PAGE1運城市2021-2022學年第二學期期末調研測試高二英語試題本試題滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。注意事項：1.答題前，考生務必先將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上，認真核對條形碼上的姓名、準考證號，并將條形碼粘貼在答題卡的指定位置上。2.答題時使用0.5毫米的黑色中性（簽字）筆或碳素筆書寫，字體工整、筆跡清楚。3.請按照題號在各題的答題區域（黑色線框）內作答，超出答題區域書寫的答案無效。4.保持卡面清潔，不折疊，不破損。5，聽力部分滿分30分，不計入總分。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節，滿分60分）第一節（共15小題；每小題3分，滿分45分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AOurMostRecommendedBooksLookingforagoodbook?Wehavetheworld’slargestcollectionofexpertbookrecommendations.Overthepastdecade,we’veaskedhundredsofexpertstopickthebestbooksintheirfield—andtoexplainindetailwhythoseparticularbooksaresoimportant.Clickoneachbooktofindoutwhatexpertsweinterviewedsaidaboutitingreaterdetail.OnLibertybyJohnStuartMillOnLibertybyJohnStuartMillwasoriginallypublishedin1859,buthisexplorationofthesequestionsstillfeelsincrediblycontemporary.OnLibertyremainsacentraltextofthemodernliberaltradition,asourinterviewsbelowwithphilosophers,politicians,historiansandpoliticalcommentatorsmakeclear.MiddlemarchbyGeorgeEliotMiddlemarchbyGeorgeEliotwasfirstpublishedin1871.ThenovelissetinthefictionalEnglishtownofMiddlemarchduring1829-1832,andfollowsseveraldistinct,intersectingstorieswithalargecastofcharacters.TheOdysseybyHomerandtranslatedbyEmilyWilsonIfyou’reinterestedinHomerandthepoemoftheOdyssey,the2017translationbyEmilyWilson,ProfessorofClassicalStudiesattheUniversityofPennsylvania,isagreatplacetostart.Notonlyisitahighlyreadabletranslation,buttheintroductionprovidesalotofcontextandhistoricalbackgroundforanyonewonderingwhoHomerwas,whenthepoemwasfirstwrittendownetc.ToKillaMockingbirdbyHarperLeeToKillaMockingbirdwastheonlynovelpublishedbyHarperLeeduringherlifetime,anditwonthePulitzerPrizein1961.ThiscelebratednoveldepictstheracismsheobservedasachildinherhometowninAlabama.ToKillaMockingbirdwasfirstpublishedinNovember1960.Subsequentlyanearly1957versionwaspublishedin2015underthetitleGoSetAWatchman.1.WhichbookwonthePulitzerPrize?A.ToKillaMockingbird B.TheOdysseyC.Middlemarch D.OnLiberty2.Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothepassage?A.TheOdysseytranslatedbyEmilyWilsononlycontainstheoriginalpoems.B.MiddlemarchissetinarealEnglishtown.C.OnLibertystillhasanimpactonmodernsociety.D.ToKillaMockingbirdhasnothingtodowiththeauthor’sexperience.3.Wherecanyoureadthispassage?A.Alibraryguidebook. B.Abookrecommendationwebsite.C.Atrendymagazine. D.Acolumninnewspaper.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章主要為讀者推薦了一些值得閱讀的書籍?！?題詳解】細節理解題。根據“ToKillaMockingbirdbyHarperLee”部分關鍵句“ToKillaMockingbirdwastheonlynovelpublishedbyHarperLeeduringherlifetime,anditwonthePulitzerPrizein1961.”（ToKillaMockingbird是哈珀·李生前出版的唯一一部小說，并于1961年獲得普利策獎。）可知，ToKillaMockingbird于1961年獲得普利策獎，由此可知，ToKillaMockingbird獲得了普利策獎。故選A項。【2題詳解】細節理解題。根據“OnLibertybyJohnStuartMill”部分內容“OnLibertybyJohnStuartMillwasoriginallypublishedin1859,buthisexplorationofthesequestionsstillfeelsincrediblycontemporary.OnLibertyremainsacentraltextofthemodernliberaltradition,asourinterviewsbelowwithphilosophers,politicians,historiansandpoliticalcommentatorsmakeclear.”（約翰·斯圖亞特·密爾的OnLiberty一書最初出版于1859年，但他對這些問題的探索仍然讓人感到難以置信的現代感。正如我們下面對哲學家、政治家、歷史學家和政治評論員的采訪所表明的那樣，OnLiberty仍然是現代自由主義傳統的中心文本。）可知，OnLiberty對問題的探索仍然讓人感到難以置信的現代感，這本書仍然是現代自由主義傳統的中心文本，由此可知，OnLiberty對現代社會仍有影響。故選C項。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段關鍵句“Lookingforagoodbook?Wehavetheworld’slargestcollectionofexpertbookrecommendations.”（在找一本好書嗎？我們收集了世界上最大的專家書籍推薦。）和“Clickoneachbooktofindoutwhatexpertsweinterviewedsaidaboutitingreaterdetail.”（點擊每本書，了解我們采訪過的專家對這本書的詳細描述。）可知，文章主要是為讀者推薦了一些值得閱讀的書籍，通過點擊每本書，可以了解到專家對這本書的詳細描述，由此可推斷出，你在圖書推薦網站上能讀到這篇文章。故選B項。BLockerBoardskateboardswereinventedby11-year-oldCarsonKropfl,inOctoberof2016.Hewantedaskateboardthatcouldfitinhisschoollockerandbackpack,sohedecidedtocreateoneoutofausedskateboarddeck.Hisparentstoldhimhehadtostartcleaningtopayforhissurflessonsandcontests.Carsonhatestoclean,soheaskedifhecouldstartmakingandsellingskateboards—liketheonehehadmadeforhimself.CarsoncollectsusedskateboarddecksfromskateshopsandchangesthemtoLockerBoards.HemakestheLockerBoarddecksbyhand.Eachboardissignedandnumbered.Theboardsarethenassembledwithnew,high-qualitywheels.Theseareone-of-a-kind!CarsonstartedhisonlinestoreinNovemberof2016andshippedboardsalloverthecountry.ThereasonwhyLockerBoardshavebecomesopopularisthattheyaregoodfortheplanet,easytotakeanywhereandfuntoride!Vans,anAmericancompany,foundoutaboutwhatCarsonwasdoingandinJanuaryof2017,setupamonthlyrecyclingprogramforhimattwooftheirskatestores.KidswhowanttodonateuseddeckstoCarsoncanleavethemattheseVanslocations.Sofar,Vanshasdonatedover10boardstoLockerBoard.ApopularstoreinSouthernCalifornia,Jack’sSurfboards,recentlyputCarson’sLockerBeardskateboardsintheirDanaPointstore.AnotherskateshopinHuntingtonBeachhasalsostartedcarryingLockerBoardskateboards.Inafewshortmonths,CarsonhasappearedonseverallocalnewsstationsandbeennamedbyOCFamilymagazineasoneofthetop10WhizKidsofOrangeCounty,California.Thisyear,Carsonisdonating$1foreveryboardhesellstotheTonyHawkFoundationbecausetheyarefocusedonempoweringkidsthroughskating.Carsonfeelsthemostrewardingpartofthiswholeexperienceishowhehasbecomearolemodelforotherkids.Hisaimistoinspirekidstodreamhardandworkhard.4.WhydidCarsonKropflmakeaskateboardhimselfatfirst?A.Toearnmoney. B.Tosatisfyhisneed.C.Totakepartinacontest. D.Toshowofftohisclassmates5.WhatcanbelearnedaboutLockerBoards?A.Theyarelargeinsize. B.Theylookthesameallover.C.Theyarerecycledbyskateshops. D.Theyareenvironment-friendly.6.HowdidthepublicrespondtotheLockerBoard?A.Theyspokehighlyofit. B.Theywereastonishedbyit.C.Theypaidlittleattentiontoit. D.Theyweredoubtfulaboutit.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeCarsonKropfl?A.Sportyandproud. B.Generousandstrict.C.Humorousandfar-sighted. D.Creativeandkind-hearted【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。2016年10月，11歲的CarsonKropfl發明了LockerBoard滑板。講述了他發明這種滑板的經過以及公眾對這種滑板的反響。【4題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段中“Hewantedaskateboardthatcouldfitinhisschoollockerandbackpack,sohedecidedtocreateoneoutofausedskateboarddeck.(他想要一個可以放進學校儲物柜和背包里的滑板，所以他決定用一個用過的滑板做一個)”可知，CarsonKropfl一開始自己做了一個滑板是為了滿足他的需要。故選B。