PAGEPAGE1Unit2Sailingtheoceans當(dāng)今航海技術(shù)達(dá)到前所未有的水平，那么你知道古代一些有關(guān)航海方面的儀器嗎？Sinan，theancientChinesecompassItwasinventedbyZhangHengintheHanDynasty.Itismadeupofabronzefoundation(青銅底盤)andmagneticspoon(磁勺)whichismadeofnaturalmagnet，positionedrightinthecenterofthefoundation.Thehandleofthespoonpointstothesouth，whiletheothersidepointstothenorth.WhentheSinanisinthestill，thehandleofthespoonpointstothesouthbecauseoftheinfluenceoftheterrestrialmagnetism(地磁)．AstrolabeIthas17starslistedaswellasamapoftheskyoverhead(for37degrees)andtheecliptic(黃道)．ThetimeofdayornightisontheoutsideedgewithnoonatthetopoftheAstrolabeandmidnightatthebottom.Itcomeswithacarryingchain，apouch，andabookonitsuse.Thereversesidehasasightformeasuringtheelevationsoftheheavenlybodies.SextantThesextantisanavigationalinstrumentformeasuringtheanglebetweenthehorizonandsomeobjectinthesky.Firstasailorlooksatthehorizonthroughaneyepiece.Attheseelightfromthesunorastarreflectedoffasmallmirrorontopoftheinstrument，ontoasecondmirrorandintotheeyepiece.Thenavigatorcanthenseetwoimages，thehorizonandthesunsidebyside.Hecanthenmeasuretheanglebetweenthemonascaleatthebottomoftheinstrument.Thescalegoesfrom0to120degrees.Anearlierinstrument，calledaquadrant，measuredinangleinthesamewaybutitcouldonlymeasureanglesfrom0to90degrees.NauticalchartNauticalchartsaremapsofthedepthoftheseaandthecurrentsoftheoceans.Theyprovidemodernsailorswithroutesthroughtheseas，ratherlikeroadsthroughthecountryside.Theinformationbegantobecollectedinthenineteenthcenturyandhascontinuedtobeupdatedeversince.ThesechartswerenotavailabletoCaptainBlighorZhengHe.兩個(gè)誘思問(wèn)題1．WhatisthetheoryoftheSinaninventedbyZhangHeng?2．WhyweretheNauticalchartsnotabletobeusedbyCaptainBlighorZhengHe?【答案】1．Theinfluenceoftheterrestrialmagnetism.2．Becausetheinformationbegantobecollectedinthenineteenthcentury.SectionⅠReading(WarmingUp,Pre-reading，Reading&Comprehending)Ⅰ.依據(jù)詞性及英文釋義寫出單詞的正確形式1．n．kindness；forgiveness2．n．a(chǎn)ctivityofexploring3．a(chǎn)dj.aboveone'shead4．a(chǎn)dj.atseanotfarfromland5．a(chǎn)dj.madeordonewithoutanyplan6．a(chǎn)dj.difficulttouse7．n．a(chǎn)ctofmentioning；actoflookingatforinformation8．a(chǎn)dj.lightandthatcanbe(easily)carriedormoved【答案】1.mercy2.exploration3.overhead4.offshore5.random6.awkward7.reference8.portableⅡ.短語(yǔ)填空maywell；atthemercyof；workout；becloseto；thenumberof；comparewith；inrelationto；ratherthan1．Iprefertowalktheretakeabus.2．Theboatwastherapidriver.3．Thisnovelbecomeaclassic.4．thosewhoaresuffering，wearebetteroff.5．Ibelievethatyoucanthisproblembyyourself.【答案】1.ratherthan2.atthemercyof3.maywell4.Comparedwith5.workoutⅠ.閱讀P12－13課文內(nèi)容，從三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳答案1．Howmanytraditionalmethodsusedbyseamenarementionedinthepassage?A．Four. B．Five.C．Eight.2．Thepassagedoesn'ttelluswhetherskilledseamenusedtousethetojudgehispositionatsea.A．NorthStar B．sunC．moon3．Bystudyingthewinds，seamencould．A．judgethedirectionoftheshipB．knowhowfarawaytheywerefromtheirhomeC．tellthedistancetheyhaddiscovered4．Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat．A．whyearlyseamenwantedtosailthesevenseasB．thereisusefulinformationinanencyclopediaC．earlysailorswentexploringtheseasusingtheirskillsandsimpleinstruments5．Thepurposeofthepassageistotellus．A．keepingalongitudeofthecoastlineisthefirstandmostusefulformofexplorationB．a(chǎn)bouttheskillsandnavigationalaidsearlyseamenusedwhilesailingtheoceansC．thefindingoflatitudeandlongitudeisamusttoplotaship'spositiononamap【答案】1.A2.C3.A4.C5.BⅡ.閱讀P12－13課文內(nèi)容，完成下列表格UsingnatureTohelpKeepingalongsidethecoastlineThe1.usefulformofexploration.UsingcelestialbodiesNorthStar:AttheNorthPoleitisatits2.position；Attheequatoritisalongthehorizon.Sun：Thesailorscouldusetheheightofthesuntoworkouttheir3..Clouds：Aspecialcloudformationindicateslandcloseby.Usingnavigat-ionalinstru-mentstohelpUsing4.Seaweed：Sailorscould5.bythecolourandsmellofseaweed.Birds：Seamencouldfollowthebirdswhichreturntolandtofindland.UsingtheweatherFog:Seamenusedfogto6.thepositionofastreamorriver.Winds：Seamenusedwindsto7.theirsailing.UsingtheseaCertaintidesandcurrentscouldbeusedtocarryshipstotheirdestination.FindinglongitudeSailorsknewamethodof8.longitudeusingspeedandtime.FindinglatitudeTheBearingCircle:Thefirstinstrumenttomeasure9..TheAstrolabe：Itgavetheseamenthelocaltimeandallowedthemtofindtheirlatitudeatsea.TheQuadrant:Itmeasuredhowhigh10.were.TheSextant:Itprovedtobethemostaccurateandreliableoftheseearlynavigationalinstruments.【答案】1.firstandmost2.highest3.latitude4.wildlife5.tell6.identify7.direct8．calculating9.thesun'sposition10.starsⅢ.閱讀P12－13課文內(nèi)容，完成下面課文縮寫Thisreadingexplainshowseamen1.(explore)theoceansandwhatkindofnavigationalinstrumentswereusedtosailors2.theseventeenthcentury3.theywerenavigatingtheopenseaswithoutseeingland.The4.(voyage)oftravellersbeforethe17thcenturyshowthattheywerenot5.themercyofthe