遼寧省2024屆高三下學期高考扣（一）英語試題姓名：__________班級：__________考號：__________題號一二三四五總分評分一、閱讀，第一節，閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。（共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀理解Gene-editedFoods:YesorNo?Gene-editedfoodscouldsoonbehittingsupermarketshelvesintheUKasthegovernmentannouncedplanstoallowgene-editedfoodstobesoldunlabeledinBritishsupermarkets,promotinganoutcryfromsomeconsumerswhoclaimthey"shouldbegivenachoice".GEfoodsareproducedusingthegene-editingtoolCRISPR,whicheditstheexistingDNAofaplantoranimal.Unlikegeneticallymodifiedfood,gene-editedfoodcontainsno"foreign"DNAfromotherspecies.Scientistsuseaspecializedproteintomaketinychangestotheorganism'sDNAthatcouldoccurnaturallyorthroughselectivebreeding.EnvironmentSecretaryGeorgeEusticeinsistedthatGEproductswouldnotneedtobeadvertisedassuchbecausetheyare"fundamentallynatural".However,ScotlandandWalesbothvowedtorejectthemove,andBritain'sbiggestsupermarketshavesofarrefusedtoconfirmiftheywillstockthefoods.Nowlet'stakeacloserlookatsomeoftheGEfoodsthatcouldbeonshelvesintheUKasearlyasnextyear.VitaminD-boostedtomatoesTomatoeshavebeengeneticallyengineeredtoproducemorevitaminD.Researchersclaimthatthe"super"fruitscouldhelpreducetheriskofdevelopingdiseasessuchascancer,Parkinson'sdiseaseanddementia(癡呆).Mushroomsthatdon'tgobrownAvarietyofwhitebuttonmushroomhasbeengeneticallyeditedsothatitdoesn'tgobrownwhensliced.TheresearchersusedCRISPRtoremoveasmallpieceofonegenethatcausesmushroombrowning.Thusitcanstayonsupermarketshelvesforlonger,reducingfoodwaste.BreadthatreducescancerriskfromburnttoastAcrylamide(丙烯酰胺),asubstancethatcancausecancer,iscreatedwhenbreadisbakedortoasted.Researchershaveeditedthegenome(基因組)ofwheattoreduceitsproductionofthecancer-causingchemical.ChickensresistanttobirdfluResearchershaveusedgene-editingtechniquestogrowchickencellsthatareunabletoreplicatethebirdfluvirusinalab.TheyeditedasectionofchickenDNAtomakeitresistanttothevirus.1．WhatcanbeknownaboutGEfoods?A．TheyedittheirownexistingDNA.B．TheyhaveforeignDNAfromotherspecies.C．Theyarecompletelyasnaturalasordinaryfoods.D．Theyareexactlythesameasgeneticallymodifiedfoods.2．What'stherightattitudetowardGEfoods?A．TheUKgovernmentsupportsGEfoods.B．GeorgeEusticeisagainstGEfoods.C．SomeconsumersobjecttoGEfoodsbeingsold.D．Britain'sbiggestsupermarketswelcomeGEfoods.3．AllofthefollowingcanhelpreducethediseaseEXCEPT____.A．vitaminD-boostedtomatoes'B．mushroomsthatdon'tgobrownC．breadthatreducescancerriskfromburnttoastD．chickensresistanttobirdflu閱讀理解Aschoolgirlhascreatedasolar-poweredbackpackthatfiltersoutairpollutionafterbeinginspiredbyherasthmatic(患哮喘病的)mother.EleanorWoods,12,fromHighBurton,Huddersfield,atowninWestYorkshire,northernEngland,enteredthe"BackpacktotheFuture"competitionafterhermotherputtheapplicationforminherroom.Shewentontowintheawardforherinnovativebag.The"Backpacktothefuture"competitionwaslaunchedtochangeperceptions(認知),encouragemorediversitywithinengineeringandtoshowchildrenhowtheycouldcombineaninterestinfashionwithacareerinscience,technology,engineeringormath.Poweredbygreenenergyfromsolarpowerandadynamo—amachinethatconvertsmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergy—thebackpackfilterspollutedairbeforefanningoutcleanerairnearby."Ihaveanairfilterathomebecausemymumhasmildasthma.MyBreatheBetterBackpackisallaboutkeepingmyfriends,familyandclassmatessafeusinganairfilter.Itlookscoolandwillhelpgetkidsoutsideandfightoffcolds,"Eleanorsaid."Thefirstthingthatcametomindisthatblueisoneofmyfavoritecolorsandbluefeelscleanandthebubblesontheoutsidehaveacleanthemeforbreathing."ThepandemicspurredonEleanor'sawarenessofhowpollutionaffectsaperson'shealthandthespreadofdiseases.Spendingalotoftimewithherasthmaticmumoverseverallockdownsgavethe12-year-oldfoodforthought.Theschoolgirladded:"Mygenerationisreallyawareofpollution,andwehavelessonsonitatschoolalongwithdiseasesspreading,andthisisanotherreasonIdesignedthis,becauseitisgettingmuchworse."Theyoungdesignersaidsheisbecomingincreasinglyawareofthepollutionthatsurroundsher,asshelivesonamainroad.Eleanorsaid:"Iwalktoschool,nexttotheroad,andcantastethepetrolwhenbusescomethrough."Speakingafterwinningthecompetition,Eleanorsaidtheimpactofherbackpackwillbefar-reaching."Ifjustafewpeoplestartusingit,itcouldbereallygoodfortheplanet,"shesaid.4．Whatwasthe"Backpacktothefuture"competitionaimedat?A．Arousingcuriosityinfashion.B．Increasinginterestinengineering.C．Raisingenvironmentalawareness.D．Bondinginterestwithscientificpractice.5．Whatdoesthefourthparagraphimply?A．Thebackpackiseasytocarry.B．Thebackpackisbluewithbubbles.C．Thebackpackissafeforkidsindoors.D．Thebackpackisonlypoweredbysolarenergy.6．WhatisthefeatureofEleanorWoods'innovativebag?A．Itisfashionable. B．Itdoesgoodtohealth.C．Itisenergy-saving. D．Itdoesharmtoenvironment.7．WhichworddescribesEleanorWoods?A．Creative. B．Generous. C．Active D．Adventurous.閱讀理解Peoplewhokeepchickensaspetsorbarnyardanimalstendtobequitepassionateaboutthem.Similartothosewhokeepcatsanddogsasanimalfriends,chickenownerslovetospoiltheirlittleones.Ifthatmeansbuildingtinyamusementparkstokeepthemhappy,thenthat'sexactlywhattheywilldo.Chickenshavemorepersonalitythanmanypeoplegivethemcreditfor.Likehumans,chickenslovetohavefun,explore,andjustkindofcheckstuffout.Whathappensifchickensgetbored?Boredchickenstendtoengageinbadbehaviors.Thesecanincludepeckingatandfightingwithoneanotherandpullingouteachother'sfeathers.Partofkeepingandcaringforchickens(oranyanimalforthatmatter)includesmakingsuretheyhaveeverythingtheyneedtobehappy.Thatincludesentertainmentandthingstokeeptheirdaysinteresting.Onemethodistohangupapieceofcabbage.Notonlydoesthiskeepthechickensentertained,butitalsogivesthemahealthysourceofnourishment.Thereisanotherfuntoyyoucanbuildforyourchickens,andallyouneedissomeoldbicycletires.Chickenmerry-go-roundsareabouttobecomealltherage(風靡一時)inchickensociety.Todothis,allyouneedtodoisremovethewheelfromabike.Thenlaythewheeloutovertopsomethingsothechickensareabletospinandrideontop.Thechickensseemtoknowhowtojumprightonandgoforaride.Theymightnotreactlikeahumanonarollercoaster(過山車),buttheirbehaviortendstoshowitisanenjoyableexperienceforthem.Thewheelscanbespreadoutthroughyourgarden,backyard,orwhereveryourchickensliketoroam.Theyhelpmaketheirdaysmoreinteresting,fun,andunique!8．