高考英語(yǔ)寫作功能詞（希望/期望）（一）主要英語(yǔ)對(duì)應(yīng)詞及其用法結(jié)構(gòu)【動(dòng)詞】(短語(yǔ))(hope,wish,expect,want,desire,care,trust,lookforwardto)①hope希望hopeforsth.希望得到某事物tohopeforaletter盼望著能有信來(lái)tohopeforthebest希望獲得好結(jié)果hopetodosth.希望做某事Ihopetoannouncethewinnershortly.(我希望馬上宣布獲勝者的名字。)Youshouldn'thopetofindperfecthappiness—it'sjustawill-o'-the-wisp.(不要希望能找到十全十美的幸福——那只不過(guò)是鏡花水月。)hope+thatclause希望…Ihope(that)fortunemaysmileuponyou.(我希望幸運(yùn)之神會(huì)向你微笑。)tohopeagainsthope(that).../forsth.對(duì)…仍抱一線希望Wearehopingagainsthopeforachangeinhercondition/thatthereisachangeinhercondition.(我們希望她的病情有一線轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)。)②wish希望;想要wishsth.希望得到某事物Shewishesmyhelp.(她希望得到我的幫助。)wishforsth./sb.想要得到某物/某人It'snousewishingforthingsyoucan'thave.(想要得不到的東西是徒勞的。)wishsb.sth.希望/祝愿某人得到某物Iwishyougreatsuccess.(祝你獲得巨大成功。)wish+object+complementIwishyouwellandhappy.(我祝你健康愉快。)Shedidn'twishthemattermentioned.(她不希望提到那件事。)towishsb./sthwell/ill希望某人/某事物順利(走運(yùn))/不順利(遭殃)towishsth.away希望某事物并不存在借以竭避之wish+nounclause希望…Iwishyouhadn'ttoldmeallthis.(我倒希望你當(dāng)初別把這一切都告訴我。)wishsb./sth.todosth.希望…做某事Doyouwishmetoleavenow?(你現(xiàn)在希望我走嗎?)③expect期望;指望;盼望toexpectsth.(fromsb.)期望(從某人處)得到某事物Don'texpectme.(別指望我來(lái)。)She'sexpectingagiftfromher.(她一直盼望著收到他的禮物。)expect+thatclause希望…Weexpectthingswillbeallright.(我們希望事情會(huì)很順利。)expecttodosth.希望做某事Sheexpectstopasstheexamination.(她希望通過(guò)這次考試。)expectsb.todosth.希望某人做某事Youcan'texpectmetoapproveofit.(你別指望我贊成。)expecttoomuchfrom...對(duì)…的期望值過(guò)高翻譯用詞警示①翻譯“希望某人做某事”這樣的意思時(shí)，不能譯為“hopesb.todosth.”,而應(yīng)譯為:“wish/expect/prefersb.todosth.”。例如:你希望我做點(diǎn)什么?Whatdoyouhopemetodo?(×)Whatdoyouwish/expect/prefermetodo?(?)②lookforwardto后面不能接動(dòng)詞,只能接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))。例如：盼望早日來(lái)信。Ilookforwardtohearfromyousoon.(×)Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.(?)【名詞】(hope,wish,expectation,expectancy,hopeful)tocherisha/thehopethat…希望…tohavearayofhopeofwinning/havenohopeofwinning有一線希望/沒(méi)有希望獲勝toholdoutsome/notmuch/little/nohopeof...(that...)對(duì)…抱一些希望/不抱太多的希望/不寄什么希望/不抱希望toliveinhope(s)(ofsth.)(對(duì)某事物)滿懷希望nothaveahopeinhell不抱任何希望toset/pinallone'shopesonsb.全指望某人了tohavehighhopesofwinning對(duì)獲勝抱有很大希望/滿懷希望tobuildup/raisesb.'shopes使某人抱有希望Don'traisehishopestoomuch!(不要讓他存有奢望！)(ofsth.)todash/shattersb.'shopes(某事物)使某人的希望破滅(ofsth.)tobepast/beyondhope(指某事物)毫無(wú)希望toexpressawishtobealone希望不被打擾tohavenowishtodosth.不希望做某事Ifwisheswerehorses,beggarsmightride.(如果希望都能實(shí)現(xiàn)，叫化子也能致富了。)tohavelittleexpectationofwinningaprize對(duì)于獲獎(jiǎng)不抱希望tohavehighexpectationsof...對(duì)…的期望值很高toscalebackexpectations(of...)