FundamentalMedicalEnglishTest(B)

PartIVocabulary(35%)

SectionA

Directions：ChoosethedefinitionfromchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)thatbestmatchesthe

stemoraffixgivenineachitem.

1.stcrn/o-

A)skullB)cartilageC)breastboneD)brain

2.oste/o-

A)jointB)marrowC)membraneD)bone

3.-clast

A)tocombineB)tojoinC)tobreakD)toput

4.hcm/o-

A)fiberB)serumC)bloodD)clot

5.-poiesis

A)productionB)immunizationC)combinationD)reduction

6.gastr/o-

A)esophagusB)pancreasC)stomachD)liver

7.entcr/o

A)jejunumB)ileumC)rectumD)smallintestine

8.crythr/o

A)whiteB)redC)yellowD)green

9.nephr/o

A)bladderB)ureterC)kidneyD)urethra

10.para-

A)insideB)outsideC)behindD)beside

11.myo-

A)tissueB)muscleC)cellD)plasm

12.cardi/o

A)spleenB)liverC)lungD)heart

13.-rrhexis

A)ruptureB)sutureC)mixtureD)flexure

14.intra-

A)betweenoramongB)inside,inC)overD)by

15.ne/o-

A)oldB)newC)smallD)large

16.hypo-

A)deficientB)excessiveC)sufficientD)productive

17.mela-

A)upwardB)downwardC)after,beyondD)before,infrontof

18.kary/o-

A)nucleusB)plasmaC)serousD)mucous

19.lip/o-

A)drugB)nutrientC)skinD)fat

20.-ectomy

A)incisionB)excisionC)lesionD)diffusion

SectionB

Directions:Thereare25incompletesentencesinthissection.Foreachsentencetherearefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthe

sentence..

21.Thecellsbelievedtoberesponsiblefor(heresorptionofbonetissueare

called.

A)osteoblastsB)osteoclastsC)osteoporosisD)ossification

22.Internalreproductiveorgansarcprotectedfrominjuryby

A)sternumB)scapulaeC)patellaD)pelvicbone

23.Theisacrucialpartofthemechanismformaintainingbodytemperature.

A)hypothalamusB)thalamusC)diencephalonsD)meninges

24.The,theponsandthemidbrainarecalledthebrainstem.

A)foramenmagnumB)cerebralcortex

C)corpuscallosumD)medullaoblongata

25.Bloodiscomposedofcellsorcell-likestructuresandanextracellularfluid

called.

A)serosaB)mjcosaC)plasmaD)stroma

26.,thepigmentoferythrocytes,iscapableofcarryingoxygenorcarbondioxide.

A)HemosiderinB)HemoglobinC)BilirubinD)Thrombin

27.Thenormaladrenalcortexrespondstotheconditionofstressbyquicklyincreasingits

secretionof.

A)glucocorticoidsB)mincralcorticoids

C)thyroxineD)epinephrine

28.Endocrineglandssecretechemicalsknownasintointercellularspaces.

A)aminoacidB)sodiumchlorideC)colloidD)hormones

29.Theutilizationofthedigestedsubstancesbythebodycellsiscalled.

A)metabolismB)catabolismC)metaboliteD)catabolite

30.Whenthechymeentersthe,thesecondpartofthesmallintestine,

absorptionofthedigestedfoodoccurs.

A)ileumB)rectumC)cecumD)jejunum

31.Theisaverynarrowhollowcylinderformedbyasinglelayerofepithelialcells.

A)glomerulusB)pelvisC)renaltubuleD)Bowman,scapsule

32.Theword''hasthesamemeaningwith'urination'.

A)masticationB)miciuritionC)deglutitionD)agglutination

33.Theismadeupofinterlacingbundlesofsmoothmuscles.

A)myomelriumB)endometriumC)adventitiaD)serosa

34.Duringpregnancy,thecenicalmucousglandsproliferateandsecreteamoreviscousand

moreabundant.

A)ovumB)fetusC)gameteD)mucus

35.Theartroventricularvalvesliebetweentheandventricleineachhalfofthe

heart.

A)alveolusB)aortaC)atriumD)arteriole

36.Theisthemostimportantinspiratorymuscleduringnormalquietbreathing.

A)septumB)diaphragmC)pleuraD)elastica

37.Morcthan10millionchildrendieeachyearinthedevelopingworld,ihcvastmajorityfromcauses

preventablethroughacombinationofgoodcare,nutrition,andmedicalireatmcnt.forchildren

underfivedroppedby15percentsince1990,buttheratestillremainedhighindevelopingcountries.