What'sthepurposeofhangingupapieceofcabbage?A．Tofeedchickens. B．Totrainchickens.C．Toamusechickens. D．Topunishchickens.9．Whatdoesthewordunderlinedinthelastparagraphmean?A．Hatch. B．Rest. C．Gather. D．Wander.10．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ANewPet B．Chickens'BeautifulLifeC．People'sFriends D．HarmoniousCoexistence11．Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A．Amagazine. B．Abiography. C．Adiary. D．Anovel.閱讀理解PartsofEastAsiacouldsee"riversinthesky"formduetoclimatechange,bringingrecord-breakinglevelsofrainfallwiththem,anewstudyhasrevealed.Theteam,fromtheUniversityofTsukuba,Japan,havealreadyseenclearsignsofglobalwarminghittingpartsofthecountry,sotheywantedtoseehowbadthingscouldget."It'sbeenbecomingmoreandmoreclearthatglobalwarmingmeansmorethanjustwarmertemperatures,"theywrote.Oneparticularly-damagingextremeweathereventisanincreaseinrainfalltounexpectedandunprecedented(前所未有的)levels,whichcanresultinflooding.Tohelppredictrainfallevents,researcherslookedtooneofthecauses—theinteractionofatmosphericriverswithmountainranges."Asthenamesuggests,atmosphericriversarelong,narrowbandsofconcentratedwatervapourflowingthroughtheatmosphere,"theteamexplained."Whenoneofthesebandsmeetsabarrier,suchasamountainrange,itcanproduceextremelevelsofrainfallorsnowfall."PartsofEastAsiahavebeensubjectedto(遭受)anincreasingnumberofdamaging,extremeweathereventsoverthepastdecade.Tounderstandtheimpact,theteamusedhigh-resolutionglobalatmosphericcirculationsmodelsimulations(模擬)thatvirtuallyre-createtheconditionsintheatmosphere.Theythenlookedatotherregionalclimatemodels,comparingsimulationsbasedonreal,meteorologicaldata(氣象數據)from1951to2010topredictionsfor2090.Authorsusedtheclimatescenariothatwouldresultin4℃ofwarming,comparedtopreindustriallevels—whichissignificantlymorethan2℃targetsetaspartofParisClimateAgreement.Firstauthor,ProfessorYoichiKamae,saidthattheirsimulationspredictstrengthenedwatervapourtransport,aswellasincreasedrainfallatunprecedentedlevels.Insimulationsthegreatestamountsofatmosphericriver-relatedrainfalloccurredonthesouthernandwesternslopesofmountainsinEastAsia,includinginJapan,theKoreanPeninsula,andnortheasternChina.TheyhadtolimitthestudytoEastAsiaduetocomputertimeandprocessinglimitations,butpredictitwouldapplytootherregionsaroundtheworld.12．What'sthepossibleconsequenceoftheglobalwarming?A．Itcontributestopollutedair.B．Itleadstohotandrainyclimate.C．Itonlyresultsintheriseoftemperature.D．Itcausesthedestructionofmorespecies.13．TheauthorwroteParagraph4to____.A．describethenewstudyB．