【5題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段中“CarsoncollectsusedskateboarddecksfromskateshopsandchangesthemtoLockerBoards.(卡森從滑板店收集用過的滑板，并把它們改成成LockerBoards)”可知，LockerBoards是環保的。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據倒數第三段“ApopularstoreinSouthernCalifornia,Jack’sSurfboards,recentlyputCarson’sLockerBeardskateboardsintheirDanaPointstore.AnotherskateshopinHuntingtonBeachhasalsostartedcarryingLockerBoardskateboards.Inafewshortmonths,CarsonhasappearedonseverallocalnewsstationsandbeennamedbyOCFamilymagazineasoneofthetop10WhizKidsofOrangeCounty,California.(南加州一家很受歡迎的商店Jack’sSurfboards最近把Carson’sLockerBeard滑板放在了他們的DanaPoint商店里。亨廷頓海灘的另一家滑板店也開始銷售LockerBoard滑板。在短短幾個月的時間里，Carson出現在幾家地方新聞電臺，并被《OCFamily》雜志評為加州奧蘭治縣十大神童之一)”可推知，公眾對儲物滑板評價很高。故選A。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段中“LockerBoardskateboardswereinventedby11-year-oldCarsonKropfl,inOctoberof2016.(2016年10月，11歲的CarsonKropfl發明了LockerBoard滑板)”以及倒數第二段“Thisyear,Carsonisdonating$1foreveryboardhesellstotheTonyHawkFoundationbecausetheyarefocusedonempoweringkidsthroughskating.(今年，Carson每賣一塊滑板給TonyHawk基金會捐贈1美元，因為他們專注于通過滑冰增強孩子們的能力)”可推知，CarsonKropfl有創造力且心地善良。故選D。CThestoryofthemostsustainablepairofjeansisalsothestoryofafamilywhosemembershavededicatedtheirlivestodenim(牛仔布)innovation.Itisthegreat-great-grandsonofthefamilybusinessfounderwhohasbroughtCandianiandthewholefashionindustrytonewheightsbycreatingthefirstfullybiodegradable(可生物降解的)stretchdenim.AlbertoCandiani,thecurrentownerofCandiani,createdthefirstfullybiodegradablejeansusingaplant-basedyarn(紗線)obtainedfromnaturalrubber.Oncetheinnovativedenimcametolife,abrand-newpairofjeanswasputtothetestbybeingburiedinforestlandforsixmonths.Attheendofthatperiod,Candiani’steamdiscoveredthefibershadalmostfullydisintegrated.ThenewtechnologyiscalledCoreva.“Thesegarments(服裝)areextremelydurable,butattheendoftheirlife,youcouldsendthembacktousandwerecyclethem,oryoucouldfertilizeyourvegetableswiththem,”AlbertoCandianisaid.Jeans—oneofthemostpopulargarmentsworldwide—generateanenvironmentalimpactthathasbecomearealglobalchallenge.AccordingtotheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme,ittakesaround2000gallonsofwatertomakeatypicalpairofjeans.Andduringproduction,around71poundsofcarbondioxidearereleased.Thatisequivalentto53seven-minuteshowers,drivingacar78miles.What’smore,mostjeansaremanufacturedwithstretchdenimmadewithplastic,whichcantakehundredsofyearstodegrade.Butbycreatingacircularmodelinwhichfabrics(織物)arebiodegradableattheendoftheirlifecycle,tonsofgarmentscanbepreventedfromendingupinlandfills.Candianihasnotonlyachievedthisbygoingplastic-free,butthemanufacturerhasalsoreducedwateruseby75percentandtheuseofchemicalsby65percent.AlthoughCandianicreatesaproductthatisaboutdoublethepriceoftraditionaldenimduetothehigherlaborandmanufacturingcostsinvolved,businessisbooming.Notonlyhasthecompanytripleditsproduction,butitsmottoof“thegreenestmillintheblueworld”iscredible.8.WhathighlightsCandianiaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Ithasagreatfounder. B.Itcreatesgreenerfabrics.C.Itisafamily-runbusiness. D.Itmakesjeansatalowercost.9.Whatdoweknowabouttheinnovativedenim?A.Itcanlastforsixmonths. B.Itismadeofrecycledmaterials.C.Itcanbereusedforgrowingplants. D.Itturnsintosoilundertheforestland.10.WhatarethefiguresinParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thepopularityofjeansintheworld.B.Thepossiblereasonsforglobalwarming.C.Thecomplexprocessofmanufacturingjeans.D.Theeffectsofproducingjeansontheenvironment.11.Candiani’sinnovationmaybeanexampleof________.A.robbingPetertopayPaul