Unit1Urbandevelopment讀寫教程4Cityplansmustfitthepeople,nottheotherwayround!—JaneJacobs(American-Canadianurbanologistandwriter)ReadingskillsTextstudyLanguagefocus新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Q:Whatpreviewingstrategiesdoyouusewhenreading?Readthefollowingparagraphsandanswerthequestions.Previewing

isausefulandimportantreadingstrategy.Previewingatextbeforeyoureaditcarefullywillhelpyourecognizehowinformationisorganized,identifymainideas,andpredictwhatliesaheadinthetext.SkilllearningActivity

1新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Readingskills新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Q:Whatarethekeyelementsthatareadershouldfocusonwhenskimmingatext?Readthefollowingparagraphsandanswerthequestions.Skimmingisamethodofrapidlymovingtheeyesoveratextwiththepurposeofgettingageneralideaofit.Skimmingrequiresthereadertofocusonthetopic,themainidea,orthemainpoints.Goodskimmersreadselectively,completelyskippingoversomesentences,paragraphs,orevenwholepages.SkilllearningActivity

1新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Readingskills新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Readingskills1.Thetitleofanarticleisnotimportantwhenskimming.()2.Theintroductoryparagraphprovidesbackgroundinformationandsetsthestagefortherestofthearticle.()3.Sub-headingsarenotusefulwhenskimmingbecausetheydonotcontainanyimportantinformation.()4.Themainideaofabodyparagraphisusuallyfoundinthemiddleoftheparagraph.()5.Whenskimming,itisimportanttoreadtheentirebodyofthetextindetail.()FTFFFReadthestatementsofskimminganddecidewhetherthestatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).SkilllearningActivity

2新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Pleaselistthekeystepsofskimming.1.Readthetitle–itistheshortestpossiblesummaryofthecontent.2.Readtheintroductoryorlead-inparagraph(s).3.Readanysub-headings,andidentifytherelationshipsbetweenthem.4.Readthefirstsentenceofeachbodyparagraph;themainideaofmostbodyparagraphsoftenappearsinthefirstsentence.5.Alternatelyreadand“float”overthebodyofthetext,lookingforthefollowing:Cluesaboutwho,what,when,where,howmany,

andhowmuch;Connectivewordsandphrasessuchasfurthermore,also,however,

andonthecontrary.6.Readtheconcludingparagraph(s).SkilllearningActivity

3新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Readingskills新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Q1:Whatisthetextmainlyabout?SkimTextBtofindanswerstothefollowingquestions.Thistextismainlyaboutthetrendofdeurbanization/thetrendofmovingawayfromcities.ApplyingyourskillsActivity

新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Readingskills新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Q2:Whatisthemainfactorthattriggersdeurbanizationaccordingtotheauthor?SkimTextBtofindanswerstothefollowingquestions.Themainfactorthattriggersdeurbanizationistechnologicaldevelopment.Thespecificareasoftechnologydiscussedinthetextincludedecentralizedsupplysystems,digitaltechnology,andautomationandrobotics.ApplyingyourskillsActivity

新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Readingskills新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Q3:Whichparagraphsofthetextfocusonthedisadvantagesoflivingincities?SkimTextBtofindanswerstothefollowingquestions.Paras.8-10focusonthedisadvantagesoflivingincities.Theauthormentionsanumberofdownsidesofcitiessuchasthehecticpaceoflife,constraintsonhouseholdorrentexpenditure,theformationofheatislands,andpotentialproblemscausedbytheshrinkingofcities(e.g.economicdifficultiesanddecliningincomes).ApplyingyourskillsActivity