introduceatmosphericriversC．analyzethecauseofrainfallDwarnpeopleofglobalwarming14．Howistheresearchcarriedtoknowtheeffect?A．Bycomparison. B．Bydiscussion.C．Byexamples. D．Byexplanation15．What'stheattitudeofProfessorYoichiKamaetowardtheirsimulations?A．Theyarerisky. B．Theyarevalueless.C．Theyareperfect. D．Theyareconvincing.二、閱讀，第二節（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。5ProvenWaystoImproveYourConcentrationWe'reallsufferingfrompoorerconcentrationnowadays.16．Herearesomesimplehabitstotry.Minimizedistraction.17．Workinadifferentroomifyoucan.Ifyoufindyourselfsidetracked(轉移目標)bydigitaldevices,turnoffnotifications(通知)andtrainyourselftocheckthematsetintervals.Setatimer.18．_Whetherit'smusic,whitenoiseorevensilence,youmightfindthere'saparticularsoundthathelpsyoumaintainyourattention.Thisenhancesalphawaves—brainwavesthatpromoterelaxationandarethoughttoplayaroleincognition(認知)and,accordingtoasmall2015Americanstudy,makeyoumorecreative.Focusontherightfoods.Youmightgethelpfromcertainso-called"brainfoods".19．Oneofthebestwaystokeepyourbrainfitistoeatahealthydiet.Moveyourbody.Whenyouexercise,yourheartrateincreases,causingyourbodytoreleaseaproteincalledbrain-derivedneurotrophicfactor,orBDNF,whichaidsnervecellgrowth.20．Sleepwell.Whodoesn'tsufferfrombrainfogafterabadnight?Everyoneneedsdifferentamountsofshuteyebutaimingforseventoninehoursisconsideredtheideal.A.Structureyourlife.B.Findtherightsound.C.Theseincludefish,nuts,blueberriesanddarkchocolate.D.Thisisimportantforconcentration,memoryandlearning.E.Buttherearewaysyoucanimproveyourfocusandgetstuffdone.F.Butevennewsplatforms,andemailscanbehighlyattentionsapping.G.Removingyourselffrompeopleanddeviceswillallowyoutoconcentratebetter.三、語言運用，第一節（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。JoanDonovanwas84yearsoldwhenshefinishedhercollegedegree,butthegreat-grandmothersaidshedidn'twanttostoplearningjustyet."Icouldn'twaittogetupinthemorningtogotoschool.Imetthemost21．peopleandfessors.Everyonesurroundedmewith22．andsupport.AndIlearnedthatIhada23．forwriting,"Donovansaid."That'swhenIfoundSouthernNewHampshireUniversity,whichisawonderfulschool.Ijustlovedeveryminuteofit."Fouryearslater,onDecember13,2022,DonovangraduatedfromSouthernNewHampshireUniversitywithamaster's24．increativewriting.Donovansaidtheuniversityheardshewasgraduatingwhenhersoncalledtheschoolto25．aframeforherdiplomaasaChristmaspresent.26．,theschooldecidedtosendmorethanjustaframeddiploma,includingacapandgown,cupcakes,balloonsanduniversityspiritwear(印有大學精神的服裝).Whenshewasyoung,Donovan'smothercalledher"Brilliant".Shestartedfirstgradeattheageof4andgraduatedhighschoolby16.Thefamilycouldn't27．college,butshewasabletotakesomepost-graduateclassesforfreeatherhighschool.Donavanalwayswanteda28．education,butmarriage,babiesandabusylife29．thingsabit.Butshenevergaveuponherdream."I'magoal-seeker,"shesaid."Anditwasagoal,andI30．