A)MorbidityB)MortalityC)IncidenceD)Involution

38.Animportantmethodoflocalextensioninmanycancersisknownas.

A)metastasisB)hyperplasiaC)permeationD)embolization

39.Doctorsandnursesshouldtakegreatcareduringsurgerynottothewound

withcancercells.

A)disseminateB)contaminateC)migrateD)occlude

40.istheresultofhydrolysisofchromatinwithinthecellafteritsdeath.

A)KaryolysisB)PyknosisC)NecrosisD)Apoptosis

41.Thecauseofnecrosisinvivooftheanteriorhorncellsofthespinalcordinis

virusinfection.

A)appendicitisB)arthritisC)gastroenteritisD)poliomyelitis

42.Inflammationofthelungistraditionallycalled,whichcansometimesaffect

newborns.

A)asthmaB)asphyxiaC)pleurisyD)pneumonia

43.Whenthemicrovasculatureatthesiteofinjurybecomesdilatedandfilledwithblood,

develops.

A)hypercalcemiaB)hypertrophyC)hyperaemiaD)hyperplasia

44.Diabetesmcllituscancausesomecomplicationssuchas,numbnessandhigh

bloodpressure.

A)retinopathyB)bronchospasmC)malariaD)hemophilia

45.Aspleenrupturedbyablowtotheabdomenisanimmediatecauseof.

A)tumorB)traumaC)ulcerD)wart

PartIIReadingComprehension(45%)

Directions：Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionthereare

fouranswersmarkedA,BzC,andD.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebest

answertoeachofthequestions.Thenmarkyouranswerontheanswersheetby

blackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.

Passage1

Thebrainisoneofourlargestorgans,andoneofthetwomajorstructures(spinalcordisthe

other)ofthecentralnervoussystem.Thebrainisprotectedinthecranialcavityoftheskulland

alsocoveredbytheprotectivemembranescalledmeninges.Itconsistsofthefollowingdivisions.

BrainstemThelowestpartofthebrainsteinisthemedullaoblongata.Immediatelyabove

themedullaliestheponsandabovethatthemidbrain.Togetherthesethreestructuresarecalled

thebrainstem.

CerebellumThecerebellumisthesecondlargestpartofthehumanbrain.Itliesunderthe

occipitallobeofthecerebrum.Inthecerebellum,graymattercomposestheouterlayer,andwhite

mattercomposesthebulkoftheinterior.

DiencephalonDiencephalonisasmallbutimportantpartofthebrainlocatedbetweenthe

midbrainbelowandthecerebrumabove.Itconsistsoftwomajorstructures;thehypothalamusand

thethalamus.

CerebrumThecerebrumisthelargestanduppermostpartofthebrain.Ifyouweretolook

attheoutersurfaceofthecerebrum,thefirstfeaturesyouv/oukinoticemightbeitsmanyridges

andgrooves.Theridgesarecalledconvolutionsorgyri,andthegroovesarecalledsulci;the

longitudinalfissuredividesthecerebrumintorightandlefthalvesorhemispheres.Thesehalves

arealmostseparatestructuresexceptfortheirlowermidpoints,whichareconnectedbyastructure

calledthecorpuscallosum.Twodeepsulcisubdivideeachcerebralhemisphereintofourmajor

lobesandeachlobeintonumerousconvolutions.Thelobesarenamedforthebonesthatlieover

them;thefrontallobe,(heparietallobe,thetemporallobe,andtheoccipitallobe.

46.Whichofthefollowingisthelargestpartofthebrain?

A)Brainstein.

B)Diencephalon.

C)Cerebrum.

D)Cerebellum.

47.Theuppermostpartofihebrainstemisthe.

A)medullaoblongata

B)midbrain

C)pons

D)whitematter

48.Thecerebellumiscomposedof.

A)graymatter

B)whitematter

C)BothA)andB).

D)NoneofA)andB)

49.Thethalamusisanicijoi-structureofthe.

A)midbrain

B)cerebellum

C)brainstem

D)diencephalons

50.Accordingtotheabovepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEEXCEPT

A)Therearemanygroovesandridgesontheoutersurfaceofthecerebrum.

B)Theridgesofthecerebrumarecalledgyri,andthegroovesarecalledsulci;

C)Twodeepsulcidivideeachcerebralhemisphereintofourmajorlobes.

