2021-2022學年湖北省新高考聯考高二上學期期末考試英語試題第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節，滿分50分）第一節（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。ABOSTONMARATHONTRAININGPLANWelcometotheBostonMarathonTrainingPlan.DevelopedbytheBostonAthleticsAssociation(B.A.A.),thetrainingplanwillhelpguideyoutosuccess.Itisespeciallysuitableforthe2020BostonMarathoncompetitors,andisnotnecessarilyintendedforotherevents.TheplanstartsonThursday,November22,andendinonThursday,April11,2020.Therearefourlevelsoftrainingplansdesignedtohelpyou,whetheryouarerunningoverfivehoursorgoingforasub-threehourmarathon:?LevelOneisdesignedaroundrunninganaverageoffourdaysperweek.?LevelTwowillhaveyourunanaverageoffivedaysperweek.?LevelThreewillbeanaverageofsixdaysperweek.?LevelFourwillhaveyoutrainingsixtosevendaysperweek.Thestep-by-stepincreaseindailyandweeklyadvantageisdesignedtochallengeyouwhilealsoreducingtheriskoftrainingtoohard.Allfourplansbuildasolidbaseofrunningfitness,andwillhelptrytomaximizeyourracepotential.Aswithanytrainingplan,whatisoutlinedismerelyaguideonhowtobuildandarrangeyourweeklyrunningroutine.TheB.A.A.BostonMarathonTrainingPlanmaterialisintendedtobeofgeneralinformationaluseandisnotintendedtobeanyfitnessormedicaladvice.Youshouldalwaysconsultaqualifiedandlicensedmedicalprofessionalbeforebeginningorchanginganyexerciseprogram.Pleaseusepersonaljudgmentwhenparticipatinginanytrainingorexerciseprogram.InformationcontainedwithintheB.A.A.BostonMarathonTrainingPlanmaynotbereproducedoradaptedwithoutapprovedwrittenpermitsfromtheBostonAthleticAssociation.Goodlucktoallrunners.21.ThisBostonMarathonTrainingplanispurposelydesignedfor______.A.the2020BostonMarathonorganizers B.the2020BostonMarathonparticipantsC.the2020AmericanMarathoncompetitors D.the2020Marathonrunnersaroundtheworld22.Whatdoweknowaboutthefourlevelsofthetrainingplan?A.Theyaredesignedwithaflexibletimetable.B.Theyrequirestricttimeontraining.C.Theyaresuitableforrunnersofallages.D.Theycanhelpyoubuildandarrangeyourdailyrunningroutine.23.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?A.Fourlevelstrainingplanenablesyoutomakethebestuseofyourpotential.B.Youshouldjudgebyyourselfwhichtrainingprogramsuitsyoubest.C.Youcanchangeyourtrainingplanundertheguidanceofyourmedicalprofessional.D.The2020BostonMarathonPlanoffersadviceonbothtrainingandrunningfitness.【答案】21.B22.A23.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇應用文。文章是一則波士頓馬拉松訓練計劃，介紹了訓練計劃的四個水平以及注意事項。【21題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段中“Itisespeciallysuitableforthe2020BostonMarathoncompetitors,andisnotnecessarilyintendedforotherevents.(它特別適用于2020年波士頓馬拉松賽的參賽者，并不一定適用于其他賽事)”可知，這次波士頓馬拉松訓練計劃是專為2020年波士頓馬拉松選手設計的。故選B。【22題詳解】推理判斷題。根據“?LevelOneisdesignedaroundrunninganaverageoffourdaysperweek.?LevelTwowillhaveyourunanaverageoffivedaysperweek.?LevelThreewillbeanaverageofsixdaysperweek.?LevelFourwillhaveyoutrainingsixtosevendaysperweek.(?第一級的設計是平均每周跑步4天。?二級要求你平均每周跑步5天。?第三級是平均每周6天。?四級會讓你每周訓練6到7天)”以及倒數第三段中“Thestep-by-stepincreaseindailyandweeklyadvantageisdesignedtochallengeyouwhilealsoreducingtheriskoftrainingtoohard.(每天和每周逐步增加的優勢是為了挑戰你，同時也減少過度訓練的風險)”可推知，訓練計劃的四個水平的時間表是靈活的。