EdgarAllanPoe

愛倫·坡

(1809—1849)

杜亞芳

Apoet,shortstorywriter,

andliterarycriticPoe’smother

EdgarAllanPoe（1809—1849）埃德加.愛倫.坡PartI.LifeExperiencePartII.MajorWorksPartIII.LiteraryPosition

PartIV.AppreciationPartV.CommentsonPoe

Thisdaguerreotype（photo）

ofPoewastakenin1848whenhewas39,ayearbeforehisdeathPartI.LifeExperienceAmiserablechildhood:borninBoston,bothparentsdiedwithintwoyearsafterhisbirth,takenintothehomeofJohnAllaninVirginia（弗吉尼亞州）,hadanunhappyrelationshipwithhisfosterfatherAnunhappyyouth:at17wenttotheUniversityofVirginiabutdidnotfinish,anappointmenttoWestPointbutwasdismissed（fired）lessthanayearlaterAstrugglinglife:in1833,becameaneditorofSouthernLiteraryMessengerinRichmond,lostthepositionbecauseofexcessivedrinkingandaninabilitytomeetdeadlines,managedtoregainthejobin1835,at27,marriedhis13year-oldcousin,VirginiaClemm,driftedforseveralyearsaseditorsindifferentmagazinesbutremainedpoorallhislifeAbitterandmysteriousdeath:in1847,wifediedof

tuberculosis（肺結核）,in1849,diedinmysteriouscircumstances

PartII.Poe’sMajorWorksA:PoetryB:ShortstoriesC:LiterarytheoryD:onefull-lengthnovel:

TheNarrativeofArthurGordonPym

(1838)

《亞瑟.戈登.皮姆的故事》A:poetry1

TheRaven(1844)《烏鴉》2

AnnabelLee《安娜貝爾麗》3

TheSleeper

《睡美人》4

ADreamWithinaDream

《夢中夢》5

Israfel

《伊斯拉菲爾》6

TheBells

《鐘》7

Sonnet–ToScience《十四行詩--致科學》8

ToHelen《獻給海倫》9

TheCityintheSea

《海中的城市》madePoefamousasapoet

symbolofhisdarkdoubtsandfrustratedlonging“Nevermore”永不再B:Shortstories1

MS.FoundinaBottle(1833)《瓶中手稿》2TalesoftheGrotesqueandtheArabesque(1839)《荒誕奇異的故事》3TheMurdersintheRueMorgue(1841)《毛格街血案》4

TheFalloftheHouseofUsher《厄舍古屋的倒塌》5TheCaskofAmontillado《一桶白葡萄酒》6Ligeia《麗姬亞》7ThePurloinedLetter《竊信案》8TheManoftheCrowd《人群中的人》9TheTell-TaleHeart《泄密的心》10WilliamWilson《威廉.威爾遜》11

BlackCat《黑貓》12TheImpofthePerverse《變態的小鬼》13

TheGoldBug《金甲蟲》14TheMysteryofMarieRoger《瑪麗.羅熱疑案》15TheMasqueoftheRedDeath《紅色死亡的化妝舞會》厄舍古廈的陷落C:Literarytheory

ThePoeticPrinciple<詩歌原理>ThePhilosophyofComposition

<創作哲學>ReviewofTwice-ToldTales

評霍桑的<故事重述>PartIII.Poe’sliterarypositionForerunnerofwesterndecadentliteratureForerunnerofaestheticliteratureExplorerofabnormalpsychologyFatherofpsychoanalyticcriticismPath-breakerofAmericandetectivenovelFatherofmodernshortstoryPartIV.AppreciationPoetryShortstoriesLiterarytheoryPoe’stheoryfor

poetry

poemsshortbutachievemaximumeffectproduceafeelingofbeautyinthereader"pure“,nottomoralizeHestressesrhythminsistsonaneven(規則的)metricalflow真實能夠滿足人的理智,感情能夠滿足人的心靈,而美則能激動人的靈魂

ShortStory

Features

Gothicelements

Grimsetting

*Landscapesareoftenreflectionsofcharacter’smind.*Unusualbuildings,extremesofnature,eccentricworksofart*VeryfewofhisstoriestakeplaceinAmerica;mosttakeplaceinEuropeorNever-never-land.deepanalysisofhumanpsychologyprecursor（forerunner）ofdetectivestoriesandsciencestoriesstyle:ordinary,traditional(Traditional,butnoteasytoread)language:mannerismSample:TheFalloftheHouseofUsherPoe’sliterarycontributionAestheticismPrincipleofbeautyPrincipleofunityandconcentration；shortCarefulchoiceofdictionfordesiredeffect(themusicaleffectofwordsthemselves)Negligence（oversight）ofso-calledtruthandsocial,politicalandmoralsuggestions“Purepoetry”or“pureart”Unityofeffectandatmosphere;contentinserviceofartisticeffectThemesinPoe’sworks

Death—predominantthemeinPoe’swriting

“Poeisnotinterestedinanythingalive.EverythinginPoe’swritingsisdead.”Horror；Hiddenevil:Unspeakable,mysteriouscrimes,includingincestandparricideManiacalLaughter（crazy）ThediscoveredmanuscriptgivesresponsibilitytosomeoneelseDeformity（畸形）thegroteque--peoplewhodon’tlookrightarecapableofactivitybeyondthenormNegativethoughtsofscienceScience’scrimeofdestroyingthesebeautifulmythsismadealltheworsebythepoem’sharshlanguage.Thevulturehasnotjustnudgedthemythicalfiguresoutofthepicture,buthas“draggedDianafromhercar”and“torntheNaiadfromherflood.”【希臘神話】林木女神【希臘、羅馬神話】那伊阿得(掌管河、泉的水澤女神)月亮女神PartV.CommentsonPoeEmersondismissedhiminthreewords“thejingleman”(打油詩人)，MarkTwaindeclaredhisprosetobeunreadable.AndWhitmanwastheonlyfamousliteraryfigurepresentatthePoeMemorialCeremonyin1875.NotacceptedbeforeFrenchsymbolistslikeCharlesPierreBaudelaire(1821-1867)andMallarmé.*Hisinfluenceisworld-wideinliterature

ArthurConanDoyle

Frenchsymbolists

BritishAestheticism

“ArtforArt’sSake”

T.SEliot,WilliamFaulkner*Poeremainsoneofthiscountry'sfines