D)Rightandlefthemispheresofthecerebrumarecompletelyseparatestructures.

Passage2

Massageaffectsthebodyasawhole.Tounderstandhowmassagetherapyworks,someofthe

physiologicaleffectsofmassageneedtobebrieflyexamined.

Massageisknowntoincreasethecirculationofbloodandflowoflymph.Thedirectmechanical

effectofrhythmicallyappliedmanualpressureandmovementusedinmassagecandramaticallyincrease

therateofbloodflow.Also,thestimulationofnervereceptorscausesthebloodvessels(byreflexaction)

todilate,whichalsofacilitatesbloodflow.

Amilkywhitefluidcalledlymphcarriesimpuritiesandwasteawayfromthetissuesandpasses

throughgland-likestructuresspacedthroughoutthelymphaticsystemthatactasfilteringvalves.The

lymphdoesnotcirculateastheblooddoes,soitsmovementdependslargelyonthesqueezingeffectof

musclecontractions.Consequently,inactivepeoplefailtostimulatelymphflow.Ontheotherhand,the

stimulationcausedbyvigorousactivitycanbeoutstrippedbytheincreasedwasteproducedbythat

activity.Massagecandramaticallyaidthemovementoflymphineithercase.

Forthewholebodytobehealthy,thesumofitsparts-thecells-mustbehealthy.Theindividual

cellsofthebodyaredependentonanabundantsupplyofbloodandlymphbecausethesefluidssupply

nutrientsandoxygenandcarryawaywastesandtoxins.So,itiseasytounderstandwhygoodcirculation

issoimportanttoourhealthandwhymassagecanbesobeneficialfortheentirebodyduetoitseffecton

circulationalone.

Massageisalsoknownto:

--Causechangesintheblood.Theoxygencapacityofthebloodcanincrease10-15%after

massage.

---Affectmusclesthroughoutthebody.Massagecanhelploosencontractedshortened

musclesandcanstimulateweak,flaccidmuscles.Thismuscle"balancing“canhelppostureandspeed

recoveryfromthefatiguethatoccursafterexercise.Inthisway,itcanbepossibletodomoreexercise

andtraining,whichinthelongrunstrengthensmusclesandimprovesconditioning.Massagealsoprovides

agentlestretchingactiontoboththemusclesandconnectivetissuesthatsurroundandsupportthe

musclesandmanyotherpartsofthebody,whichhelpskeepthesetissueselastic.

---Increasethebody'ssecretionsandexcretions.Thereisaprovenincreaseinthe

productionofgastricjuices,saliva,andurine.Thereisalsoanincreaseexcretionofnitrogen,inorganic

phosphorus,andsodiumchloride(salt).Thissuggeststhatthemetabolicrate(theutilizationofabsorbed

materialbythebody'scells)increases.

51.Themovementofthelymphdependslargelyonthe.

A)stimulationofnervereceptors

B)squeezingeffectofmusclecontractions

C)rateofbloodflow

D)dilationoflymphaticglands

52.Accordingtotheabovepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

A)Massagecanincreasethecirculationofblood.

B)Massagecanincreasetheflowoflymph.

C)Vigorousactivitycaninhibitlymphflow..

D)Inactivestatefailstostimulatelymphflow.

53.Whatthehealthoftheindividualcellsofthebodydependson?

A)Anabundantsupplyofblood.

B)Anabundantsupplyoflymph.

C)BothA)dndB).

D)Notmentionedinthepassage.

54.Accordingtotheabovepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A)Massagecanhelpmakebalancedposture.

B)Massagecanhelpkeepmuscleselastic.

C)Massagecanincreasepeople/srunningspeed.

D)Massagecanincreasethelacticacidinmuscles.

55.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A)Goodcirculationisimportanttoourhealth.

B)Massageaffectsthebodyasawhole.

C)Massageincreasesthemetabolicrateofthebody.

D)Massageimprovesthebody'sconditioning.

Passage3

Thewordhealthmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Tomanypeople,itmerelymeans

thefreedomfromanyobvioussymptomsofdisease.Tosomeoneinpoorhealth,itmaymean

agoaltobeattained.Toapsychologist,healthisprincipallythenormalfunctioningofthe

mind.Toaphysician,itisprincipallythenormalfunctioningofthebody.Toaninvestor,it

maybeaprofitableindustry.Toaquack,itisafee,payableinadvance.

Onedefinitionofhealthis"theabilitytofunctioneffectivelywithinone'senvironment."