故選A。【23題詳解】細節理解題。根據第四段中“TheB.A.A.BostonMarathonTrainingPlanmaterialisintendedtobeofgeneralinformationaluseandisnotintendedtobeanyfitnessormedicaladvice.(B.A.A.波士頓馬拉松訓練計劃材料的目的是為了提供一般的信息，而不是為了提供任何健身或醫療建議)”可知，D選項“2020年波士頓馬拉松計劃提供了訓練和跑步健身方面的建議”不正確。故選D。BYougooutforameal.YouscanaQRcodetoorderthefood,butitasksforyourphonenumber.Yourideinataxi,andyouraddressesareleaked.Yougobackhomeandareaskedtolookintoafacialrecognitioncamera.Datacollectioniseverywhere.However,thepersonalinformationcollectedbycompaniescanbeleakedformarketingorusedforcommunicationsfraud.Accordingtoa2018surveyof5,458peoplebytheChinaConsumersAssociation,85.2percentofpeoplesaidtheyhadexperiencedpersonalinformationleaksfromapplicationsontheirsmartphones.Mostsaidtheygotunwantedcallsortextmessagesafterward.OnNov1,thepersonalinformationprotectionlawcameintoeffectinChina.Thelawdefinespersonalinformationasanykindofinformationaboutpeoplewhoareorcanbeidentified,inelectronicorotherforms.Soaperson’sname,dateofbirth,IDnumber,addressandphonenumberareallpersonalinformation.Accordingtothelaw,activitiessuchascollecting,using,processingandtradingofpersonalinformationwillbestrictlyregulated.Onekeyruleisthatthosehandlingpersonalinformationshouldinformusersandgetpermission.Forsensitiveinformation,suchasfingerprints,faces,religiousbeliefs,medicalhealth,financialaccountsandalldatarelatingtominorsunder14,therearestricterrulesonrelatedactivities.Protectionofpersonalinformationofonlineplatformusersisespeciallystressed.AccordingtoareportreleasedinJuneonInternetdevelopmentinChina,thecountryhasmorethanonebillionInternetusersand60percentofsurveyedapplicationshadcollectedusers’informationillegally.Manyappswouldcollectusers’informationevenwhentheappwasnotinuse.Theycouldaccessthephone-book,photos,turnonthemicrophoneandgettheusers’location.That’swhyprotectionofpersonalinformationisneeded,accordingtoZhouHanhua,aresearcherwiththeInstituteofLawoftheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences.24.Whydoestheauthormentionaperson'sdailyroutineinthefirstparagraph?A.Toremindusoftheimportanceofourpersonalinformation.B.Toinformusthatpersonalinformationiswidelyusedinourdailylife.C.Toshowthatourpersonalinformationisexposedeasilythroughouttheday.D.Todemonstratethatadvancedtechnologiesaremakinglifemoreconvenient.25.Accordingtothetext,thefollowingitemsaresensitiveinformationEXCEPT______.A.aperson’sname B.bankaccounts C.fingerprints D.religiousbeliefs26.InZhouHanhua’sopinion,protectionofpersonalinformationisneededbecause______.A.personalinformationleakswillboostcommunicationsfraudB.personalinformationisoftensecretlycollectedbysomeappsC.manyappswillmakeuseofusers’informationinsomeillegalactivitiesD.manyappswillletoutthepersonalinformationwiththepermissionoftheusers27.Whichoneisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ProtectingYourInformation B.ANewLawComingintoEffectC.MindingYourSensitiveInformation D.KeepingawayfromCommunicationsFraud【答案】24.C25.A26.B27.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章圍繞保護個人信息展開，闡述了個人信息泄露的普遍現象和信息保護法律條文的具體內容，并提醒人們信息泄露的各種方式和提高保護個人信息的意識。