被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)ThePassiveVoice肇州一中杜永紅

Module2Greatbooks

語(yǔ)法聚焦被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

Tom

broke

thewindow.

(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))①

②

③

Thewindow

wasbroken

byTom.

(被動(dòng))③

②

①一.英語(yǔ)句子的動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài):主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示句子的主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者/執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示句子的主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者。

從以上兩個(gè)句子可以看出，主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)Tom在被動(dòng)句中變成了介詞by

的賓語(yǔ)Tom,主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)thewindow變成了被動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)。由于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中的主語(yǔ)就是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中的賓語(yǔ)，因此，只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。二：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞be

+

vt.p.p.ManypeopleEnglishspeakEnglish.isspokenbymanypeople.

They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)Shoes

aremade

bytheminthatfactory.1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

is/am/are+過(guò)去分詞TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesherhomeworkintheevening.

Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.HerhomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadebyusinBeijing.

They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought

bythemlastterm.(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

was/were+過(guò)去分詞Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlesisteryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedthisroomforresting.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlesisterwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.

They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished

bythem

intendays.(3)一般將來(lái)時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

willbe+過(guò)去分詞

is/am/aregoingtobe+過(guò)去分詞Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Theheadmasterisgoingtogiveatalkthisafternoon.Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschoolyardtomorrow.Atalkisgoingtobegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.(4)進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

am/is/are+being+過(guò)去分詞

was/were+being+過(guò)去分詞

Someworkers

arepainting

therooms．Therooms

arebeingpainted

bysomeworkers.Iammakingamodelplane.Heiswashingthecaratthemoment.Theywerecleaningtheclassroomthen.Wewerevisitingamuseumjustnow.Amodelplaneisbeingmade

byme.Thecarisbeingwashed

byhimatthemoment.

Theclassroomwasbeingcleanedby

themthen.

Amuseumwasbeingvisited

byusjustnow.(5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

have/has+been+過(guò)去分詞

We

havemade

aperfectplan．

Aperfectplan

hasbeenmade

byus.Ihavealreadyfinishedthework.Hehasn’tworkedouttheproblemsyet.Theyhavebuilttwobuildingssofar.Theworkhasalreadybeenfinished

byme.Theproblemshaven’tbeenworkedout

byhimyet

Twobuildingshavebeenbuiltby

themsofar.

Amy

cantakegoodcareof

Gina

．Gina

canbetakengoodcareof

byAmy.(6)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

+be+過(guò)去分詞1.Hecantake

careofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturn

offthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.

Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.

Thepicturesmaybedrawn

byLucy.Thelightsmustbeturnedoff

byyou.Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(1)不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

to+be+過(guò)去分詞eg:I’mverygladtobeinvited.

受到邀請(qǐng)我非常高興。(2)動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

being+過(guò)去分詞eg:Nobodylikesbeinglaughed

atinpublic.

沒(méi)有人愿意在公共場(chǎng)合被嘲笑。

Thebridgebeingbuiltnowwillbecompletedinthreemonths.

現(xiàn)在正在被建的那座橋?qū)⒃谌齻€(gè)月之后完工。三.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法

及注意事項(xiàng)(1)當(dāng)我們不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。(2)當(dāng)沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。(3)當(dāng)只需強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者或動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者

是一般大眾時(shí)。1.何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)？被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)何時(shí)省略“by+賓語(yǔ)”？eg:Manypeoplearekilledintrafficaccidents

everyyear.

每年很多人死于交通事故。

OurclassmeetingwillbeheldonMonday.

我們的班會(huì)將在周一舉行。

Treesshouldbeplantedeveryyear.

每年都應(yīng)該栽樹(shù)。2.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)口訣：賓語(yǔ)提前主語(yǔ)變，原主變賓by后見(jiàn)，時(shí)態(tài)人稱be關(guān)鍵。

3.帶雙賓語(yǔ)(直賓指物，間賓指人)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種改法。當(dāng)把直接賓語(yǔ))(sth)改成主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后必須加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~to/for(sb)。例如：give,pass,

show,teach,send,lend,

tell等常用to;buy,

find,make,get常用for;sing,read,write用to/for都可以。eg:主動(dòng):Wegavehimsomebooks.Wegavesomebookstohim.

被動(dòng):Hewasgivensomebooksbyus.Somebooksweregiventohimbyus.4.一些動(dòng)詞不定式在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中省略to作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，to必須還原。如:使讓動(dòng)詞let/have/makesb.dosth.

感官動(dòng)詞feel/hear/listen

to/see/watch/

notice/observe/smell/findsb.dosth.eg:主動(dòng):Thebossmadehimwork.

被動(dòng):Hewasmade

toworkbytheboss.

主動(dòng):Somebodysawhergointotheshop.

