初中語法專講及練習(xí)初中語法復(fù)習(xí)：主謂一致原則（后附專練及答案）主謂一致是初中英語語法中的一個(gè)重要原則，它指的是句子的謂語動(dòng)詞與其主語在人稱和數(shù)上必須保持一致。這一原則主要遵循以下三個(gè)基本類別：一、語法一致原則語法一致原則是指主語和謂語在語法形式上保持一致。具體來說：1.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、代詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：“Heworksataradiostation.”（他在廣播電臺(tái)工作。）2.可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或代詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：“Themanagersaregoingtotakeadinnerpartytonight.”（那些經(jīng)理們今晚將要參加晚宴。）3.由and或both...and...連接的并列成分作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：“Mr.BlackandMrs.BlackhaveasoncalledMike.”（布萊克夫婦有個(gè)兒子叫邁克。）4.用“one,everyone,eachone,anyone,each,either,neither等+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：“Eachoneofthechildreniseagertogohome.”（每個(gè)孩子都想回家。）5.不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例如：“Makingadifferencemeansmakingagoodchange.”（有所作為意味著做出好的改變。）6.主語后帶有伴隨狀語with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas等時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與主語保持一致。例如：“Theboyalongwithhisparentsgoestothesciencemuseumonceaweek.”（這個(gè)男孩和他的父母每周去一次科學(xué)博物館。）7.“anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；“thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：“Anumberoftreeswereplantedherelastyear.”（去年這里種植了很多樹。）“Thenumberofcandlesistheperson'sage.”（蠟燭的數(shù)量是人的年齡。）二、意義一致原則意義一致原則是指謂語動(dòng)詞要和主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。具體來說：1.形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：“Cattleeatgrass.”（牛吃草。）“Thepolicewerecalledin.”（警察被召來了。）2.形式上雖為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示一個(gè)整體概念的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：“Newsisgoodtohear.”（新聞值得一聽。）3.主語是指一類人的“the+形容詞（或過去分詞）”時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：“Theinjuredweretakentohospital.”（受傷的人都送進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。）4.以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞，如politics,physics,mathematics等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。但當(dāng)它們表示“學(xué)科”以外的意義時(shí)，用作復(fù)數(shù)。例如：“Mathematicsisthelanguageofscience.”（數(shù)學(xué)是科學(xué)語言。）“Politicshererefertodifferentpoliticalviews.”（這里的politics指的是不同的政治觀點(diǎn)。）三、就近一致原則就近一致原則是指謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語之單、復(fù)數(shù)。具體來說：1.由either…or,not…but…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…等連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與最靠近它的主語保持一致。例如：“Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherisinterestedinit.”（老師和學(xué)生對(duì)此都不感興趣。）2.當(dāng)therebe句型中的主語是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與離其最近的主語保持一致。例如：“Thereisanappleandtwoorangesinthebag.”（袋子里有一個(gè)蘋果和兩個(gè)橙子。）此外，還有一些特殊情況需要注意：1.some,any,none,every等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：“Nobodylikestobecriticized.”（沒有人喜歡被批評(píng)。）2.常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞，如glasses,shoes,trousers等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果被apairof,akindof等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與表示計(jì)量的詞保持一致。例如：“Myglasseswerebroken.”（我的眼鏡壞了。）“Thiskindofshoesismorecomfortable.”（這種鞋更舒服。）主謂一致專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：1.Morethanoneboy_________toplaybadmintonwithgirlsinourclass.A.chooseB.ischoosingC.arechoosingD.chooses2.—_____youatschoollastnight?—No,I_____athome.A.Was;wasB.Were;wereC.Were;wasD.Was;were3.Alltheinformationexceptthesetwopieces_____writingthearticle.A.havebeenusedtoB.hasbeenusedtoC.havebeenusedforD.hasbeenusedfor4.—HowDave?—Heisfine.A.areB.isC.amD.be5.Inourschoollibrarythereanumberofbooksonscienceandthenumberofthemgrowinglargerandlarger.A.is,areB.are,isC.has,isD.have,are6.—Thispairofshoes__________reallysmallforme.—Whynottryanother_________.A.is,pairB.are,pairC.is,oneD.are,one7.Are________Kate's________?A.this,bookB.that,bookC.these,booksD.those,book8.The______aboutthesportsmeetingmakeusexcited.A.newsB.informationC.messagesD.advice9.PeterandI_________inRoom807.A.amB.isC.areD./10.Thepriceofthesepants_____veryhigh.A.areB.isC.haveD.has11.Gina_______mycousin.We_______goodfriends.A.is,areB.are,areC.are,isD.is,is12.Thereapandaandtwolionsinyesterday'sfilm.A.wereB.wasC.had13.There________60studentsinmyclass.A.amB.isC.areD.have14.Somechildrenwereintheclassroomandtherest_________intheplayground.A.wasB.wereC.areD.is15.There_________abasketballmatchbetweenClassTwoandClassFourthisafternoon.A.isgoingtobeB.willhaveC.isgoingtohave16._______rightaftermealsisbadforourhealth.A.RunB.RunningC.Runs17.Neitherofthetwostudents_______theteacherwhoismuchtoostrict.A.likeB.likesC.likingD.liked18.Ihavetwochildren.Eachofthem_______hisownroom.A.haveB.hasC.havingD.tohave19.________Rita________hermotherknowmyaddress.Theyoftenvisitmeatmyhome.A.Not;butB.Notonly;butalsoC.Both;andD.Either;or20.Thenumberofstudentsinourschool_________morethan2000.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.were21.TheBlacks__________intheparklastSunday.A.isB.areC.wasD.was22.—ManypeoplethinkWeiFang______hermother.—Me,too.A.belikeB.looklikeC.islikeD.like23.—Howmuch_______thetrousers?—_______88yuan.A.is;ItB.are;TheyC.is;It’sD.are;They’re24.AlargenumberofHollywoodmoviesinChinaeveryyear.Thenumberofimported(進(jìn)口)Hollywoodmoviesin201434.A.areshown;isB.areshown;areC.isshown;isD.isshown;are25.Droppinglitter______neverallowedinourcity.A.don'tB.areC.willD.is26.Mybrother______asoccerballandI_____one.A.have,hasB.has,haveC.have,haveD.has,has27.—Weorderedbeefnoodles,but_______anybeefinthenoddles.—Putonyourglassesandyoucanseethebeef.A.thereisB.thereisn'tC.therearen't28.________myfriends.A.ThisareB.TheyareC.TheseisD.Thisis29.—DoyoulikeyournewT-shirt?—Yes.NotonlyIbutalsomymother__________it.A.doesn'tlikeB.likeC.likesD.don'tlike30.There_________somesheepandahorseinthepicture.A.areB.isC.has31.—Hello,what_______yourname?—I_______SallyBrown.A.is;isB.is;amC.are;isD.am;are32.Eitheryouoryourfather_______TVi