【24題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段“Yougooutforameal.YouscanaQRcodetoorderthefood,butitasksforyourphonenumber.Yourideinataxi,andyouraddressesareleaked.Yougobackhomeandareaskedtolookintoafacialrecognitioncamera.Datacollectioniseverywhere.(你出去吃飯。你掃描二維碼點餐，但它需要你的電話號碼。你坐出租車，你的地址被泄露了。你回到家，被要求觀察面部識別攝像頭。數據收集無處不在)”可推知，作者在第一段提到一個人的日常生活是為了表明我們的個人信息在一天中很容易暴露。故選C。【25題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段中“Soaperson’sname,dateofbirth,IDnumber,addressandphonenumberareallpersonalinformation.(因此，一個人的姓名、出生日期、身份證號碼、地址和電話號碼都是個人信息)”以及第四段中“Forsensitiveinformation,suchasfingerprints,faces,religiousbeliefs,medicalhealth,financialaccountsandalldatarelatingtominorsunder14,therearestricterrulesonrelatedactivities.(對于敏感信息，如指紋、面孔、宗教信仰、醫療健康、財務賬戶和與14歲以下未成年人有關的所有數據，對相關活動有更嚴格的規定)”可知，姓名不是敏感信息，故選A。【26題詳解】細節理解題。根據最后一段“Manyappswouldcollectusers’informationevenwhentheappwasnotinuse.Theycouldaccessthephone-book,photos,turnonthemicrophoneandgettheusers’location.That’swhyprotectionofpersonalinformationisneeded,accordingtoZhouHanhua,aresearcherwiththeInstituteofLawoftheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences.(許多應用程序會收集用戶的信息，即使是在不使用的情況下。他們可以訪問電話簿、照片、打開麥克風并獲取用戶的位置。中國社會科學院法學研究所研究員周漢華表示，這就是為什么需要保護個人信息)”可知，周漢華認為，一些應用程序經常會秘密收集個人信息，因此需要對個人信息進行保護。故選B。【27題詳解】主旨大意題。根據最后一段“Manyappswouldcollectusers’informationevenwhentheappwasnotinuse.Theycouldaccessthephone-book,photos,turnonthemicrophoneandgettheusers’location.That’swhyprotectionofpersonalinformationisneeded,accordingtoZhouHanhua,aresearcherwiththeInstituteofLawoftheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences.(許多應用程序會收集用戶的信息，即使是在不使用的情況下。他們可以訪問電話簿、照片、打開麥克風并獲取用戶的位置。中國社會科學院法學研究所研究員周漢華表示，這就是為什么需要保護個人信息)”結合文章圍繞保護個人信息展開，闡述了個人信息泄露的普遍現象和信息保護法律條文的具體內容，并提醒人們信息泄露的各種方式和提高保護個人信息的意識。A選項“保護你的信息”最符合文章標題。故選A。CEveryyear,workersputupabig,freshlycutevergreentreeinahistoricbuildinginAsburyPark,NewJerseytocelebrateChristmas.ButrecentlyworkersputupaverydifferentkindofChristmasTreeinstead.Unlikeanevergreen,itrequireslittlecareandcanneverdie.Thatisbecausethe2021ChristmasTreeismadewhollyofathickandstrongpapermaterialcalledcardboard.Whenthewinterholidaysend,the“tree”istoberecycled.Thepieceusesnaturalandartificiallightingtodarkenpartsofthetreewhileshininglightonothers.Inthisway,thepiece’sappearancechangesthroughouttheday.Thetree’screatorssoughttohonorelementsofAsburyPark’snaturalenvironment,cityscapeandrichmusicalhistory.Opinionsonthetreearemixed.“Ilikethatit’sdifferent…It’sprettyinteresting”saidlocalmanChrisTrifari.LocalElizabethKhimitchofferedsimilarpraise.“Ithinkit’sverycreative.”ShehadcometotheGrandArcadetotakepicturesofherdogsinfrontofthetree.Othersontheboardwalkwerenotaspleasedbythetree.AntonySolimandosaiditlookedlike“anAmazonpackage.”“Can’twejusthaveourtraditionaltree?”addedAmyMackey.MichaelLavallee,alocalartistwhogoesbythenamePorkchop,createdthepiecewithBradHoffer.TheycallitTheGivingTree.HesaidthecompanytoldhimtherewouldnotbeanaturalChristmastreeatConventionHallthisyear.