it.It'sadreamcometrue,really."Now,Donovansaidsheisusinghernewdegreetowriteanovelaswellasanautobiography."Well,Iwaited60yearsto31．mydream.SoIhopeothersdon'thavetowaitthatlong,"saidDonovan,addingthatherautobiographywillbeabout32．the"roadblocks"oflife.Donovan,whohas10grandchildrenandninegreat-grandchildren,saidthemostimportantthingshe'slearnedinlifeistobea"33．learner"."Don'tevergiveup.Imean,34．somethingdoesn'tworkthefirsttime,justtryitagain,"shesaid."And35．,you'llfindyourdreamcometrue."21．A．important B．competitive C．promising D．intelligent22．A．curiosity B．encouragementC．admiration D．congratulation23．A．love B．trick C．interest D．hobby24．A．position B．document C．degree D．grade25．A．applyfor B．askfor C．carefor D．lookfor26．A．Still B．Besides C．However D．Anyway27．A．attend B．admit C．approve D．afford28．A．formal B．valuable C．special D．flexible29．A．buried B．delayed C．permitted D．expanded30．A．reached B．established C．searched D．succeeded31．A．satisfy B．challenge C．discover D．fulfill32．A．building B．abandoning C．overcoming D．seizing33．A．hard-working B．lifelongC．well-known D．selfless34．A．if B．since C．though D．while35．A．fortunately B．immediately C．thankfully D．eventually四、語言運用，第二節（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。SometimesreferredtoastheThailandWaterFestival,Songkranisanannualeventthatmarksthe36．(begin)oftheThaiNewYear.It'sthe37．(large)celebrationthroughoutthewholecountry.Thefestivalkicksoff38．April13andusuallylaststhreedaysthoughfestivitiescanstartearlyorendlaterinsomecities.Theholiday'smainfocusisaboutmovingforward—infact,thewordSongkrancomesfromaphrasein39．Sanskritlanguagethatmeans"passageofthesun".Waterplaysamajorroleinthefestival.40．(symbolical)itwashesawaythepreviousyearsopeoplecangetreadyforthenextone.ManyfamilieswakeupearlyduringSongkranandvisitBuddhisttemples,41．theybringofferingssuchasfoodandlistentomonksastheypreach.PeoplesprinklecleanorscentedwateroverstatuesofBuddhatorepresentpurificationandgoodfortune.Younger42．(visit)alsopourwateronthehandsofelderlyrelativesandfriends43．(show)theirrespectandaskforblessingsinthecomingyear.Honoringfamilytraditionsand44．(religion)practicesareimportant,butsoishavingsomefun.Outside,Songkran45．(celebrate)withstreetpartiesfeaturingloudmusicandagiantfriendlywaterfight!五、寫作（共兩節，滿分40分）46．目前，很多學生苦惱學習效率低，覺得時間不夠用。學校組織班會，以"HowtoSpendTimeProperly"為題，讓同學們進行討論。請你從以下方面準備發言稿。1.恰當管理時間的意義；2.如何恰當管理時間，給出建議。注意：1.詞數80左右；2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。HowtoSpendTimeProperly47．閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。續寫的詞數應為150左右。