降低(對(duì)…的)期望值tohavegreatexpectationsforsb.'sfuture/sb.對(duì)某人的前途深寄希望/寄予厚望tofallshortof(sb.'s)expectations/notcomeupto(sb.'s)expectations未合某人的希望(期望)/有負(fù)眾望toputone'sexpectationstoohigh期望過(guò)高tocherish/entertainexpectations抱有希望Hisperformancedidn'tcomeuptoexpectations.(他的演出有負(fù)眾望。)toanswer/meet/comeuptoexpectations不負(fù)眾望；合于理想alook(air)/feelingofexpectancy期望的神情/心情togivesb.theexpectancyof...使某人抱…的希望ManyayounghopefulwenttoHolly-wood.(許多滿懷希望的青年都涌至好萊塢。)【形容詞】(hopeful,wishful,expectant,expectative,hopeless)tobehopefulof/aboutsth.;tobehopefulthat…對(duì)…抱有希望tobehopefulof/aboutthefuture對(duì)未來(lái)滿懷希望Ifeelhopefulofsuccess/thatweshallsucceed.(我對(duì)成功/我們將獲得成功抱有希望。)Thefuturedoesnotseemveryhopeful.(前途似乎有點(diǎn)不妙。)withwishfuleyes以渴望的眼光awishfulthinker打如意算盤的人childrenwithexpectantfaceswaitingforthepantomimetostart眼巴巴地等待童話劇開演的兒童們theexpectativeresult預(yù)期的效果（二）常用的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)或表達(dá)指望tolookto;tocounton;tolookforwardto盼望tohopefor;toyearnfor;tosetat;tolookforwardto把未來(lái)的希望寄托于…toattachone'shopesforthefutureto...實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的希望tofulfil/realizeone'shope希望/渴望得到…towishfor…有希望(ofsth.)tooffer/give/showpromise大有希望(ofsth.)toholdmuchpromise;topromisewell/fair希望某人倒霉towishsb.ill/evil希望某人有好運(yùn)/成功towishsb.Well/towishwelltosb.希望某人走開towishsb.Away/towishsb.further希望某人滾開towishsb.atthedevil但愿能和家人團(tuán)圓towishoneselfhome對(duì)…充滿希望/很樂(lè)觀tobesanguineaboutsth./that…不愿把某事強(qiáng)加于某人notwishsth.onsb.還有一絲希望thereareafewraysofhope果然不出所料asmighthavebeenexpected/aswasexpected期望某人成為…toexpectsb.tobe...大有實(shí)現(xiàn)…的希望tobeonthefairroad/wayto...期望獲得榮譽(yù)todesirehonour對(duì)某人期望很大/期望值很高toexpectmuchfrom/ofsb.對(duì)做某事不抱什么希望tonearlydespairofdoingsth.對(duì)某人不抱什么希望toexpectlittlefrom/ofsb.對(duì)…抱有希望tofeelhopefulthat…/tobehopefulof(about)tohaveexpectationsoftoclingtothehopethat...tocherishthehopethat…tonourishhopesof…只能希望…cannotbuthopethat…(我們)誠(chéng)懇地希望…itisearnestlyhopedthat...寄希望于…tofasten/place/lay/anchor/pin/setone'shopesin/on...;tobuild/restone'shopeon...給…帶來(lái)新的希望tobringnewhopesto...;tooffernewhopeto...有成功的希望tohaveahopeofsuccess;tohavetheballatone'sfeet對(duì)…寄予很大希望tohopegreatlyof;tohavegreatexpectationsof看到獲得冠軍的一線希望toseetheslimhopesofthechampionship對(duì)做某事不抱什么希望了toholdoutlittlehopeofdoingsth.抱著…的希望toholdoutthehopeof;toentertainthehopeof懷著…的希望tocherishthehopeof;tonursethehopethat...;In(the)hopeof/that…;tofeelhopefulof/that…把全部希望寄托于…tocenterone'shopeson喚起希望toawaken/arousehopesof放棄希望toabandon/giveuphope;tofurlhopes;toresignhopes毀掉希望tokillhope;towitherhopes;tosnuffoutsb.'shopes(某事物)使某人的希望化為泡影(ofsth.)tocast(put)ablightonsb.'shopes使某人的希望破滅tocrush/extinguish/blast/dash/ruin/shattersb.'shopes使某人的希望徹底破滅totearsb.'shopestoshreds希望落空tofailtoattainone'shopes辜負(fù)某人的希望tofallshortof/notcomeuptosb.'sexpectations不辜負(fù)某人的希望toliveupto/comeupto/meet/answersb.'sexpectations有希望作為…toshowpromiseas...