“Iwasaskedtocomeinanddosomethingfestive-ish,”saidPorkchop.Festivemeanscelebratory,especiallyinconnectionwithaholiday.AmyQuinnisAsburyPark’sdeputymayor.QuinnsaidthecityisnotinvolvedintheConventionHalldecisions,butthatshelikesthepiece.Shesaid,“Ilovethatit’sdifferent.Loveitorhateit,peoplearetalkingaboutit.”28.Accordingtothetext,whichoneisNOTthecharacteristicofthepaperChristmastree?A.Itcanbereusednextyear. B.Itneedslesscare.C.Itcanchangethroughouttheday. D.Itcanberecycled.29.WhatcanbeinferredfromthetextaboutthecreatorsofthepaperChristmastree?A.Theyarebothenvironmentalists.B.TheywantedtoshowrespecttoAsburyPark’snaturallandscape.C.TheythoughtthepaperChristmastreewassomethingmuchmoreimpressive.D.TheywantedtocreateatotallydifferentChristmasforthelocalpeople.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthefourthparagraphprobablymean?A.Dramatic. B.Spectacular. C.Substantial. D.Celebratory.31.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A.Alocalnewspaper. B.Atravelguide.C.Afoodmagazine. D.ASciencereport.【答案】28.A29.B30.D31.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要說明了新澤西州阿斯伯里公園采用紙圣誕樹來代替常青樹，介紹了紙質圣誕樹的一些特點以及人們對此的不同看法。【28題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段中“Unlikeanevergreen,itrequireslittlecareandcanneverdie.Thatisbecausethe2021ChristmasTreeismadewhollyofathickandstrongpapermaterialcalledcardboard.Whenthewinterholidaysend,the“tree”istoberecycled.Thepieceusesnaturalandartificiallightingtodarkenpartsofthetreewhileshininglightonothers.Inthisway,thepiece’sappearancechangesthroughouttheday.(不像常青樹，它不需要照料，永遠不會死亡。這是因為2021年的圣誕樹完全是由一種叫做紙板的厚而結實的紙材料制成的。當寒假結束時，這棵“樹”將被回收。該作品使用自然和人工照明，使樹木的部分變暗，同時照亮其他部分。通過這種方式，作品的外觀在一天中不斷變化)”可知，A項“明年可以重復使用”不是紙質圣誕樹的特點。故選A。29題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段中“Thetree’screatorssoughttohonorelementsofAsburyPark’snaturalenvironment,cityscapeandrichmusicalhistory.(這棵樹的創造者試圖尊重AsburyPark的自然環境、城市景觀和豐富的音樂歷史元素)”可推知，制作紙圣誕樹是為了表達對AsburyPark自然環境及城市歷史的敬意。故選B。【30題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據畫線詞后文“Festivemeanscelebratory,especiallyinconnectionwithaholiday.”可知，Festive意為慶祝的，尤指與節日有關，故此處MichaelLavallee用festive-ish想表達“具有節日氣氛，慶祝的”的含義。A.Dramatic.戲劇性的；B.Spectacular.壯觀的；C.Substantial.大量的；D.Celebratory.慶祝的。故選D。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段“Everyyear,workersputupabig,freshlycutevergreentreeinahistoricbuildinginAsburyPark,NewJerseytocelebrateChristmas.ButrecentlyworkersputupaverydifferentkindofChristmasTreeinstead.(每年，工人們都會在新澤西州阿斯伯里公園的一幢歷史建筑中，豎起一棵新砍下來的大常青樹來慶祝圣誕節。但最近，工人們換上了一種非常不同的圣誕樹)”結合文章主要說明了新澤西州阿斯伯里公園采用紙圣誕樹來代替常青樹，介紹了紙質圣誕樹的一些特點以及人們對此的不同看法。可推知文章選自當地報紙。故選A。DScientistssaybabysharksareatriskofbeingbornsmallerandwithouttheenergytheyneedtosurvivebecauseofwarmingoceansfromclimatechange.Scientistsstudiedepaulettesharks,whichliveoffAustraliaandNewGuinea.Theyfoundthatwarmerconditionsspedupthesharks5growingprocess.Thatmeantthesharkswerebornearlierandverytired.Thefindingscouldbeusedinthestudyofothersharks,includingthosethatgivebirthtolivingyoung.Thescientistsstudied27sharks.Somewereraisedinaveragesummerwatertemperatures,about27degreesCelsius.Otherswereraisedinhighertemperaturesaround29degreesCelsiusand31degreesCelsius.Theyfoundthatthesharksraisedinthewarmesttemperaturesweighedmuchlessthanthoseraisedinaveragetemperatures.Theyalsoshowedreducedenergylevels.EpauletteSharkscangrowtoalengthofaboutonemeter.Theirnamecomesfromlargespotsontheirbodiesthatlooklikedecorationsonsomemilitaryclothing.Onestudythisyearfoundthatworldwidenumbersofoceanicsharksandraysdroppedmorethan70percentbetween1970and2018.Overfishingisamainconcern,whileclimatechangeandpollutionalsothreatensharks.CarolynWheelerisadoctoralstudentattheUniversityofMassachusettsBostonandwiththeARCCentreofExcellenceforCoralReefStudiesatJamesCookUniversityinAustralia.Shewastheleadauthoroftheepaulettesharkstudy.Shesaidthatwhileallthesharkssurvived,thoseraisedinwarmertemperatureswerenotstrongenoughtosurviveforlonginthewild.Sheadded,“Ifthesharksarebornsmallerthanusual,theyareprobablygoingtohavetostartlookingforfoodsooner—andthey’regoingtohavelesstimetoadjusttotheirsurroundings.”Thestudyshouldserveasawarningtooceangoverningagenciesthatcarefulmanagementisneededtopreventthelossofmoresharks.32.Accordingtothetext,howdoesthewarmerconditionsaffectthebabysharks?A.Theyaffecttheirbodyweight. B.Theydestroytheirfood.C.Theyrescheduletheirmovingroute. D.Theyaffecttheirbodytemperature.33.Thescientistscarriedoutthetheirstudyby______.A.trackingsharksinthewildB.collectingandstudyingformerdataC.comparingsharksinwatersofdifferenttemperaturesD.analyzingtheinformationofclimatechangefornearly50years34.Whatdoesthefifthparagraphmainlytalkabout?AThesharks’livingenvironment. B.Thethreatstosharks’survival.C.Thesharks’appearance. D.Theoriginofsharks’names.35.WhatisCarolynWheeler’attitudetowardsthechangesofthesharks?A.Indifferent. B.Optimistic.C.Concerned. D.Critical.【答案】32.A33.C34.B35.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。研究說明了受到氣候變化影響的海洋不利于鯊魚等海洋動物的生存。【32題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段“Scientistssaybabysharksareatriskofbeingbornsmallerandwithouttheenergytheyneedtosurvivebecauseofwarmingoceansfromclimatechange.(科學家表示，由于氣候變化導致海洋變暖，小鯊魚在出生時可能會變得更小，而且沒有生存所需的能量。)”及第三段中“Theyfoundthatthesharksraisedinthewarmesttemperaturesweighedmuchlessthanthoseraisedinaveragetemperatures.(他們發現，在最高溫度下長大的鯊魚比在平均溫度下長大的鯊魚體重要輕得多。)”可知，溫暖的環境影響小鯊魚的體重。故選A項。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段中“Thescientistsstudied27sharks.Somewereraisedinaveragesummerwatertemperatures,about27degreesCelsius.Otherswereraisedinhighertemperaturesaround29degreesCelsiusand31degreesCelsius.(科學家們研究了27條鯊魚。其中一些被飼養在平均夏季水溫27攝氏度左右。另一些則被飼養在更高的溫度，大約29攝氏度和31攝氏度。)”可知，科學家們通過比較不同溫度水域中的鯊魚來進行他們的研究。故選C項。【34題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第五段中“Onestudythisyearfoundthatworldwidenumbersofoceanicsharksandraysdroppedmorethan70percentbetween1970and2018.Overfishingisamainconcern,whileclimatechangeandpollutionalsothreatensharks.(今年的一項研究發現，1970年至2018年期間，全球海洋鯊魚和鰩魚的數量下降了70%以上。過度捕撈是一個主要問題，而氣候變化和污染也威脅著鯊魚。)”可知，本段主要講述了鯊魚生存面臨的威脅。故選B項。【35題詳解】推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中“Shesaidthatwhileallthesharkssurvived,thoseraisedinwarmertemperatureswerenotstrongenoughtosurviveforlonginthewild.(她說，雖然所有的鯊魚都存活了下來，但那些在較高溫度下長大的鯊魚不夠強壯，無法在野外生存很長時間。)”以及最后一段中CarolynWheeler所說“Ifthesharksarebornsmallerthanusual,theyareprobablygoingtohavetostartlookingforfoodsooner—andthey’regoingtohavelesstimetoadjusttotheirsurroundings.