B.puttingthecartbeforethehorseC.killingtwobirdswithonestone D.solvingtheproblemonceandforall【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了Candiani創造了一種可生物降解的彈力牛仔褲，起到了保護環境的作用?！?題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段關鍵句“Itisthegreat-great-grandsonofthefamilybusinessfounderwhohasbroughtCandianiandthewholefashionindustrytonewheightsbycreatingthefirstfullybiodegradable(可生物降解的)stretchdenim.”（正是這位家族企業創始人的曾孫創造了第一條完全可生物降解的彈力牛仔褲，將Candiani和整個時尚行業推向了新的高度。）可知，Candiani創造了完全可生物降解的彈力牛仔褲，這是一種更環保的面料，將其和整個時尚行業推向了新的高度，由此可知，Candiani的亮點是它創造了更環保的面料。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段關鍵句““Thesegarments(服裝)areextremelydurable,butattheendoftheirlife,youcouldsendthembacktousandwerecyclethem,oryoucouldfertilizeyourvegetableswiththem,”AlbertoCandianisaid.”（AlbertoCandiani說：“這些服裝非常耐用，但在它們生命結束時，你可以把它們寄回給我們，我們對它們進行回收利用，或者你可以用它們給蔬菜施肥?！保┛芍?，當這種創新牛仔褲的生命結束時，你可以用它們給蔬菜施肥，由此可知，創新牛仔褲可以被重復使用，用于種植植物。故選C項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段關鍵句“Jeans—oneofthemostpopulargarmentsworldwide—generateanenvironmentalimpactthathasbecomearealglobalchallenge.AccordingtotheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme,ittakesaround2000gallonsofwatertomakeatypicalpairofjeans.Andduringproduction,around71poundsofcarbondioxidearereleased.”（牛仔褲是全球最流行的服裝之一，它對環境的影響已成為一個真正的全球挑戰。據聯合國環境計劃署稱，制作一條平常的牛仔褲需要大約2000加侖的水。在生產過程中，大約會釋放71磅的二氧化碳。）可知，生產牛仔褲對環境產生了不良影響，文章使用具體數字，例如“2000gallons”和“71pounds”，告訴我們在生產牛仔褲的過程中，會使用大量的水并釋放大量二氧化碳，由此可知，第三段中的數字主要是關于生產牛仔褲對環境的影響。故選D項。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段關鍵句“Butbycreatingacircularmodelinwhichfabrics(織物)arebiodegradableattheendoftheirlifecycle,tonsofgarmentscanbepreventedfromendingupinlandfills.Candianihasnotonlyachievedthisbygoingplastic-free,butthemanufacturerhasalsoreducedwateruseby75percentandtheuseofchemicalsby65percent.”（但通過創建一個循環模型，使織物在其生命周期結束時可生物降解，可以防止成噸的服裝最終進入垃圾填埋場。Candiani不僅通過無塑料實現了這一目標，而且制造商還將水的使用量減少了75%，化學品的使用量減少了65%。）可知，Candiani的創新不僅使織物在其生命周期結束時可生物降解，還可以減少水和化學品的使用量，起到保護環境的作用，這是一石二鳥的做法，由此可知，Candiani的創新是一石二鳥的例子。故選C項。DAlthoughtheweatherisveryhotnow,thecarnivaloficeandsnowisgettingcloser.ThepreparationworkforBeijingWinterOlympicGames,whichareexpectedtobeginonFeb4,2022,hasentereditsfinalstage.InJanuary,2021,theice-makingworkonthe“IceRibbon”,alandmarkvenuefortheBeijingWinterOlympics,wascompleted.IntheWinterOlympics,whereracescanbewonorlostbyasmalltimegap,tinyimperfectionsintheicecanmakeallthedifference.“It’snotjustablockoficelikeyou’dnormallythinkof,likeicecubessittinginyourfreezer,”toldKennethGolden,aUSmathematicianwhostudiesthestructuresofice.