,thequalityof1ife

forthesepatientsisoftengreatlydiminished.Cancer-andmanyofthetreatmentsusedtofight

it-causespain,nausea,fatigue,andanxietythatroutinelygoundertreatedoruntreated.

Inthenation,ssingle-mindedfocusoncuringcancer,wehaveinadvertentlydevaluedthecritical

needforpalliativecare,whichfocusesonalleviatingphysicalandpsychologicalsymptomsover

thecourseofthedisease.Nothingwouldhaveagreaterimpactonthedailylivesofcancerpatients

andtheirfami1iesthangoodsymptomcontrolandsupportivetherapy.YettheNationalCancer

Institute(NCI),thefederalgovernment*sleaderincancerresearchandtraining,spentlessthan

onepercentofits1999budgetonanyaspectofresearchortraininginpalliativecare.

Thenationneedstogetseriousaboutreducingneedlesssuffering.NCIshouldcommittoandfund

researchaimedatimprovingsymptomcontrolandpalliativecare.NCIalsocoulddesignate"centers

ofexcellence"amongthecancercentersitrecognizes.Togetthatdesignation,centerswou1d

deliverinnovative,top-qualitypalliativecaretoallsegmentsofthepopulationsthecenters

serve;trainprofessionalsinmedicine,nursing,psychology,socialwork,andotherdisciplines

toprovidepalliativecare;andconduct.research.

Insurancecoverageforpalliativeandhospicecarealsocontributestotheproblembyforcing

peopletochoosebetweenactivetreatmentorhospicecare.This"either/or"approachdoesnot

readilyallowthesetwotypesofessentialcaretobeintegrated.TheMedicarehospicebenefit

isdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillnessandallowsenrollmentonly

ifpatientsareexpectedtosurvivesixmonthsorless.Thebenefitexcludespatientsfromseeking

bothpalliativecareandpotentiallylife-extendingtreatment.

Thatmakeshospiceenrollmentanobviousdeterrentformanypatients.Andhospices,whichmay

havethemostski11edpractitionersandthemostexperienceinadministeringpal1iativecare,

cannotoffertheirservicestopeoplewhocouldreallybenefitbutstillarepursuingactive

treatment.

Itisinnatelyhumantocomfortandprovidecaretothosesufferingfromcancer,particularly

thoseclosetodeath.Yetwhatseemsself-evidentatanindividual,personallevelhasnotguided

policyatthelevelofinstitutionsinthiscountry.Deathisinevitable,butseveresuffering

isnot.Tooffer