(如果鯊魚出生時體型比平時小，它們可能就不得不更快地開始尋找食物——它們適應環境的時間就會更少。)”可知，CarolynWheeler關心著并擔心著鯊魚的生存問題。故選C項。第二節（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。TipsforbathinginwinterEveryonetakesbaths.Itcannotonlycleanyourbodybutalsoliftyourmood.Itfeelsgoodtohaveanicehotbathduringthewinter,butitcanalsocausedryskin.____36____?Let’shavealook.Q:Whydoyoufeelitchyafterabathinwinter?A:Theoutermostlayerofhumanskinisthestratumcorneum（角質層）.Ontopofit,thereisalayerofsebum(皮脂).____37____,accordingtoHealthline,aUShealthwebsite.Inwinter,theairiscolderanddrier.Ourbodiesmakelesssweat,sowehavelesssebum.Frequentbathinganduseofbathsoapcantakeawaythesebum.So,yourskinmayitchandgetdandruff（皮屑）,accordingtoChinaScienceCommunication.Q:____38____?A:Manypeopleshoweratleastonceaday.Insummer,youmighteventaketwoorthreeofthemdependingonthedayandyouractivitylevel.Yourskinmightbedrierinwinter.Inthiscasetoomanyshowerscanbringonextremedryness.____39____.RajaniKatta,aprofessoratBaylorcollegeofmedicineintheus,recommendsshoweringwithlukewarm(溫熱的)waterfornomorethan10to15minutesduringthecoldseason.Q:Whenshouldyoutakeabathinwinter?A:Somepeopletendtotakeashowerinthemorning,whileothersliketobatheintheevening.Whichisabetterchoice?Ahotwaterbathinwintercanmakeyousorelaxedthatyoufeelliketakinganapassoonasyouleavethebathroom.Inotherwords,yourmorningbathwilldonothingtoheightenyoursenseswhentacklingabrandnewday.____40____.A.ItcanprotectandhydrateourskinB.HowoftenshouldyoutakeabathinwinterC.WhatelseshouldweprepareforbathinginwinterD.WhatelsedoweneedtoknowaboutbathinginwinterE.However,ashowereverydaywillalsomakeyourskindrierF.Yet,ashowereverydaymaynotnegativelyaffectyourskinG.Instead,itislikelytomakeyoulazy,accordingtothenewspaperOrrisaPost【答案】36.D37.A38.B39.F40.G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是冬天洗澡的小貼士。【36題詳解】本空處在第一段，在空格前的“Itfeelsgoodtohaveanicehotbathduringthewinter,butitcanalsocausedryskin.（冬天洗個熱水澡感覺很好，但也會導致皮膚干燥。）”引出冬天里洗澡可能會導致皮膚干燥問題之后，介紹本文的主要內容：冬季洗澡應注意和了解些什么？D選項“Whatelsedoweneedtoknowaboutbathinginwinter（關于冬天洗澡我們還需要知道什么）”引出下文內容，符合語境，故選D。【37題詳解】空格前說“Ontopofit,thereisalayerofsebum.（在它上面，有一層皮脂。）”，A項“Itcanprotectandhydrateourskin（它可以保護和保濕我們的皮膚）”中it指的是上一句中的“alayerofsebum”，因此A選項承接上文，說明了皮脂的作用，符合語境，故選A。【38題詳解】本空考查段落標題的概括。根據下文答語“Manypeopleshoweratleastonceaday.Insummer,youmighteventaketwoorthreeofthemdependingonthedayandyouractivitylevel.（很多人一天至少洗一次澡。在夏天，你甚至可以根據一天的時間和你的活動水平洗澡兩到三次。）”可知問的是有關洗澡頻率的問題，B選項“Howoftenshouldyoutakeabathinwinter（冬天多久洗一次澡）”概括本段內容，符合語境，故選B。【39題詳解】前一句“Inthiscasetoomanyshowerscanbringonextremedryness.（在這種情況下，過多的淋浴會導致極度干燥。）”說洗澡太多導致皮膚極度干燥，F選項“Yet,ashowereverydaymaynotnegativelyaffectyourskin（然而，每天洗澡一次可能不會對你的皮膚產生負面影響）”繼續補充說每日一次還是可以的，和上文的“toomanyshowers”相互呼應，因此F選項承接上文，符合語境，故選F。【40題詳解】空格前說“Inotherwords,yourmorningbathwilldonothingtoheightenyoursenseswhentacklingabrandnewday.（換句話說，當你面對全新的一天時，你的晨浴并不能提高你的感官。）”，G選項“Instead,itislikelytomakeyoulazy,accordingtothenewspaperOrrisaPost（相反，根據OrrisaPost的報道，它可能會讓你變得懶惰，）”銜接上一句所說早晨洗澡不能使你精神煥發，而會讓你懶散乏力，因此G選項承接上文，符合語境，故選G。第三部分英語知識運用（共兩節，滿分30分）第一節完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。