“It’samuchmorefascinatingandcomplexsubstancethanpeoplewouldnormallythink.”Thefirststepforbuildinganyicerink(溜冰場)istopurifythewatertoremovedissolvedsolidslikesaltsandminerals.Suchimpuritiesdon’tfitintheregularhexagonal(六邊形的)structureoficethatformsaswaterfreezes.Themorepurethewateris,themoreconsistenttheicesurface.Inadditiontotheneedforexcellenceintherawmaterialsofice-making,technologyisalsoveryimportant.Asoneofthemostadvancedtechnologiesforwintersportsvenues,acarbondioxide(CO2)coolingtechnologyhasbeenappliedonalargescalefortheBeijingWinterOlympicGames.CO2isnotnewwhenitcomestoice-making.However,ithasbeengraduallyreplacedbytheman-maderefrigerant,likeFreon.Withincreasingattentiontowardclimatechange,theoldrefrigeranthascomeintouseagain.Asanelementoftheatmosphere,CO2doesn’tdamagetheozonelayer.AlthoughCO2isagreenhousegas,itsgreenhouseeffectismuchlowerthanthatofothersyntheticrefrigerants.TheWinterOlympicsvenuesadoptedCO2insteadofFreonasarefrigerantinice-making,whichwillreducecarbondioxideemissionsgreatly.“WebelievethesetechnologicalinnovationswillbringBeijing2022tospectatorsallovertheworldinamoreimpressiveway,”toldGaoBofromtheMediaOperationsDepartmentoftheOrganizingCommitteeoftheBeijingWinterOlympicGames.12.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“consistent”inParagraph3?A.United. B.Firm. C.Clean. D.Rough.13.WhyhasCO2coolingtechnologybeenappliedtotheWinterOlympicGames?A.It’sthemostadvancedtechnologiesforice-making.B.CO2ismoreefficientthanotherrefrigerants.C.CO2ismoreenvironmentally-friendlythanFreon.D.CO2hasalreadyexistedintheatmosphere.14.WhatisGaoBo’sattitudetoCO2beingappliedtoice-making?A.Indifferent. B.Opposed. C.Doubtful. D.Favourable.15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheBeijingWinterOlympicGamesIsComing.B.BeneathOlympicIce.C.TheUseofRefrigerantsinOlympicGames.D.TheStructureofIce.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了北京冬奧會在制冰的原料和技術上的精益求精?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據第三段的“Thefirststepforbuildinganyicerinkistopurifythewatertoremovedissolvedsolidslikesaltsandminerals.Suchimpuritiesdon’tfitintheregularhexagonalstructureoficethatformsaswaterfreezes.Themorepurethewateris(建造溜冰場的第一步是凈化水，去除溶解的固體，如鹽和礦物質。這些雜質不符合水結冰時形成的冰的正六邊形結構。水越純凈)”可知，水越純凈，冰面就越穩定。由此推知，劃線詞consistent的意思是“穩定的”，和firm意思相近。故選B?！?3題詳解】細節理解題。根據倒數第二段“Asanelementoftheatmosphere,CO2doesn’tdamagetheozonelayer.AlthoughCO2isagreenhousegas,itsgreenhouseeffectismuchlowerthanthatofothersyntheticrefrigerants.TheWinterOlympicsvenuesadoptedCO2insteadofFreonasarefrigerantinice-making,whichwillreducecarbondioxideemissionsgreatly.(作為大氣中的一種元素，二氧化碳不會破壞臭氧層。雖然二氧化碳是一種溫室氣體，但其溫室效應遠低于其他合成制冷劑。冬奧會場館在制冰過程中采用了二氧化碳而不是氟利昂作為制冷劑，這將大大減少二氧化碳的排放)”可知，二氧化碳冷卻技術被應用于冬奧會是因為二氧化碳比氟利昂更加環保。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“WebelievethesetechnologicalinnovationswillbringBeijing2022tospectatorsallovertheworldinamoreimpressiveway(我們相信，這些技術創新將以更令人印象深刻的方式將北京2022年冬奧會帶給世界各地的觀眾)”可知，高波對于二氧化碳用于制冰持有支持態度。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段“InJanuary,2021,theice-makingworkonthe“IceRibbon”,alandmarkvenuefortheBeijingWinterOlympics,wascompleted.(2021年1月，北京冬奧會標志性場地“冰帶”的制冰工作已經完成)”以及文章內容可知，文章主要介紹了北京冬奧會在制冰的原料和技術上的精益求精，所以“BeneathOlympicIce(冬奧會滑冰場的秘密)”可以作為文章標題。故選B。