Healthisseenastheconsequenceandtheevidenceofasuccessfuladaptationtothe

conditionsofphysicalandemotionalexistenceanddiseaseasafailureinadaptation.Because

theenvironmentisconstantlychanging,thisdefinitionofhealthimpliesanongoing,

continuousprocessofadaptation.Poorhealthisseenintermsofinabilitytoadapt.Such

inabilitycouldresultfroinanenvironmentthatchangesbeyondtheinherentlimitsofhjman

adaptivepotential.Thus,ahealthfulenvironmentisessentialtoourpersonalhealth.Too

often,thereareadversefactorsinaperson'sphysical,emotional,orsocialenvironmentthat

aredamagingtohealthand(hatarebeyondtheabilityofeven(hemostadaptableindividual

toadapttoortomodify.

Intoday'scomplexworld,itisnecessarytodefinehealthinverybroadterms.Health

cannotbedefinedasmerelytheabsenceofdiseaseorasapurelypersonalcondition.The

WorldHealthOrganization'sConstitutiondefineshealthasastateofphysical,mental,and

socialwell-beingandnotmerelytheabsenceofdiseaseorinfirmity.Thehealthofthe

individualandofthesocietyaremutuallydependent.Individualhealthcannotreachits

fullestdevelopmentwithinanailingsociety,norcanasocietycomposedofphysicallyor

emotionallyillindividualsbetrulyhealthy.Thehealthoftheindividualcontributestothe

healthofthesociety;thehealthofthesocietyhelpsbuildthehealthoftheindividual.

Thewayinwhichanindividualdefineshealthwillstronglyinfluencehisorher

health-relatedbehavior.Peoplewhosechealthonlyintermsoftheabsenceofdiseasearc

unlikelytoassumemuchpersonalresponsibilityfortheirownhealth.Theymayseehealthas

theproblemtobedealtwithbyphysiciansandpublichealthworkersbutnotasanyreal

concernoftheirown.Theytendtotakeapassiveroleinthemaintenanceoftheirownhealth.

Althoughsuchpeoplemaynotbeactuallysick,neitheraretheyusuallyinexcellenthealth.

Levelsofhealthliealongacontinuumthatrangesfromdeathatoneextremetopositive

wellnessattheother.Thehealthofmostpeopleliessomewherenearthecenter.Theyarcnot

seriouslyill,butneitheraretheyreallyveryhealthy.Positivewellnessisastateofradiant

physicalandemotionalwell-being.Lifeisapleasure.Everydayisapproachedwith

enthusiasmandlivedjoyfully.Thereismorethanenoughenergytomeeteachday'sdemands.

Thebody'sdefensesagainstillnessarestrongandyearsmaygobywithoutadayofillness.

Peoplewhoseehealthintermsofpositivewellnessratherthanjusttheabsenceofdisease,

willtakeamoreactiveroleinpromotingtheirownhealth.Theyareawareofthefantastic

possibilitieslifeholdsforpeopleingoodhealth.Theyknowthattherewardstheyreceive

fromlifearelargelydeterminedbytheamountofphysicalandemotionalvitalitytheycan

putintoliving.Theirconceptofhealthincludesapositive,dynamic,enthusiasticapproachto

living.Peoplewiththisattitudewilltakeexcellentcareoftheirphysicalhealth,becausethey

enjoylifeandwanttoliveaslongandasfullyaspossible.Also,theyarelesslikelytobe

heldbackbytheunavoidableproblemsthatdevelopthroughouteverylife.Theycopebetter

withperiodsofemotionalconflict.Theyrefusetobediscouragedordisabledbyanyphysical

handicapstheymayhaveordevelop.Theyhavetremendousabilityto"bounceback"from

adversity.Thisisthequalityofhealththatisattainabletopeoplewithpositiveattitudes.

56.Theexpression"bounceback"inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto.

A)recoverfromasetbackB)jumpupinsurprise

C)makeanattackonsomeoneD)preventfromdoingit

57.Intheauthor'sview,itisnecessarytodefinehealthinverybroadterms

because.

A)today'sworldisrathercomplex

B)healthmeansfarmore(hantheabsenceofdisease

C)healthisapurelypersonalcondition

D)nobodylikespoorhealth

58WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A)Thehealthofthesocietyisdependentonthehealthoftheindividual.

B)Thehealthofanindividualhasnothingtodowiththehealthofthesociety.