IgrewupinMichiganandhavelovedboatssinceIwasyoung.I’dgooutonmydad’sfishingboat,andeverybirthdayI’dgetaminiatureboatwithaviewingwindow.InMichigan,we’re____41____bylakesandIsoondiscoveredthatIloveddivingand____42____skippedschooldaysforthebeach.Threeyearsago,I____43____putforwardanideaofrunningglass-bottomboattourstoaninvestor.Itstartedin2018.Atpresent,Mysons____44____,manningthedeck(甲板)andphones.WeheadoutontheCheboyganriverandLakeHuron.Wesailpastlotsofplacesof____45____,withahistorianonboardexplainingthehistory.Weoftenscantherivertoseewhatwecanfind.Oneweekendthisyear,Imeta____46____client.IthoughtIshouldfindsomethingtoshowhimandmanagedtofindagiantshell.ThenIsawagreenbottle.Iswamtomyboat,tookaphotoandthenopenedthebottle.Itwasfullofwaterandhadapaperinside.I____47____thepaperandsawthedate—November1926.Wewereallamazed.Thenote____48____:“ReturnthispapertoGeorgeMorrow.”Iwassoexcitedtohavefoundit.Wemadesuretokeepthepapersafe.Beforeleavingtheharbor,IpostedapictureonmyFacebookpageanddidn’texpectwhatfollowed.Thenextmorning,myphone____49____withmessages.WhileIwasdrivinghome,IgotaphonecallfromMichelePrimeau.ShetoldmeshewasGeorgeMorrow’sdaughter.Ididn’tbelieveher_____50_____.Shesaidherdadwouldfloatnotesinbottleswhenhewentonvacationor_____51_____theminwallswhenredecorating.She_____52_____hehadpostedthisoneonhis18thbirthday.Inautumn,Michelecametovisit.Shebroughtsomeofhiswritingandthehandwritingmatched.She_____53_____Ikeepthemessageandthebottle.Itnowsitsinadisplaycaseinmyshop.ThatFacebookpostnowhas87,000_____54_____.Inahardyear,thediscoveryhasbroughtpurejoy._____55_____aScubadiver(水肺潛水員),thisfeelslikealifetimeachievement.41.A.surrounded B.estimated C.defended D.integrated42.A.even B.somehow C.merely D.anyhow43A.exceptionally B.entirely C.gradually D.successfully44.A.callout B.helpwith C.helpout D.callup45.A.history B.significance C.interest D.entertainment46.A.elegant B.remote C.reliable D.potential47.A.unfolded B.opened C.uncovered D.exposed48.A.presented B.wrote C.read D.showed49.A.pouredout B.blewup C.brokeout D.setup50.A.atfirst B.aboveall C.inturn D.inreturn51.A.stuffed B.displayed C.deserted D.hid52.A.spokeup B.workedout C.spokeout D.workedup53.A.insisted B.convinced C.appealed D.anticipated54.A.critics B.fans C.likes D.inquiries55.A.For B.As C.With D.Alongside【答案】41.A42.A43.D44.C45.B46.D47.A48.C49.B50.A51.D52.B53.A54.C55.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。本文講述作者從小就受到生活環境的影響非常喜歡船，喜歡水邊生活，長大后繼續以水為伴，推出游船觀光項目。在海上偶然發現一個1926年的漂流瓶，并找到了和它有關的人。【41題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在密歇根，我們周圍都是湖，我很快就發現我喜歡潛水，甚至為了去海灘翹課。A.surrounded包圍；B.estimated估計；C.defended保衛；D.integrated整合，并入。此空應填surrounded，意為被湖環繞，用來介紹作者自己的生活環境，在水邊長大，喜歡水，熱愛潛水。故選A項。【42題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在密歇根，我們周圍都是湖，我很快就發現我喜歡潛水，甚至為了去海灘翹課。A.even甚至；B.somehow不知怎么地，用了某種辦法；C.merely僅僅，只是；D.anyhow不管怎樣，無論如何。熱愛潛水，甚至上課的日子曠課去海邊玩，進一步強調作者對沙灘和潛水的癡迷。故選A項。【43題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：三年前，我成功地向一位投資者提出了開辦玻璃底船游的想法。A.exceptionally例外地；B.entirely完全地；C.gradually逐漸地；D.successfully成功地。根據下一句“Itstartedin2018”，游船觀光項目開業了，說明作者成功地說服了投資者。故選D項。