新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4ReadingskillsEmbracethetrendofdeurbanization新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Textstudy新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4TextstudyLead-inactivitiesQ1:Whatisthevideomainlytalkingabout?Q2:Whatledtourbanization?Watchthevideoclipandanswerthefollowingquestions.Activity1新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4TextstudyLead-inactivitiesQ1:Whatisthevideomainlytalkingabout?vReferenceThisvideomainlyexplainshowwereachedsuchahighdegreeofurbanization.Watchthevideoclipandanswerthefollowingquestions.Activity1新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4TextstudyLead-inactivitiesQ2:Whatledtourbanization?vReferenceThedevelopmentofagriculturaltechniques,suchasirrigationandsoiltilting;Thepossibilityofcommerceandinteractionoverlongerdistances;Laborshortageinbigcities;Newtechnologiesdeployedonamassscale;…Watchthevideoclipandanswerthefollowingquestions.Activity1Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestion.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Activity2新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4TextstudyLead-inactivitiesQ:Doyouthinkthetrendofurbanizationwillcontinueintheyearstocome?vReferenceYes.Drivenbythepursuitofeconomicopportunities,betterlifestyles,andhigherproductivityandefficiency,manypeoplewillworkhardtoearntheirlivinginbigcities.Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestion.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Activity2新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Q:Doyouthinkthetrendofurbanizationwillcontinueintheyearstocome?TextstudyLead-inactivitiesvReferenceNo.Ithinktherapidurbanizationprocesstriggerssignificantproblemsandchallenges,suchasurbansprawl,poverty,unemployment,housingaffordabilityissues,andenvironmentaldegradation.Thesechallengesmightslowdownthepaceofurbanizationorevenreverseitinsomeareas.

Skimthetextagainandsummarizethemainideaofthepassagebyfillingintheblanks.

新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Activity1Thistextisatypical_____________(writingstyle)essaythatdiscussesanewtrendinurbandevelopment.

Accordingtotheauthor,________________willenablepeopletoliveawayfromcities,bringaboutdecentralizedalternativestooursupplysystem,andmake______________theprospectofthefuture.

新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4newtechnologiesargumentativeTextstudyGlobalunderstandingdeurbanization新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2Skimthetextandworkoutthestructureofthepassage.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程3新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Activity2TextstudyGlobalunderstanding新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2IntroductionNecessityofdeurbanizationPara.1BodyInfluenceofnewtechnologiesParas.2-10新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DisadvantagesoflivingincitiesConclusionParas.11-12EmbracingthetrendofdeurbanizationPotentialproblemscausedbytheshrinkingofcitiesTextstudyGlobalunderstanding

ReadPara.1andanswerthefollowingquestions.Q1:Whydoestheauthorassumethatthenextfinancialcrisiswillfocusoncities?

新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Detailedunderstanding:Para.1ActivityvReferenceBecausewemaysoonseetheendofurbanization.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Textstudy

ReadPara.1andanswerthefollowingquestions.Q2:Whatarethedrivingforcesfordeurbanization?

新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Detailedunderstanding:Para.1ActivityvReferenceNewtechnologies.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Textstudy

ReadPara.1andanswerthefollowingquestions.Q3:Whatisthemainideaofthispart?

新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Detailedunderstanding:Para.1ActivityvReferenceDeurbanizationisunavoidable.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Textstudy

ReadPara.2andanswerthefollowingquestion.Q:Whatarethebenefitsofproximitybroughtbyurbanization?

新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Detailedunderstanding:Para.2Activity1vReferencereducingcommutingtimeandexpenses;enlargingthesalesmarket;offeringjobandeducationopportunities;allowingthecostofinfrastructurestobeshared.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Textstudy

ReadthelastsentenceofPara.2andanalyzewhatfigurativelanguageisusedandwhat’sthepurpose.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Detailedunderstanding:Para.2Activity2v新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4TextstudyReferenceThesentenceusesmetaphortodescribecities.Bycomparingcitiestomagnets,itemphasizestheirstrongattractingpowerforwealth,money,services,opportunities,andpeople.Asaresult,citiesbecomemagnets

forwealth,money,services,opportunities,andpeople.

ReadPara.3andanswerthefollowingquestions.Q1:Willpeoplecontinuetoliveincitiesaccordingtotheauthor?Why?

新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Detailedunderstanding:Paras.3-5Activity1vReferenceNo,becauseoftheFourthIndustrialRevolution,whichismarkedbyemergingtechnologybreakthroughsinanumberoffields.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Textstudy

ReadPara.3andanswerthefollowingquestions.Q2:WhataretheemergingtechnologybreakthroughsintheFourthIndustrialRevolution?