第二節（共5小題；每小題3分，滿分15分）根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whenyouneedtofindasolutiontoadesignproblem,youcouldaskyourself,“Whatanimalsorplantsfaceasimilarproblemintheirlives,andhowdotheyhandleit?”____16____Termites(白蟻)inAfricacontrolthetemperatureandaircurrentsintheirnestsbyhavingthickwallsandairspacesinthetoppart.TheEastgateCentreinHarare,Zimbabwewasdesignedinasimilarway,withthickoverhangsshadingthewindows,andalltheofficesconnectedtoabigchimneylettinghotairescape.Thisallowsittostaycoolwhileusingmuchlessair-conditioning.____17____EngineerNakatsualsoaskedhimselfthesamequestion.____18____Akeenbirdwatcher,Nakatsurealisedthatkingfishersalsoexperienceanabruptpressurechangewhendivingintothewater,buttheirbeaksallowthemtopiercethroughthewatersmoothly.Histeamfoundthatputtingalong,pointednoseonthetraingreatlyreducedtheloudboomsinthetunnelandallowedittorunfaster.Havingabigpictureoftheworldweliveinalsohelpsusunderstandhowtechnologycanbeusedtoprotectinsteadofdestroyit.____19____Ontheotherhand,plasticpackagingcreatesalotofwasteandpollution.Onecompanyhascomeupwithanalternativematerialmadeofcomhuskwasteandsomebigcompaniesarestartingtouseit.____20____Nakatsuworriesthatchildrentodaydonothavetheopportunitytotouchandfeelnature.Headvisesthatstudentsinuniversityshouldstudymorethanonenarrowfieldsothattheydonotjusthaveonefixedwayofthinking.A.Innature,everythinggetsrecycled.B.Tomimic(模仿)nature,wemustbefamiliarwithit.C.Itturnsoutthatnaturalbeautyoftenhasalogicalreasonbehindit.D.Largecitiesfullofpeopleareoftencomparedtoants’colonies(群).E.Thisideawasusedtoarrangehundredsofmirrorsatasolarpowerplant.F.ItcouldbeagoodsolutionforthehotandcrowdedcitiesinSoutheastAsiatoo.G.Hisproblemwasthatthepressurefromabullettrainrushingintoatunnelathighspeedcausedloudnoises.【答案】16.D17.F18.G19.A20.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們可以從大自然中吸取靈感，以便用更環保的方式解決我們所面臨的問題?！?6題詳解】根據上文“Whenyouneedtofindasolutiontoadesignproblem,youcouldaskyourself,“Whatanimalsorplantsfaceasimilarproblemintheirlives,andhowdotheyhandleit?”(當你需要找到一個設計問題的解決方案時，你可以問自己，‘哪些動物或植物在生活中面臨類似的問題，它們如何處理？’)”和下文“Termites(白蟻)inAfricacontrolthetemperatureandaircurrentsintheirnestsbyhavingthickwallsandairspacesinthetoppart.(非洲的白蟻通過在其巢穴頂部有厚壁和空氣空間來控制溫度和氣流)”可知，上文提出遇到設計問題時可以想象面臨類似問題的動植物，下文則提到了非洲白蟻巢穴的特點。由此推知，空處內容應與建筑和螞蟻相關。D項“人口眾多的大城市經常被比作螞蟻的聚居地”符合題意，開啟下文，ants呼應下文termites。故選D。【17題詳解】空處位于段末，應承接上文。根據上文“TheEastgateCentreinHarare,Zimbabwewasdesignedinasimilarway,withthickoverhangsshadingthewindows,andalltheofficesconnectedtoabigchimneylettinghotairescape.Thisallowsittostaycoolwhileusingmuchlessair-conditioning.(津巴布韋哈拉雷的Eastgate中心也采用了類似的設計方法，厚實的懸架遮蔽窗戶，所有的辦公室都連接到一個大煙囪，讓熱空氣逸出。這使得它在使用更少的空調的同時保持涼爽)”可知，這種類似白蟻巢穴的設計適用于炎熱地帶的城市。由此推知，空處繼續陳述這種設計的應用。F項“對于東南亞炎熱擁擠的城市來說，這也是一個很好的解決方案”符合題意，also表明上下文的并列關系。故選F?！?8題詳解】根據上文“EngineerNakatsualsoaskedhimselfthesamequestion.(工程師Nakatsu也問了自己同樣的問題)”推知，空處應指出Nakatsu面臨的問題是什么。G項“他的問題是高速行駛的高速列車沖進隧道時產生的壓力會產生巨大的噪音”符合題意，problem是關鍵詞，選項中的his指代Nakatsu。故選G。【19題詳解】根據下文“Ontheotherhand,plasticpackagingcreatesalotofwasteandpollution.(另一方面，塑料包裝制造了許多浪費和污染)”中的ontheotherhand推知，空處內容與下文形成對照，即空處陳述環保的一方面。A項“在自然界，一切都是循環利用的”符合題意。