歲末將至敬頌冬綏THESPRINGFESTIVALTHESPRINGFESTIVALTHESPRINGFESTIVAL乙巳年生肖蛇SnakeCHINESEYEAR()HAPPYNEWYEAR目錄CONTENTS壹TheOriginofSpringFestival（春節起源）貳Whatis"year"?（什么是年？）叁SpringFestivalcustoms（春節習俗）肆SpringFestivalknowledge（春節常識）伍FestivalFood（節日美食）第壹節TheOriginofSpringFestival春節起源TheOriginofSpringFestivalTheSpringFestival春節TheSpringFestivalcustomshavealonghistoryandarethemostsolemntraditionalfestivalofourChinesenation.春節風俗源遠流長，是我們中華民族最隆重的傳統節日。春節起源TheOriginofSpringFestivalTheSpringFestivaloriginatedfromthe"LaFestival"inthelateprimitivesociety.Atthattime,whentheendoftheLaFestivalcame,theancestorswouldslaughterpigsandsheep,worshipgods,ghosts,andancestors,andprayforgoodweatherandraininthenewyeartoavoiddisasters.春節風俗源遠流長，是我們中華民族最隆重的傳統節日。春節起源TheOriginofSpringFestivalAccordingtohistoricalrecords,theSpringFestivalwascalled"Zai"duringtheTangandYudynasties.Itwascalled"Sui"duringtheXiadynasty,"Si"duringtheShangdynasty,and"Nian"duringtheZhoudynasty.據史籍記載，春節在唐虞時叫“載”夏代叫“歲”，商代叫“祀”，周代才叫“年”。第貳節Whatisyear什么是年Whatis"year"?-01-Inancienttimes,therewasabeastcalled"Nian".Nian,withhornsonhishead,isveryfierceandterrifying.古時候有一種叫“年”的獸。“年”，頭上長著角，非常兇猛恐怖。-02-"Nian"livedinthedeepmountainsforyearsandonlyclimbedashoreonspecificdays(nowNewYear'sEve),swallowinglivestockandcausingharmtohumanlife.

“年”長年居住深山，每到特定的一天（就是現在的除夕)才爬上岸，吞食牲畜傷害人命。什么是年Whatis"year"?Therefore,onNewYear'sEve,allthepeopleineachvillagefleetothedeepmountainstoavoidtheharmoftheyear.因此，每到除夕這天，每個村里的人們全部逃往深山，以躲避“年”的傷害。OneNewYear'sEve,anelderlybeggarcamefromoutsidethevillage.有一年除夕，從村外來了個乞討的老人。什么是年Whatis"year"?Thevillagewasinahurryandpanic,andnoonepaidattentiontohim.Onlyanoldladyintheeastofthevillagegavetheoldmansomefoodandadvisedhimtogoupthemountaintoavoid"Nian".鄉里一片匆忙恐慌，沒有人理會他，只有村東頭一位老婆婆給了老人一些食物，并勸他快上山躲避“年”。什么是年Whatis"year"?Theoldmanliftedhisbeardandsmiled,"Ifmymother-in-lawasksmetostayathomeallnight,IwilldefinitelydriveawayNian."Theoldladycontinuedtopersuade,beggingtheoldmantosmilebutremainedsilent.那老人把胡子撩起來笑道:“婆婆若讓我在家呆一夜，我一定把“年’趕走。”老婆婆繼續勸說，乞討老人笑而不語。什么是年Whatis"year"?Itfoundthattheatmosphereinthevillagewasdifferentfrompreviousyears:attheeastendofthevillage,therewasawifeinlaw'shouse,thedoorwaspastedwithbigredpaper,andthehousewasbrightlylitwithcandles.它發現村里氣氛與往年不同：村東頭老婆婆家，門貼大紅紙，屋內燭火通明。Atmidnight,"Nian"bargedintothevillage半夜時分，“年”闖進村。什么是年Whatis"year"?-01-"Nian"trembledalloverandletoutastrangecry.