新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Detailedunderstanding:Paras.3-5Activity1vReferenceThesebreakthroughsincluderobotics,artificialintelligence,nanotechnology,biotechnology,theInternetofThings,autonomousvehiclesandothers.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Textstudy

ReadPara.4andchoosethebestanswer.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Detailedunderstanding:Paras.3-5Activity2新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4vQ:AccordingtoPara.4,howwillthedevelopmentofnewtechnologiesaffectcities?AItwillreducetheadvantagesofcities.BItwillweakentheneedfortransportation.CItwilldisruptthedecentralizedsupplysystem.DItwillslowdowntheautomationofindustries.Textstudy

Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestion.Q:Doyouagreewiththeauthorthattechnologicaladvanceswillreducetheadvantagesoflivingincities?Whyorwhynot?

新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Detailedunderstanding:Paras.3-5Activity3新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Textstudy新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Detailedunderstanding:Paras.3-5新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4vReferenceYes.Itotallyagreewiththeauthor.Technologicaladvancesenabletheriseofremotework.Peopledon’tneedtoworkincitieswithaninternetconnection.Technologicalprogressmightattractpeopleseekingamoreeco-friendlylifestyleawayfromtraditionalcitycenters.Peoplecanmaintainsocialconnectionswithoutlivingindenselypopulatedurbanareaswiththeriseofsocialmediaandvirtualcommunicationplatforms.…Textstudy新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Detailedunderstanding:Paras.3-5新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4vReferenceNo.Idon’tagreewiththeauthor.Technologicaladvancescanmakecitiesmoreconnectedandaccessible,whichhelpsattractmorepeople.createnewindustriesandjobopportunitieswithincities,attractingaskilledworkforceandfosteringeconomicgrowth.improvetheculturalandeducationalresourcesandfacilitiesthatoftenrequirephysicalpresenceforthefullexperience.…Textstudy

ReadPara.5andanswerthefollowingquestion.Q: Whataretheexamplesmentionedinthedevelopmentofdecentralizedsystemsfordailynecessities?新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Detailedunderstanding:Paras.3-5Activity4vReferenceExamplesincludetheharvestingofwaterfromtheairtocreatecleanwaterinsubstantialquantitiesanddecentralizedsewersystemsthatcanhandlewastewater.Additionally,electricitycannowbegeneratedusingsolarpanels,windturbines,andevenlivingplants.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Textstudy

ReadParas.3-5againandsummarizethemainideaofthispart.

新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Detailedunderstanding:Paras.3-5Activity5vReferenceThispartmainlytalksabouttheinfluenceofnewtechnologiesonourdailylife.Theywillreducethebenefitsofcities.

新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Textstudy

ReadPara.6andchoosethebestanswer.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Detailedunderstanding:Paras.6-7Activity1新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4vQ:Howdidmanyfamouspeoplethinkofdigitaltechnologyinthelate1990s?ATheydidnotbelievemobilephoneswouldbepopularsoon.BTheydidnotthinktheInternetofThingswouldbepossible.CTheywerecertainaboutthepositiveimpactofvirtualproximity.DTheywereconfidentaboutthebrightfutureof4Gand5Gtechnology.Textstudy

ReadPara.7andchoosethebestanswer.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Detailedunderstanding:Paras.6-7Activity2新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4vQ:Howwillautomationandrobotizationinfluencethejobsofurbanresidents?ATheywillpreventthecreationofnewjobs.BTheywillcausemanyresidentstolosejobs.CTheywillcreatemorejobsincities.DTheywillcreatemorewhite-collarjobs.Textstudy

Watchthevideoclipandanswerthequestions.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Detailedunderstanding:Paras.6-7Activity3新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Q1:Whatisautomation?Q2:Whataretheadvantagesbroughtbyautomation?Textstudy

Watchthevideoclipandanswerthequestions.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Detailedunderstanding:Paras.6-7Activity3新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Q1:Whatisautomation?

vReferenceAutomationistheuseoflargelyautomaticequipmentinasystemofmanufacturingorotherproductionprocess.Textstudy

Watchthevideoclipandanswerthequestions.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Detailedunderstanding:Paras.6-7Activity3新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Q2:Whataretheadvantagesbroughtbyautomation?vReferencesavingtimeandmoney;eliminatinghumanerrors;creatingmanyhigh-payingcareers.Textstudy

Read

Paras.8-10andanswerthefollowingquestion.Q:Whatarethedisadvantagesoflivingincities?新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Activity1vReferenceThedownsidesoflivingincitiesincludethehecticpaceoflife,constraintsonhouseholdorrentexpenditure,littleavailablespaceforpersonalrecreation,distress,theformationofheatislands,andpotentialproblemscausedbytheshrinkingofcities(e.g.economicdifficultiesanddecliningincomes).新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedunderstanding:Paras.8-10Textstudy

ReadPara.8againanddecidewhetherthestatementsareTrueorFalse.