AyoungmannamedMontyRobertswhowasthesonofanitinerant(巡回的)horsetrainerwhowouldgofromstabletostable,racetracktoracetrack,farmtofarmandranch(大農場)toranch,traininghorses.Asaresult,theboy'shighschoolcareerwascontinuouslyinterrupted.Whenhewasasenior,hewasaskedtowriteapaperdescribinghisgoalofsomedayowningahorseranch.Hewroteabouthisdreamingreatdetailandheevendrewadiagramofa200-acreranch,showingthelocationofallthebuildings,thestablesandthetruck.Thenhedrewadetailedfloorplanfora40000square-foothousethatwouldsitonthe200-acredreamranch."Heputagreatdealofhisheartintotheprojectandthenextdayhehandeditintohisteacher.Twodayslaterhereceivedhispaperback.OnthefrontpagewasalargeredFwithanotethatread,"Seemeafterclass."Theboywiththedreamwenttoseetheteacherafterclassandasked,"WhydidIreceiveanF?"Theteachersaid,"Thisisanunrealisticdreamforayoungboylikeyou.Youhavenomoney.Youcomefromanitinerantfamily.Youhavenoresources.Owningahorseranchrequiresalotofmoney.Youhavetobuytheland.Youhavetopayfortheoriginalbreedingstockandlateryou'llhavetopaylargestudfees.There'snowayyoucouldeverdoit."Thentheteacheradded,"Ifyourewritethispaperwithamorerealisticgoal,Iwillreconsideryourgrade."Paragraph1:Theboywenthomeandthoughtaboutitlongandhard.Paragraph2:Manyyearslater,thesameschoolteacherbrought30kidstocamponahorseranchownedbyMontyRoberts.

答案解析部分【答案】1．A2．A3．B【解析】【分析】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了什么是基因編輯食品以及這類食品的特性。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題一種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。1．細節理解題。根據第二段"GEfoodsareproducedusingthegene-editingtoolCRISPR,whicheditstheexistingDNAofaplantoranimal.(基因編輯食品是使用基因編輯工具CRISPR生產的，該工具可以編輯植物或動物的現有DNA)"可知，基因編輯食品編輯自己現有的DNA。故選A。2．細節理解題。根據第一段"Gene-editedfoodscouldsoonbehittingsupermarketshelvesintheUKasthegovernmentannouncedplanstoallowgene-editedfoodstobesoldunlabeledinBritishsupermarkets,promotinganoutcryfromsomeconsumerswhoclaimthey"shouldbegivenachoice".(基因編輯食品可能很快就會出現在英國超市的貨架上，因為政府宣布了允許基因編輯食品在英國超市不加標簽地銷售的計劃，這引發了一些消費者的強烈抗議，他們聲稱"應該給他們一個選擇")"以及第二段"Unlikegeneticallymodifiedfood,gene-editedfoodcontainsno"foreign"DNAfromotherspecies.Scientistsuseaspecializedproteintomaketinychangestotheorganism'sDNAthatcouldoccurnaturallyorthroughselectivebreeding.(與轉基因食品不同，基因編輯食品不含來自其他物種的"外來"DNA。科學家們使用一種特殊的蛋白質對生物體的DNA進行微小的改變，這種改變可以自然發生，也可以通過選擇性育種發生)"可知，英國政府支持基因編輯食品是對轉基因食品的正確態度。故選A。3．細節理解題。根據倒數第四段"TomatoeshavebeengeneticallyengineeredtoproducemorevitaminD.Researchersclaimthatthe"super"fruitscouldhelpreducetheriskofdevelopingdiseasessuchascancer,Parkinson'sdiseaseanddementia(癡呆).(西紅柿經過基因工程改造，可以產生更多的維生素D。研究人員稱，這種"超級"水果有助于降低患癌癥、帕金森氏癥和癡呆癥等疾病的風險)"；倒數第二段"Acrylamide(丙烯酰胺),asubstancethatcancausecancer,iscreatedwhenbreadisbakedortoasted.Researchershaveeditedthegenome(基因組)ofwheattoreduceitsproductionofthecancer-causingchemical.(丙烯酰胺是一種會導致癌癥的物質，它是在烤面包時產生的。研究人員編輯了小麥的基因組，以減少其致癌化學物質的產生)"以及最后一段"Researchershaveusedgene-editingtechniquestogrowchickencellsthatareunabletoreplicatethebirdfluvirusinalab.TheyeditedasectionofchickenDNAtomakeitresistanttothevirus.(研究人員利用基因編輯技術在實驗室中培育出了不能復制禽流感病毒的雞細胞。他們編輯了雞的一段DNA，使其對病毒具有抵抗力)"可知，B選項"不會變成棕色的蘑菇"不是可以減少疾病的方法。故選B。【答案】4．D5．B6．B7．A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了12歲的埃莉諾·伍茲在哮喘母親的啟發下，制作了一個太陽能背包，可以過濾空氣污染，幫助有呼吸疾病的人。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題和推理判斷題兩種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。