【44題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：現在，我的兒子們在幫忙，管理甲板和電話。A.callout大喊；B.helpwith幫著……；C.helpout幫助；D.callup喚起回憶，打電話。作者和投資人創辦的，兒子們應該是幫忙營運觀光船只，空后沒有賓語，helpwith不合適，其后面應該有名詞作賓語。故選C項。【45題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們航行過許多名勝古跡，船上有一位歷史學家在講解歷史。A.history歷史；B.significance重要性，意義；C.interest興趣；D.entertainment娛樂消遣。下一句講到船上有一位史學工作者講解沿途景點的歷史故事。因此這些地方應是名勝古跡，placesofinterest景點，名勝古跡。故選B項。【46題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：今年的一個周末，我遇到了一個潛在的客戶。A.elegant優雅的；B.remote遙遠的，偏僻的；C.reliable可靠的；D.potential潛在的。apotentialclient意為一個潛在的客戶。下一句“IthoughtIshouldfindsomethingtoshowhimandmanagedtofindagiantshell.(我想我應該找些東西給他看，于是我設法找到了一個巨大的貝殼)”，作者這樣做應該是想拉攏住客戶，即對方是一位潛在客戶。故選D項。【47題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我打開那張紙，看到了日期——1926年11月。A.unfolded展開；B.opened打開；C.uncovered揭開，揭露；D.exposed使……暴露。apaper一個紙質的東西，應該是折疊的，展開它才能看到里面的信息內容，“展開紙張”應使用unfold。故選A項。【48題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：紙條上寫著：“把這張紙還給喬治·莫羅。”A.presented展示；B.wrote寫；C.read讀；……上寫道；D.showed展示，讓……看。“ReturnthispapertoGeorgeMorrow.”是note紙條上所寫的內容，“……上寫著……”英文表達常用動詞say或read。故選C項。【49題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：第二天早上，我的手機就收到了很多信息。A.pouredout傾倒，傾訴；B.blewup爆炸；C.brokeout爆發；D.setup建立，創建，樹立，搭起。從下文“ThatFacebookpostnowhas87,000likes”可推測作者的帖子得到了許多關注，此處意為電話收到了太多信息，可以用blowup表示手機爆炸了，是一種夸張的說法。故選B項。【50題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：一開始我不相信她。A.atfirst開始時，最初；B.aboveall最重要的是；C.inturn依次輪流；反過來，轉而；D.inreturn作為回報。她說她是GeorgeMorrow的女兒，作者一開始是不相信的，如此久遠的故事。所以后面她又解釋她爸爸的愛好，再后來又親自帶來父親寫的東西來比對筆跡，并且顯示字跡是相一致的，由此可以推測，最初作者不相信她的話。故選A項。【51題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她說，她的父親在度假的時候會把紙條放在瓶子里，或者在重新裝修的時候把它們藏在墻上。A.stuffed填滿，裝滿；B.displayed展示，展覽；C.deserted荒棄，廢棄；D.hid隱藏。在房子重新裝修的時候將瓶子藏在墻里，暫時不讓人發現。這個行為與做漂流瓶相似，留給未來的自己或別人驚喜。故選D項。【52題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：她發現這張紙條是他在18歲生日時發布的。A.spokeup大聲地說；無保留地說出；B.workedout計算出，搞清楚；C.spokeout暢所欲言；大膽地說；D.workedup逐步建立；逐步發展；激發；整理。她不可能一下就能知道他父親哪年寫的這張紙條，她應該是使用很多途徑去推算出，她的父親是在她18歲生日的時候寄出這個漂流瓶的，workout符合語境。故選B項。【53題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她堅持要我保存這張紙條和瓶子。A.insisted堅持；B.convinced使……信服；C.appealed吸引；D.anticipated預期，預料；預見（并做準備）；期望，盼望。根據“Itnowsitsinadisplaycaseinmyshop.”推知，女士執意要作者留下這個漂流瓶，insist符合語境。故選A項。【54題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這條臉書帖子現在有87000個贊。A.critics評論員，批評家；B.fans粉絲，迷，愛好者；C.likes喜愛，點贊；D.inquiries詢問。這個帖子發出后就得到了許多人的關注，因此Michele能夠快速聯系到作者，likes表示帖子的點贊數，符合語境。故選C項。【55題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：對于一個潛水者來說，這感覺像是一生的成就。A.For對于……來說；B.As作為；C.With和……一起；D.Alongside與……一起。這種經歷對于水肺潛水員來說，就像是一輩子的成就，介詞for可表示“對于……來說”符合語境。故選A項。第II卷注意事項：用0.5毫米黑色筆跡的簽字筆將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。第二節（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容（不多于3個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式。FellowZhang,thenameofaDouyinaccountbelongingtoa30-somethingmaninNortheastChina'sLiaoningprovince,haspickedupnearly10millionfollowersintwomonthswithjust41shortvideos____56____(record)hislife.AvillagerfromthecountrysideofYingkoucity,Zhang____57____(use)asmartphonetoshootclipsofhissimpledailyroutineinhisrun-downhouse,