被動(dòng):Shewasseen

togointotheshop.

5.不及物動(dòng)詞和半系詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

eg:Atrafficaccidenthappenedtohim

yesterday.

昨天他發(fā)生了一起交通事故。

Suddenlyastrangemanappearedin

frontofthewindow.

突然一個(gè)陌生人出現(xiàn)在窗前。

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.

這種布料摸上去很柔軟。

Helooksveryworried.

他看起來(lái)很著急。6.不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞=及物動(dòng)詞，可以用于

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但是當(dāng)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的介詞后面

賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不及物動(dòng)

詞后面的介詞不能省略。

eg:WearelisteningtotheEnglish

teachernow.

TheEnglishteacherisbeinglistened

tobyusnow.

7.有些及物動(dòng)詞如sell,wash,open,read

等，在表示主語(yǔ)(多為某物)的某種性質(zhì)而非人為的原因時(shí)用作不及物動(dòng)詞，因而不用作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

Thebooksellswell.(這本書(shū)銷路很好)Thedoorwillnotopen.(這扇門(mén)就是打不開(kāi))。

Thiscoatwasheseasily.(這件衣服較好洗)Thesignreadsasfollows.(這牌子告示如下)8.need,want,

beworth,

demand(要求),require(需要),等后用動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)。eg:Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thefilmisworthseeing.注意：need后可接動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)，又可接動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。eg:Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thedeskneedstoberepaired.9.漢語(yǔ)中含有“據(jù)說(shuō)”、“據(jù)悉”、“有人說(shuō)”、“大家說(shuō)”等特殊句型的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：

據(jù)說(shuō)……Itissaidthat…據(jù)報(bào)道……Itisreportedthat…眾所周知……Itiswellknownthat…據(jù)認(rèn)為……Itisbelievedthat…據(jù)猜測(cè)……Itisguessedthat…據(jù)推測(cè)說(shuō)……Itissupposedthat…據(jù)希望……Itishopedthat…Practisemakesperfect熟能生巧1.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust__dirtythingsintoit.

AbestoppedtothrowBbestoppedfromthrowingCstoptothrowDstopfromthrowing

2.Thisbook__often__fromthelibraryA

aren’ttakeawayBtakenawayCisn’ttakenawayDbetakenaway3.He_________(tell)toreturnhisbookstothelibraryyesterday.wastold4.Anotherman-madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek.(變主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

Theysentupanotherman-madesatelliteintospacelastweek.5.Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear.Trees_______________bypeopletherelastyear.6.Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm.Thevegetables___________onthefarm.Twereplanted

aregrown7.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives_______forcuttingthings.8.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom__________twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned9.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.___________________onthefloor.10.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She________toreturnthebookintime.11.Heboughtmeapresent.I___________apresentbyhim.Apresent_________________byhim.Theticketwasfoundwastoldwasboughtwasboughtforme12.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He__________________onlytwomealsaday.13.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________tohelpthem.14.WecallhimPeter.He_________Peterbyus.wasmadetohavecanbeused

iscalled14.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?______________________byyouatthistimelasttime?15.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_____ourwork__________today?16.Ihavetotakecareofmymother.Mymother___________________byme.WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinishedhastobetakencareof17.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_______________.weweregivenweregiventous18.ThestudentsstudyGermaninthisschool.German_________bythestudentsinthisschool.19.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?__thisquestionoften______about________?isstudiedIstalkedbythem20.(1)Teenagersshould___________(notallow)togooutatnight.(2)Thetelephone__________(invent)byBell.(3)English_______(speak)inChina.(4)Thecar_______(make)inChina.(5)Theroommust_________(clean)everyday.notbeallowedwasinventedisspoken

ismadebecleaned將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：1.TheymakeTVsetsinthatfactory.2.TheygrowthebestcottoninNorthwestChina.3.TheyusethisroomforplayingPingpong.4.Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.

TVsets

aremadeinthatfactory

ThebestcottonisgrowninNorthwestChina.

ThisroomisusedforplayingPingpong.

ThetelephonewasinventedbyBellin1876.單項(xiàng)選擇:()Ifthework__,youcangoandplaygames. A. finishes B.hasfinished C.willbefinished D.isfinishedD2.()Itwasraining heavilyoutside,the childrenweremade __intheclassroom.

A.stayB.tostayC.stayingD.stayedB3.()Theletter______beforehermothercameintoherbedroom.hasbeenwrittenwaswrittenhadbeenwritteniswritingC4.()Tomakeourcity morebeautiful,rub- bish__intotheriver.A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrowB5.()Ilikemybike.It __verywell.A.ridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasriddenA6.()—Iwon’tcometo thepartyunlessTom _____,too.—YoumeanifTom comes,you’llcome.A.willbeinvitedB.invitesC.