新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Activity2新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedunderstanding:Paras.8-101.Thelifeofpeopleincitiesisbusyeverydayandtheyhavetodoeverythingquickly.2.Peopleincitiestendtohavelimitedfinancialabilitytopayforfamilyneedsortopayrent.3.Peopleincitiescaneasilyfindaspaceforpersonalleisureactivities.4.Feelingfinanciallyinsecurewillmakepeoplefeelcompelledtoworkharderandchangetheirsituation,resultinginevenbiggerproblems.TTF()()()TextstudyT()

ReadPara.9againandchoosethecorrectanswer.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Activity3新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedunderstanding:Paras.8-10Q:Whydoestheauthormention“heatislands”inPara.9?AToclarifytherealcauseofhealthproblemsinurbanareas.BTogiveanadditionalexampleofthedisadvantagesofcities.CTodemonstratetheimportanceofruralareastotheenvironment.DTosuggesttheneedtoreplaceconcreteandsteelwithotherbuildingmaterial.Textstudy

WorkinpairsanddiscusstheproblemsbroughttocitiesbyheatislandsbasedonPara.9.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Activity4新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedunderstanding:Paras.8-10vReferenceHeatislandscancausebigdecreasesinairandwaterquality,whichhasseriouseffectssinceitcausesvariousdiseases,illnesses,andallergies.Textstudy

ListentotherecordingofPara.10andfillintheblanks.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Activity5新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedunderstanding:Paras.8-10Thedepartureoflargeemployersfromanarea,unabletokeeptheirbusinessafloat,canputcitiesinan_________________.Thisstartsa_______circleinvolvingfallinghousingdemandandprices,alackofmoneyto_________properties,anddecliningtaxincomes,possiblyprovokinganew______________.Withautomationandartificialintelligenceleadingtolargejobreductionsinmanyindustries,wemayexpecttoseemore_________cities.viciouseconomicdilemmamaintainfinancialcrisisshrinkingTextstudyChoosethecorrectanswerbasedonPara.10.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Activity6新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedunderstanding:Paras.8-10Q:Whichofthefollowingisasignofshrinkingcities?AAutomationcreatesnewjobopportunitiesforurbanresidents.BHousingpricesareloweredbychangesinthegovernment’staxpolicy.CLargeemployersleavecitiesbecausetheycan’tmaintainoperation.DIndustriesexperiencedifficultiesingrowingduetolimitationsofland.Textstudy

Read

Para.11andanswerthefollowingquestion.Q:Whyisitunwisetocontinuemovingintocities?新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Activity1vReferenceTheinfluenceandvigoroflivingincitiesarediminishing.Peoplepayalotofmoneytoliveinclosequarterswithotherpeopleandcannotreapthebenefits.Thenegativeeffectsofurbanizationwillbecomemoreandmoreseriousovertime.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedunderstanding:Paras.11-12Textstudy

ReadPara.12andchoosethecorrectanswer.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Activity2新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedunderstanding:Paras.11-12Q:Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowarddeurbanization?AOpposing.BSkeptical.CNeutral.DWelcoming.Textstudy

ReadPara.12againandanswerthe

following

question.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Activity3新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedunderstanding:Paras.11-12Q:Whatdoestheauthorsuggestattheendofthepassage?Andwhy?TextstudyvReferenceTheauthorsuggestsayinggoodbyetothecenterofbigcitiesandwelcomingthetrendofdeurbanization.Becausecitiesareshrinkingandtheprospectsofthefuturewillnotbeincities,butsomewhereelse.