有…的希望toshowpromiseof...;tostandachanceof...有理由指望…thereisreasontohopethat...指望某人(認(rèn)為…靠得住)tobankon/uponsb.有希望完成/實(shí)現(xiàn)某事tobidfairtodosth.徒然希望或指望某事物towhistleforsth.(口)抱幻想/夢(mèng)想tobuildcastlesintheair/inSpain抱成功的希望tofosterhopesforsuccess碰碰運(yùn)氣看/試試看tochanceittostandone'schancetotakeone'schance沒(méi)有任何希望tohavenochancewhatever;tohaveasmuchchanceasasnowflakeinhell;nothave(even)acat's/adog'schance;nothavetheghostofachance/aghostofashow(美);tobebeyond/pasthope有…的希望tostandachanceof...;torunthechanceof...;togivepromiseof...期望…onthechanceof/that…;inexpectationthat...;withtheexpectationthat...抱著一線希望做某事todosth.ontheoffchance;tobeonthe(off)chanceofdoingsth.不指望…tokisssth.goodbye/tokissgoodbyetosth.(俚)有升遷的希望tobeontheclimb再次燃起希望之火torekindlehope在不如意時(shí)不失望tomakethebestofthematter/things在預(yù)料之中tobeinprospect不負(fù)所望；履行諾言；說(shuō)到做到todeliverontodelivergoodstofulfiltheexpectation希望化為泡影one'shopesturntodustandashesone'shopeflies/goesoutofthewindow使希望破滅toquenchone'shope對(duì)某人/某事物絕望todespairofsb./sth.在某人心目中已沒(méi)任何希望tobethedespairofsb.使某人失望todisappointsb.'shope;Todash/shattersb.'shopes對(duì)某人/某事失望tobedisappointedinsb./sth.;tobedisillusionedwithsb./sth.對(duì)取得成功所抱有的并非捕風(fēng)捉影的希望reasonableexpectationsofsuccess希望落空thebreakupofone'shope(s)想當(dāng)作家/演員等而未能如愿tobeawriter/anactoretc.manque某人沒(méi)希望了/完蛋了tobealldaywithsb.使某人抱不切實(shí)際的希望togivesb.ideas使希望破滅的事acoolingcard毫無(wú)希望/不可救藥tobepastprayingfor只會(huì)悲觀失望toabandononeself/togiveoneselfuptodespair使人陷入失望todrivesb.todespair從來(lái)不讓同事感到失望neverletthesidedown沒(méi)指望了/完蛋了tobeupthespout(口)使某人對(duì)某事失望tosoursb.onsth.絕望/斷念toyieldto/givewaytodespair陷入絕望tofallintodespairtobeovercomebydespair對(duì)…越來(lái)越強(qiáng)烈的失望one'sgrowingdisillusionmentwith...給某人的生活帶來(lái)希望或快樂(lè)的人或物arayofsunshine（三）情景譯例精選我們希望爭(zhēng)端能早日解決。Wearehopingforthedisputetobesettledsoon.我們真誠(chéng)地希望不久能為貴方服務(wù)。Itisoursincerewishthatwewillhavetheprivilegeofservingyousoon.大家都指望從他那里獲得關(guān)于會(huì)議的內(nèi)幕消息。Everybodyreliesonhimforinsidedopeontheconference.她活著的希望不大。Thereisnotmuchhopethatshe'salive/notmuchhopeofherbeingalive.我期望得到各位代表的真誠(chéng)合作與支持。Iappealtoeveryonepresentforyourcordialcooperationandsupport.他們期望從每天的報(bào)紙中得到的是娛樂(lè)，而不是信息。Whattheyexpectfromtheirdailynewspaperisentertainment,notinformation.不要期望過(guò)高。Donotraiseyourhopestoohigh./Donotpitchyourhopeshigh.有些老師對(duì)自己的學(xué)生期望過(guò)高。Someteachersexpecttoomuchoftheirpupils.別指望她來(lái)。Don'tcountonhertocome.