C)Individualhealthcannotreachitsfullestdevelopmentwithoutahealthy

socialenvironment.

D)Asocietycomposedofalargenumberofphysicallyoremotionallyill

individualsisnottrulyhealthy.

59.Peoplewhoseehealthsimplyintermsoftheabsenceofdisease.

A)don'tlikephysiciansandpublichealthworkers

B)maybeactuallysickandareusuallyinpoorhealth

C)mayoverlooksomeoftheirownresponsibilityfortheirhealth

D)concernthemselvesonlywiththeirhealth-relatedbehaviors

60.Thispassagecoversthefollowingissuesexcept.

A)thedefinitionofhealth

B)individuals'attitudestowardshealth

C)thelevelsofhealth

D)thefutureconceptofhealth

Passage4

Arteriesarevesselsessentialtoboththesystemicandpulmonarycirculation.Becauseoftheir

functionandsize,arteriesaredividedintothreegroups,elasticarteries,musculararteriesand

arterioles.Elasticarteriesarethelargestindiameterandthemostelasticinordertocarryouttheir

functionaltasks.Theirlargediameterservesaslow-resistanceconduitstotransportbloodtothe

medium-sizedarteries;theirelasticityenablesthemtowithstandgreatpressurefluctuationswhen

theheartcontracts,forcingbloodintothem,andrecoilingwhenbloodflowsforwardintothe

circulationduringheartrslaxation.Theyaremoreactiveinvasodilation.Becauseofthe

alternatingexpansionandrecoilofclasticarteriesduringeachcardiaccycle,apressurewaveis

created,thatis,apulsewhichistransmittedthroughtheareneswitheachheartbeat.Thepulse

providesaneasywaytocounttheheartbeat.Youcanfeelthepulseinanyarterylyingcloseto

thebodysurfacebyapplyingfirmpressure.Thereareninepressurepointsinthebodyincluding

(heradialarlerjsbrachialarlery,commoncarotidartery,facialartery,temporalartery,femoral

artery,poplitealartery,posteriortibialarteryandthedorsalispedisartery.Becausethearterial

pulserepresentstheheartrate,itisinfluencedbyemotions,posturalchangesandactivity.

Musculararteriesaremediumandsmall-sizedarteriesthatcarrybloodtospecificorgans.

Theyarcmoreactiveinvasoconstriction.Thearteriesarcthesmallestofthearterialvesselsand

theirwallsfeeddirectlyintothecapillarybeds.Vasoconstrictionandvasodilatationofthe

arteriolesaremostimportantfunctionsindeterminingthebloodflowinto(hecapillarybeds.

Whenthearteriolesconstrict,thetissuesservedarcbypassedandwhentheydilate,thebloodflow

intothecapillariesincreases.

61.Accordingtotheabovepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEconcerningthethreegroups

ofarteries?

A)Musculararteriesarethelargestindiameter.

B)Musculararteriesarethemostelastic.

C)Elasticarteriesaremoreactiveinvasodilation.

D)Elasticarteriesaremoreactiveinvasoconstiction.

62.Arteriesplayacriticalrolein.

A)thesystemiccirculation

B)thepulmonarycirculation

C)noneofA)andB)

D)bothA)andB)

63.Accordingtotheabovepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisNOTTRUE?

A)Thereisanalternatingexpansionandrecoilofelasticarteriesduringeachcardiaccycle.

B)Apulseisapressurewavecreatedbytheactivevasodilation.

C)Peoplecancounttheheartbeatbyfeelingthepulseoftheradicalartery.

D)Thearterialpulsecanbechangedbyactivity.

64,Theconstrictionanddilationofcandeterminethebloodflowintothecapillarybeds.

A)clasticarteries

B)musculararteries

C)arterioles

D)capillaries

65.Whichkindofarteriescanbestenduregreatpressurechangeswhentheheartcontracts?

A)elasticarteries

B)musculararteries

C)arterioles

D)veins

Passage5

Asinfants,welivewithoutasenseofthepast;asadults,wecanrecalleventsfromdecadesago.

Scientistshaveonlyavagueunderstandingofthisremarkabletransition,whenoursenseoftimeexpands

beyondthismorning'sfeedingandlastweek'sbath,butnowtheyknowabitmore:ConorListonof

HarvardUniversityhasdeterminedthatthebeginningsoflong-termrecallarisebetweentheninthandthe

17thmonthofababy'slife,coincidingwithstructuralchangesinthememory-processingregionsofthe

brain.BesidesexplainingwhyJuniordoesn/trememberlastmonth'striptoDisneyWorld,theseresults

shouldhelpguidefutureresearchonthelinkbetweenearlybehavioraldevelopmentandchangesinthe

infantbrain.