4．細節理解題。由第三段中"The"Backpacktothefuture"competitionwaslaunchedtochangeperceptions(認知),encouragemorediversitywithinengineeringandtoshowchildrenhowtheycouldcombineaninterestinfashionwithacareerinscience,technology,engineeringormath.("面向未來的背包"比賽旨在改變人們的觀念，鼓勵工程領域的更多多樣性，并向孩子們展示如何將時尚興趣與科學、技術、工程或數學職業相結合)"可知，"面向未來的背包"比賽的目標是將興趣與科學實踐聯系起來。故選D。5．推理判斷題。由第四段中"Thefirstthingthatcametomindisthatblueisoneofmyfavoritecolorsandbluefeelscleanandthebubblesontheoutsidehaveacleanthemeforbreathing.(首先想到的是藍色是我最喜歡的顏色之一，藍色感覺很干凈，外面的氣泡有一個干凈的呼吸主題)"可知，第四段暗示這個背包是藍色的，上面有氣泡。故選B。6．細節理解題。由第四段中"MyBreatheBetterBackpackisallaboutkeepingmyfriends,familyandclassmatessafeusinganairfilter.Itlookscoolandwillhelpgetkidsoutsideandfightoffcolds(我的BreatheBetter雙肩包就是為了用空氣過濾器保護我的朋友、家人和同學的安全。它看起來很涼爽，有助于讓孩子們出門，抵御感冒)"可知，EleanorWoods的創新背包的特點在于它對健康有益。故選B。7．推理判斷題。由第二段中"Shewentontowintheawardforherinnovativebag.(她因其新穎的背包而獲獎)"和第四段中"Poweredbygreenenergyfromsolarpowerandadynamo—amachinethatconvertsmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergy—thebackpackfilterspollutedairbeforefanningoutcleanerairnearby.(背包由太陽能和發電機提供的綠色能源提供動力，發電機是一種將機械能轉化為電能的機器，它過濾污染的空氣，然后在附近散發出更清潔的空氣)"可知，EleanorWoods很有創意。故選A。【答案】8．C9．D10．B11．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了養雞的人對待雞會充滿熱情和關愛，強調雞也有個性，喜歡玩耍和探索。為了避免雞感到無聊帶來的不良行為，養雞的人可以提供娛樂和創造有趣的環境，讓雞保持快樂。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題，推理判斷題，詞義猜測題和主旨大意題四種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。詞義猜測題的解題方法包括利用指代關系、定義、定語、文章中的舉例、比較的詞語、構詞法知識、上下文語境、因果關系來推測詞義。做主旨大意題時，要求考生抓住每段或每個層次的主要含義進行加工、提煉，通過對語篇結構的分析即對文章內部各層次間的邏輯關系的分析，將每段的主題綜合起來，找出文章的中心。8．細節理解題。根據第六段"Onemethodistohangupapieceofcabbage.Notonlydoesthiskeepthechickensentertained,butitalsogivesthemahealthysourceofnourishment.(一種方法是掛一塊卷心菜。這不僅能讓雞開心，還能給它們提供健康的營養來源)"可知，掛一塊卷心菜是為了逗雞開心。故選C。9．詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞的上文"Thewheelscanbespreadoutthroughyourgarden,backyard,orwherever(輪子可以散布在你的花園、后院，或者任何地方)"可知，此處是描述放置輪子的位置，再結合畫線詞的下文"Theyhelpmaketheirdaysmoreinteresting,fun,andunique!(它們讓它們的生活更有趣、愉快和獨特)"可知，放置這些輪子是為了讓雞開心。由此推知，花園、后院這些應該都是雞喜歡閑逛的地方，可以放輪子讓它們玩，畫線詞意思應該是"閑逛，漫游"，與wander意思相近。故選D。10．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中"Similartothosewhokeepcatsanddogsasanimalfriends,chickenownerslovetospoiltheirlittleones.Ifthatmeansbuildingtinyamusementparkstokeepthemhappy,thenthat'sexactlywhattheywilldo.(就像那些把貓和狗當作動物朋友的人一樣，養雞的人也喜歡寵壞他們的小家伙。如果這意味著構建小型游樂園讓它們快樂，那他們就會這么做)"可知，文章主要為養雞的人介紹了如何為喜歡玩耍和探索的雞提供娛樂和創造有趣的環境，讓它們保持快樂。因此，B項"雞的美好生活"契合文章主旨，適合作為文章標題。故選B。11．推理判斷題。縱觀全文可知，文章首先介紹養雞的人對待雞會充滿熱情和關愛，然后強調雞也有個性，喜歡玩耍和探索；再引出主體內容，建議養雞的人避免雞感到無聊帶來的不良行為，為雞提供娛樂，創造有趣的環境，讓它們保持快樂。因此，文章主要是從客觀事實上提供日常養雞方面的建議，語言較為平實，兼具趣味性，很可能出自一本雜志。故選A。【答案】12．B13．C14．A15．D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項新的研究顯示，由于氣候變化，東亞部分地區可能會出現"天空中的河流"，帶來破紀錄的降雨量。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題和推理判斷題兩種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。12．細節理解題。