報(bào)紙不再指望這些訂戶為主要收入來(lái)源。Thenewspapernolongerlookedtothesesubscribersasthemainsourceofrevenue.許多廠商不得不指望用物質(zhì)刺激來(lái)提高生產(chǎn)率。Manymanufacturershavetolooktomaterialincentivestoincreaseproductivity.我希望聽取諸位的意見和建議。I'dliketohaveyourcommentsandsuggestions.本人離職主要是因?yàn)橄Ｍc家人在一起。Ileftthepositionwiththedesireoflivingtogetherwithmyfamily.希望能消除一種可能的誤解。Itisdesirabletoremoveonepossiblecauseofmisapprehension.本人想使所學(xué)專業(yè)知識(shí)有用武之地，故而希望離職。Iamdesirousofleavingtheemploymentinordertomakemyspecialistknowledgeavailable.超導(dǎo)現(xiàn)象的發(fā)現(xiàn)，使人們有希望最終把這一現(xiàn)象應(yīng)用于許多實(shí)際用途。Thediscoveryofsuperconductivitygavebirthtohopesthatthisphenomenonmighteventuallybeputtomanypracticaluses.我們?nèi)f分高興地期待他們的到來(lái)。Weanticipatetheirarrivalwithmuchpleasure.別讓她空抱希望吧——你知道躋身影界有多么難啊。Don'tgiveherideas——youknowhowdifficultitistogetintofilms.這是一個(gè)大有希望的科研項(xiàng)目。Thisisaresearchitemthatpromiseswell/isofgreat(high)promise.西部大開發(fā)將很有希望。ThedevelopmentofwestChinawillgive/afford/showgreat(high)promise.我們滿懷希望地努力工作，心里想著也許會(huì)先完工。Weworkedhopefully,energeticallythinkingthatwemightfinishfirst.他直到死時(shí)，仍然在期待著。Heremainsananticipanttotheend.老一輩總是喜歡有希望的年輕人。Theeldersalwayslikeyounghopefuls.陳文凱志向不凡，是一個(gè)相當(dāng)有希望的學(xué)生。ChenWenkai,whoisontosomethingbig,isquiteahopeful/promisingstudent.他晉升的希望突然破滅了。Bangwenthishopesofpromotion.我希望他讀書有更大的進(jìn)步。Ibargainedforbetterprogressinhisstudies.興建新醫(yī)院的計(jì)劃有希望實(shí)現(xiàn)。Theplanforanewhospitalbidsfairtosucceed.汽車損壞嚴(yán)重，已經(jīng)到了無(wú)望修復(fù)的地步。Thecarwasdamagedbeyondhopeofrepair.那次嚴(yán)重的事故使他的希望全部落空。Thatseriousaccidentbilkedhishopes.她大有希望/沒(méi)有希望/沒(méi)有什么希望/只有一線希望獲勝。Shehasagoodchance/nochance/notmuchchance/onlyaslimchanceofwinning(onlyafaintchanceofwinning).我們對(duì)未來(lái)懷著無(wú)限的希望。Wearehopefulaboutthefuture.他抱定最后的希望，決不灰心。Heclungtothelasthope.希望這些主動(dòng)的行動(dòng)能促進(jìn)交流。Wearedesirousthattheseinitiativesshouldleadtofurtherexchanges.他們希望得到更多的教育和更好的工作條件。Theydesiremoreeducationandbetterworkingconditions.他們不抱比賽得勝的希望。Theydespairedofwinningthegame.這是我所衷心希望的。Itisdevoutlytobewished.他草率的表演使他的崇拜者大為失望。Hedisillusionedhisfansbyhissloppyplay.盡管有這些不足之處，太陽(yáng)能的前途還是大有希望的。Despitethesedrawbacks,therearegreathopesforthefutureofsolarpower.他父母對(duì)他不抱什么希望了。Hisparentshavegivenhimupasabadjob.他年輕時(shí)曾有過(guò)崇高的理想，但漸漸地他的全部希望都破滅了。Hehadhighidealsinhisyouthbutgraduallythewholeedificecrumbled.我們每個(gè)人都有自己的希望。Eachofuscamewithhisownexpectancies.我本想八月份去廣州做生意，但天意難遂我愿。IwantedtogotoGuangzhoutodobusinessinOctober,butfatedecidedotherwise.展望未來(lái)，中國(guó)西部大開發(fā)大有希望。ForesighttellsusthatChinahasabrightfutureindevelopingitswesternregions.乘劃艇去救他們，希望不大。Goingtotheirrescueinarowing-boatisabitofafor