病毒的基本性狀Basiccharacteristicsofviruses主講老師：王利沙WeifangNursingVocationalCollege濰坊護理職業學院病毒與人類關系密切Viruseshaveacloserelationship

withhuman臨床傳染病約80%由病毒引起有些病毒傳染性強、危害性大，可引起世界大流行關系病毒與人類關系密切Viruseshaveacloserelationship

withhuman臨床傳染病約80%由病毒引起

About80%ofclinicalinfectious

diseasesarecausedbyviruses.有些病毒傳染性強、危害性大，可引起世界大流行Somevirusesarehighlycontagiousandharmful,andcancauseaglobalpandemic.有些病毒病情嚴重，病死率高Someviruseshaveseveresymptomsandhighmortalityrates.目前無特效藥物Currently,therearenospecificdrugsavailable.關系病毒與人類關系密切Viruseshaveacloserelationship

withhuman個體微小

Individualistiny結構簡單

Simplestructure只含一類核酸（DNA/RNA）Containonlyonetypeofnucleicacid(DNA/RNA)活的易感細胞Livingsusceptiblecells病毒非細胞型微生物復制方式增殖Proliferationthroughreplication01病毒的大小及形態Thesizeandmorphologyofthevirus病毒的大小及形態Thesizeandmorphologyofthevirus病毒的大小

Thesizeofthevirus最大：300nm

Maximum:300nm最小：20nm

Minimum:20nm個體微小

Individualistiny以納米（nm）為測量單位

Measuredinnanometers(nm)電子顯微鏡

electronmicroscope病毒的大小及形態Thesizeandmorphologyofthevirus病毒的形態

Themorphologyofthevirus形態多樣

Diverseforms主要為球形、桿狀、磚形、蝌蚪形及長絲狀等

Mainlyspherical,rod-shaped,brickshaped,tadpoleshapedandfilamentous,etc引起人或動物疾病的病毒多數為球形

Mostvirusesthatcausediseasesinhumansor

animalsaresphericalinshape02病毒的結構和化學組成Thestructureandchemicalcompositionofviruses病毒的結構和化學組成Thestructureandchemicalcompositionofviruses基本結構有核心和衣殼,稱為核衣殼，有些病毒還有包膜。Thebasicstructureconsistsofacoreandacapsid,knownasanucleocapsid，andsomevirusesalsohaveanenvelope.包膜病毒和裸露病毒

Envelopedvirusandnakedvirus病毒的結構和化學組成Thestructureandchemicalcompositionofviruses核心

Core單一核酸：DNA/RNA

Singlenucleicacid:DNA/RNA決定病毒遺傳、變異、增殖、感染等，是生命活動的物質基礎。Theinheritance,mutation,proliferation,

andinfectionofvirusesarethematerialbasisof

lifeactivities.病毒的結構和化學組成Thestructureandchemicalcompositionofviruses衣殼

Clothingshell蛋白質外殼

Proteinshell三種形式：螺旋對稱型、二十面體對稱型、復合對稱型。

Threeforms:spiralsymmetry,icosahedral

symmetry,andcompositesymmetry.功能：保護病毒核酸、參與感染過程等。Function:Protectvirusnucleicacid,participateintheinfectionprocess,etc.

病毒的結構和化學組成Thestructureandchemicalcompositionofviruses包膜

Capsule膜狀結構，脂類+蛋白質+糖

Membranelikestructure,consistingoflipids,

proteins,andsugars刺突

Spikeprocess功能：維持結構完整性及保護；參與感染；與病毒的分型、致病性等有關。Function:Maintain