故選A?！?0題詳解】根據下文“Nakatsuworriesthatchildrentodaydonothavetheopportunitytotouchandfeelnature.Headvisesthatstudentsinuniversityshouldstudymorethanonenarrowfieldsothattheydonotjusthaveonefixedwayofthinking.(Nakatsu擔心今天的孩子沒有機會觸摸和感受大自然。他建議大學里的學生應該學習不止一個狹窄的領域，這樣他們就不會只有一種固定的思維方式)”可知，Nakatsu建議孩子們多接觸自然，這樣就可以熟悉自然，并從中學習一些解決問題的方法。B項“要模仿自然，我們必須熟悉它”符合題意，nature是關鍵詞。故選B。第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節，滿分55分）第一節完形填空（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A.B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。JessicaLong,fromBaltimore,Maryland,USAisachampionbyalldefinitionsoftheword.Sheisoneoftheworldsmostdecorated____21____.Jessicawastheyoungestathlete,at12yearsold,towinaParalympics(殘奧會)medal.JessicawasborninIrkutsk,Russiawithasevereandrarebirthdefect-fibularhemimelia.Thismeansthatpartofher____22____boneswasmissingordeformed.Fearingshecouldnot____23____Jessica,heryoungmotherplacedherinaRussianorphanage(孤兒院).Fortunately,shewas____24____byanAmericanfamilywhenshewas13monthsold.Sherequired25different____25____tohelpherlegcondition.Butunfortunately,bothofherlegshadtobe____26____whenshewasjust18monthsold.Jessicalearnedtowalkwith____27____legs.Asachild,shetookup____28____includinggymnastics,cheerleading,iceskating,biking,androckclimbing.Jessicabeganswimmingathergrandparents’house,shewas____29____aboutswimming,neveronceallowingherdisabilityto_____30_____herback.“IalwayslovedpretendingIwasa_____31_____oramermaidwhileswimming.”sheoncesaid.Shereallyexcelledatswimming.Shortlyaftershestartedcompeting,Jessicawas_____32_____asMaryland’sFemaleSwimmeroftheYearwithaDisability.EventhoughLongwas_____33_____withherphysicallimitations,shewasencouragedtoenterherfirstParalympicGamesinAthens,Greece.Shewonthreegoldmedalsinswimmingattheageof12!Butshedidnot_____34_____onhersuccess.Jessicahasgoneontowin23medalsforTeamUSAattheParalympics!Whileshebeganher_____35_____outofangerandfrustration,sheisnowapositive_____36_____onamissiontoinspirethenextgenerationofParalympians!Jessicabelievesherconditionisanopportunityratherthana_____37_____.Havingadisabilitydoesn’tmeanherlifeisnot_____38_____,Jessicaalwaysbelieveshecandoanything.Shealwaysgives110%.Andsheneverallowedherselfto_____39_____.Asshesays,“Theonlydisabilityinlifeisa_____40_____attitude”.21.A.swimmers B.skater C.gymnast D.cyclist22.A.arm B.muscle C.leg D.hand23.A.takein B.carefor C.leaveout D.pickup24.A.named B.educated C.abandoned D.adopted25.A.surgeries B.movements C.assessments D.programs26.A.protected B.checked C.fixed D.removed27.A.injured B.dynamic C.artificial D.flexible28.A.entertainment B.sports C.procedures D.jobs29.A.enthusiastic B.cautious C.certain D.particular30.A.look B.get C.hold D.put31.A.bird B.fish C.horse D.angel32.A.considered B.selected C.treated D.praised33.A.serious B.familiar C.sad D.honest34.A.resign B.panic C.agree D.rest35.A.leisure B.finance C.claim D.career36.A.force B.detective C.candidate D.principle37.A.warning B.misfortune C.fantasy D.mistake38.A.satisfying B.disappointing C.awkward D.efficient39.A.slip B.hide C.quit D.retire40.A.positive B.creative C.distant D.negative【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.D25.A26.D27.C28.B29.A30.C31.B32.B33.C34.D35.D36.A37.B38.A39.C40.