由第二段中"It'sbeenbecomingmoreandmoreclearthatglobalwarmingmeansmorethanjustwarmertemperatures(越來越清楚的是，全球變暖不僅僅意味著氣溫升高)"和第三段中"Oneparticularly-damagingextremeweathereventisanincreaseinrainfalltounexpectedandunprecedented(前所未有的)levels,whichcanresultinflooding.(一個特別具有破壞性的極端天氣事件是降雨量增加到前所未有的水平，這可能導致洪水)"可知，全球變暖的可能后果是氣候炎熱多雨。故選B。13．推理判斷題。由第四段""Asthenamesuggests,atmosphericriversarelong,narrowbandsofconcentratedwatervapourflowingthroughtheatmosphere,"theteamexplained."Whenoneofthesebandsmeetsabarrier,suchasamountainrange,itcanproduceextremelevelsofrainfallorsnowfall."(該團隊解釋道："顧名思義，大氣河流是流經大氣的細長的濃縮水蒸氣帶。""當其中一條帶遇到山脈等障礙物時，可能會產生極端程度的降雨或降雪。")"可知，第四段主要講降雨產生的原因，可得出作者寫第四段是為了分析降雨的原因。故選C。14．細節理解題。由倒數第三段中"Theythenlookedatotherregionalclimatemodels,comparingsimulationsbasedonreal,meteorologicaldata(氣象數據)from1951to2010topredictionsfor2090.(然后，他們研究了其他區域氣候模型，將1951年至2010年基于真實氣象數據的模擬與2090年的預測進行了比較)"和倒數第二段"Authorsusedtheclimatescenariothatwouldresultin4℃ofwarming,comparedtopreindustriallevels—whichissignificantlymorethan2℃targetsetaspartofParisClimateAgreement.(研究發起人使用了與工業化前水平相比將導致4攝氏度變暖的氣候情景——這大大高于《巴黎氣候協定》設定的2攝氏度目標)"可知，研究通過比較來了解研究結果。故選A。15．推理判斷題。由最后一段中"TheyhadtolimitthestudytoEastAsiaduetocomputertimeandprocessinglimitations,butpredictitwouldapplytootherregionsaroundtheworld.(由于計算機時間和處理的限制，他們不得不將這項研究限制在東亞，但預測它將適用于世界其他地區)"可知，KamaeYoichi教授認為他們的模擬將適用于世界其他地區，可得出KamaeYoichi教授認為他們的模擬令人信服。故選D。【答案】16．E；17．G；18．B；19．C；20．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了五個行之有效的提高注意力的方法。

【點評】考查任務型閱讀（七選五）。解題時，要求考生注意通讀整篇文章，把握整段脈絡，理出文章的中心，分析段落之間和段落內部的層次。選項與前后句之間的邏輯關系是確定答案的主要依據。可以從意思、關鍵詞、關聯詞來分析段落之間以及段落內部的邏輯關系。七選五解題的一些實用技巧如下。第一，快速瀏覽全文，把握文章主旨。在開始解題前，快速瀏覽全文，了解文章的大致內容和主題，有助于更好地理解和判斷每個選項的合適性。第二，注意段首句和段尾句。段首句往往是對整段的概括或引入，而段尾句則常常是對該段的總結或結論。因此，關注這些句子有助于我們快速了解段落的主旨，從而更好地選擇答案。第三，利用上下文語境和邏輯關系進行推斷。在選擇答案時，要仔細閱讀上下文，尋找與選項相關的線索和信息，如關聯詞、同義詞、反義詞等。同時，也要根據邏輯關系進行推斷，如因果、轉折、并列等，從而確定正確答案。第四，排除法也是一種有效的解題方法。當面對多個選項時，可以先排除與文章主旨或上下文不符的選項，然后再根據剩余選項的內容進行比較和選擇。16．前文"We'reallsufferingfrompoorerconcentrationnowadays.(我們現在都在遭受注意力不集中的困擾)"提到注意力不集中的困擾很普遍，后文"Herearesomesimplehabitstotry.(這里有一些簡單的習慣可以嘗試)"提到可以嘗試一些方法，空處應該和該問題可以解決相關。因此E項"Buttherearewaysyoucanimproveyourfocusandgetstuffdone.(但是有一些方法可以提高你的注意力，把事情做好)"符合語境，和前文構成轉折，引出后文，其中的focus和前文的concentration呼應。故選E。17．本段小標題"Minimizedistraction.(減少分心)"表明本段介紹如何減少分心，后文"Workinadifferentroomifyoucan.Ifyoufindyourselfsidetracked(轉移目標)bydigitaldevices,turnoffnotifications(通知)andtrainyourselftocheckthematsetintervals.(如果可以的話，換一個房間工作。如果你發現自己被電子設備分散了注意力，關掉通知，訓練自己每隔一段時間查看一次)"主要從減少人群和電子設備的干擾兩個方面介紹具體做法，空處作為段首句，應該涉及人群和電子設備兩個方面。因此G項"Removingyourselffrompeopleanddeviceswillallowyoutoconcentratebetter.(遠離人群和設備會讓你更好地集中注意力)"符合語境，契合后文內容。故選G。18．后文"Whetherit'smusic,whitenoiseorevensilence,youmightfindthere'saparticularsoundthathelpsyoumaintainyourattention.Thisenhancesalphawaves—brainwavesthatpromoterelaxationandarethoughttoplayaroleincognition(認知)and,accordingtoasmall2015Americanstudy,makeyoumorecreative.(無論是音樂、白噪音，甚至是安靜，你可能會發現有一種特別的聲音能幫助你保持注意力。