''Itwasn'tdearhowtongchildreninthefirstyearoflifecouldretainamemoryofanevent."Liston

says.''Wewereinterestedintestingthehypothesisthatneurologicaldevelopmentsattheendofthefirst

yearandthebeginningofthesecondwouldresultinasignificantenhancementinthiskindofmemory."

Listonshowedasimpledemonstrationtoinfantsages9,17,or24monthsold.

Thetestresultsshowedahugedifferencebetweenthetestchildrenwhohadbeen9monthsold

whentheysawthefirstdemonstrationandthosewhohadbeenolder."Whereas9-month-oldsdon't

reallyrememberathingafterfourmonths,17-and24-month-oldsdo,〃Listonsays.''Somethingis

happeninginthebrainbetween9and17monthsoldthatenableschildrentoencodethesememories

efficientlyandinsuchawaythattheycanberetainedandretrievedafteralongperiodoftime,Liston

says.ResearchersbelievethatchangesincertainregionsofthebrainMfrontallobeandthehippocampus,

whichareassociatedwithmemoryretentionandretrieval,drivetherapidexpansionofchildhoodrecall.

Previousstudieshaveshownthatthefrontallobesmhumansbegintomatureduringthelastquarterof

thefirstyearoflife.

Liston'sworkmayhelpexplainwhyadultscanrarelyrememberanythingfrombeforetheirsecond

birthdayorso.Mostpeoplesimplyacceptthis''infantamnesia"asafactoflife.''Butit'snotdearwhya

40-year-oldhasplentyofmemoriesforsomethingthathappened20yearsago,buta20-year-o'dhas

basicallynomemoriesforsomethingthathappenedwhenhewas2or3,"Listonsays.Hesuggeststhat

thesamebrainmechanismsthatwerenotyetabletoencodelong-termmemoriesin9-month-oldsmay

alsoplaysomeroleinadults'inabilitytoremembereventsofinfancy.Researchersstillneedtolookat

otherareasofcognition——suchaswhatrolelanguagesabilityplaysinmemory-----toreallyfully

understandwhypeoplecan'trememberanythingthathappenedbefore2-3yearsofage.Butonethingis

dear:When1-year-oldSnookumsclaimshedoesn'trememberbreakingtheheirloomchinafivemonths

ago,he'salmostsurelytellingthetruth.

66.ConorListon.

A)hasonlyavagueunderstandingofinfants'memory

B)hasfoundsomethingmoreabouttheoriginoflong-termrecall

C)hasdetectedtheregionsofthebrainresponsibleformemory-processing

D)hasestablishedatheoryaboutmemorydevelopment

67.Accordingtothispassage,maypromotetherapidexpansionofchildhoodrecall.

A)thedevelopmentofasenseofthepast

B)thelastquarterofthefirstyearoflife

C)certainregionsofthebrain

D)thematurationofthefrontallobesinhumans

68.AccordingtoListon,initiate(s)thelong-termrecallabilityofachild.

A)earlybehavioraldevelopment

B)thememory-processingregionsofthebrain

C)thechangesinthebrainbetween9and17monthsold

D)thechangesinthebrainbetween17and24monthsold

69.Accordingtothispassage,itisnormalthat_______.

A)a1-year-oidcannotrecallwhathashappenedonemonthago

B)a20-year-oldcanrecallwhathashappenedwhenhewas2

C)a20-year-oldfailstorecallwhathashappenedonemonthago

D)a40-year-oldhasfewmemoriesforaneventthathappened20yearsago

70.Thepropertitleforthispassageshouldbe.

A)Liston'sTesting

B)ForgettingandMemory

C)Baby'sForgottenYears

D)TheRoleLanguageAbilityPlaysinMemory

Passage6

Experimentsonmonkeyswereviewedmuchmorenegativelythanthoseinvolvingmice.Indeed.Only

experimentstotestordevelopdrugstotreatchildhoodleukemiawereseenasjustifyingmonkeys

suffering.InBritain,experimentsinvolvingprimatesareverytightlycontrolled.Researchersmust

convincegovernmentofficialsthattheknowledgetobegainedjustifiesanysufferingtotheanimals,and

thatadequatedatacann