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了獲得殘奧會獎牌最年輕的運動員JessicaLong的成長經歷?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她是世界上獲得獎牌最多的游泳運動員之一。A.swimmers游泳運動員；B.skater滑冰者；C.gymnast體操運動員；D.cyclist自行車運動員。根據“Shewonthreegoldmedalsinswimmingattheageof12!”可知，她是一名游泳運動員。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這意味著她的部分腿骨缺失或變形了。A.arm手臂，胳膊；B.muscle肌肉；C.leg腿；D.hand手。根據下文“Sherequired25different____5____tohelpherlegcondition.”可知，此處為信息詞leg的詞匯復現。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：由于擔心她不能照顧杰西卡，她年輕的母親把她送到了一家俄羅斯的孤兒院。A.takein吸收，欺騙；B.carefor照顧，關心；C.leaveout省略，不考慮；D.pickup撿起，學會。根據“JessicawasborninIrkutsk,Russiawithasevereandrarebirthdefect-fibularhemimelia.(杰西卡出生在俄羅斯伊爾庫茨克，患有嚴重而罕見的先天缺陷——腓骨偏癱。)”可知，由于擔心她不能照顧杰西卡，她年輕的母親把她送到了一家俄羅斯的孤兒院。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運的是，她在13個月大的時候被一個美國家庭收養。A.named命名；B.educated教育；C.abandoned放棄，拋棄；D.adopted收養，采取。根據上文“heryoungmotherplacedherinaRussianorphanage(孤兒院).”和“Fortunately”可知，此處表示她在13個月大的時候被一個美國家庭收養。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她需要25次不同的手術來改善她的腿部狀況。A.surgeries外科手術；B.movements動作，運動；C.assessments評估，評價；D.programs項目，計劃。根據“tohelpherlegcondition”可知，她需要做25次外科手術。故選A。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但不幸的是，在她18個月大的時候，她的雙腿不得不被切除。A.protected保護；B.checked檢查；C.fixed修理，固定；D.removed移除。根據“Butunfortunately”可知，她的雙腿不得不被切除。故選D。【27題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：杰西卡學會了用假肢走路。A.injured受傷的；B.dynamic充滿活力的；C.artificial人工的；D.flexible靈活的。根據“Butunfortunately,bothofherlegshadtobe____6____whenshewasjust18monthsold.”可知，由于雙腿被切除，她學會了用假肢走路。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：小時候，她就開始參加體操、啦啦隊、滑冰、騎自行車和攀巖等運動。A.entertainment娛樂；B.sports運動；C.procedures步驟；D.jobs工作。根據“includinggymnastics,cheerleading,iceskating,biking,androckclimbing.”可知，她開始參加各種運動。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：杰西卡開始在她祖父母家游泳，她對游泳充滿熱情，從未讓自己的殘疾阻礙過她。A.enthusiastic熱情的；B.cautious小心的，謹慎的；C.certain確定的；D.particular特別的。根據下文“Shereallyexcelledatswimming.”可知，她對游泳充滿熱情。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.look看；B.get得到；C.hold舉辦，保持；D.put放置。根據“neveronceallowingherdisability”可知，從未讓自己的殘疾阻礙過她。holdsth.back為固定短語，意為“阻止”。故選C?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我總是喜歡在游泳時假裝自己是一條魚或一條美人魚。A.bird鳥；B.fish魚；C.horse馬；D.angel天使。根據“oramermaidwhileswimming.”可知，她總是喜歡在游泳時假裝自己是一條魚或一條美人魚。故選B。【32題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在她開始比賽后不久，杰西卡被選為馬里蘭州殘疾女游泳運動員。A.considered考慮；B.selected挑選；C.treated對待，治療；D.praised贊美。根據“Shortlyaftershestartedcompeting”可知，杰西卡被選為馬里蘭州殘疾女游泳運動員。故選B。33題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管Long因身體缺陷而感到悲傷，但她還是被鼓勵參加了在希臘雅典舉行的第一次殘奧會。A.serious嚴重的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.sad難過的；D.honest誠實的。根據“withherphysicallimitations,”可知，Long因身體缺陷而感到悲傷。故選C。【34題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但她并沒有止步于成功。A.resign辭職，放棄；B.panic使恐慌；C.agree同意；D.rest休息，停止。根據“Jessicahasgoneontowin23medalsforTeamUSAattheParalympics!”可知，杰西卡并沒有止步于成功。故選D。【35題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然她的職業生涯是在憤怒和挫