Workingroupstotranslatethebriefsummaryofthepassagebyusingtheexpressionsfromthetext.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Activity新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SummaryofthetextTextstudy新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Summaryofthetext

現在的新技術將會以某種方式削弱城市的優勢，所以逆城市化的時代就要來了。除去優勢之后城市生活就只剩下了它的劣勢，例如忙碌的生活節奏、家庭支出或租金支出的限制，以及很少的個人娛樂空間。城市會產生熱島效應，大大降低空氣和水的質量。各種疾病和過敏癥狀都會由此產生。一些大公司因無法維持業務而離開某個地區，就可能將城市置于經濟困境。由于自動化和人工智能導致許多行業就業機會大規模縮減，預期還會有更多城市走向萎縮。城市化的影響力和活力正在減弱。因此，逆城市化勢在必行。Textstudy新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Summaryofthetext

Nowadays,newtechnologieswill,inonewayoranother,reducethebenefitsofcities.So,it’stimefordeurbanization.Removingtheadvantagesofcity-livingleavesonlyitsdisadvantages,suchasthehecticpaceoflife,constraintsonhouseholdorrentexpenditure,andlittleavailablespaceforpersonalrecreation.Citiescanformurbanheatislands.Heatislandscansignificantlydecreaseairandwaterquality,sinceitbringsdiseases,ailments,andallergies.Textstudy新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SummaryofthetextThedepartureoflargeemployersfromanarea,unabletokeeptheirbusinessafloat,canputcitiesinaneconomicdilemma.Withautomationandartificialintelligenceleadingtolargejobreductionsinmanyindustries,wemayexpecttoseemoreshrinkingcities.Theleverageandvigorofcitiesarediminishing.Therefore,deurbanizationisimperative.Textstudy新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Languagefocus新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4thinkorguessthatsth.issmaller,cheaper,easier,etc.thanitreallyis[U](fml.)nearnessindistanceortimegraduallyreducesth.suchassb.’spowerorconfidence(fml.)usetheknowledgeandinformationyouhaveinordertounderstandsth.orformanopinionaboutit[C,U]moneyspentbyagovernment,organization,orpersonproximityunderestimateerodeexpenditurededuceMatchtheusefulwordsinthetextwiththeirmeanings.Activity1新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Languagefocus新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Activity2Fillintheblankswiththefollowingwordsandchangetheformwherenecessary.proximityunderestimateerodeexpenditurededuce1.Ithoughtaboutitforawhile,butstillcouldn’tfigureouthowtheyacquiredthatinformationandwhattheyhad

fromit.2.Itisverylikelythatsuchabigresearchprojectmayrequirethe

ofseveralmilliondollars.3.Hisimaginationofthatpositionwasgradually

ashebegantounderstanditsdailyduties.deducedexpenditureeroded新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Languagefocus新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Activity2Fillintheblankswiththefollowingwordsandchangetheformwherenecessary.proximityunderestimateerodeexpenditurededuce4.Whathomebuyerslikebestabouttheplacewheretheyaregoingtoliveisits

totheriver.5.Atfirst,traditionalretailerswerereluctanttosetuptheirownonlinestoresbecausethey

thepowerofInternetsales.proximityunderestimated告別；向…道別（使）經濟上周轉得開;（使）不欠債將要發生的；即將來臨的屬于（…的）邊緣的新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1onthehorizon

bidfarewelltokeep(sth./sb.)afloatonthefringe(s)(ofsth.)MatchthephraseswiththeirChinesemeanings.LanguagefocusActivity3新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1LanguagefocusActivity4新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4CompletethesentencesbytranslatingtheChineseexpressionsinbracketsintoEnglish.1.

(我近期不會有其他工作機會),soIacceptedthistemporaryposition.2.Weshouldmakegreatereffortstoextendtheeconomicdevelopmenttopeople

(社會邊緣人群).

Ididn’thaveanyotherjobonthehorizon

whoareonthefringeofsociety

新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程1LanguagefocusActivity4新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4CompletethesentencesbytranslatingtheChineseinbracketsintoEnglish.3.Hefacednumeroushurdlesand

(花了多年時間設法使公司維持經營).Fortunately,hisperseveranceandhardworkpaidoffintheend.4.Irealizedit