“年”渾身一抖，怪叫了一聲。-02-Asheapproachedtheentrance,therewasasuddenexplosionsoundinthecourtyard.Nianwassofrightenedthathetrembledalloveranddarednotmoveforwardanymore.將近門口時，院內突然傳來“噼里啪啦”的炸響聲，“年”嚇得渾身發抖，再不敢往前湊了。什么是年Whatis"year"?Originally,"Nian"wasmostafraidofred,flames,andexplosions.原來，“年”最怕紅色、火光和炸響。Atthismoment,mymother-in-law'sdooropenedandIsawanoldmaninaredrobelaughingloudlyinthecourtyard.Nianwasshockedandranawayinembarrassment.這時婆婆的家門打開，只見院內一位身披紅袍的老人在哈哈大笑。“年”大驚失色，狼狽逃躥了。什么是年Whatis"year"?第二天是正月初一，避難回來的人們見村里安然無恙十分驚奇。這時，老婆婆才恍然大悟，趕忙向鄉親們述說了乞討老人的許諾。Thenextdaywasthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonth,andthepeoplewhohadtakenrefugewereverysurprisedtoseethatthevillagewassafeandsound.Atthismoment,mywifesuddenlyrealizedandquicklytoldthevillagersaboutthepromiseofbeggingtheoldman.什么是年Whatis"year"?Thismatterquicklyspreadinthesurroundingvillages,andpeopleallknewthewaytodriveawaytheNewYear.這件事很快在周圍村里傳開了，人們都知道了驅趕年”的辦法。Fromthenon,everyNewYear'sEve,everyfamilysticksredcoupletsandsetsofffirecrackers;Everyhouseholdisbrightlylitwithcandles,guardingthenightandwaitingforthenewyear.Earlyinthemorningofthefirstdayofjuniorhighschool,Istillhavetogoonafamilyandfriendshiptriptosayhello.從此每年除夕，家家貼紅對聯、燃放爆竹;戶戶燭火通明、守更待歲。初一一大早，還要走親串友道喜問好。什么是年Whatis"year"?ThiscustomiswidelyspreadandhasbecomethemostsolemntraditionalfestivalamongChinesepeople,whichistheSpringFestival!這風俗廣泛流傳，成了中國民間最隆重的傳統節日，就是春節!第叁節SpringFestivalcustoms春節習俗SpringFestivalcustoms1、SpringCleaning大掃除“Dust”(塵)ishomophonicwith“chen”(陳)inChinese,which"sweepingthedust”beforemeansoldandpast.Inthisway,theSpringFestivalmeansathoroughcleaningofhousestosweepawaybadluckinthepastyear.ChinesePeoplebelievethatinordertoreceivethenewluck,youhavetoswipethebadluck.AllthecleaninghastobedonebeforetheendofNewYear'sEve,that'swhatChinesepeoplealwayscalled“CiJiuYingXin”:sayinggoodbyetotheoldandwelcomingthenew.“Dust”與“塵”是諧音(塵在漢語中的意思是舊的和過去的)。這樣，“在春節前掃塵”是指徹底清潔房屋掃除過去閏年的厄運。勤勞勇敢的中國人民相信，只有把舊的壞運氣趕走了，才能迎接美好新生活。所有的大掃除必須要在除夕夜之前完成。干凈凈整齊迎接新年，就是我們常說的辭舊迎新春節習俗SpringFestivalcustomsAfterthethoroughlycleanup，peoplewillpastepaper-cutdecorqtionsonthewindowsanddoors.Paper-cuts,usuallywithquspiciouspatterns,giveahappyandprosperousatmosphereoftheFestivalandexpressthegoodwishesofChinesepeoplelookingforwardtoagoodlife.ItiscommonforChinesetopastethecharacter“fu(福)”，bigandsmall,onwalls，doorsanddoorpostsaroundthehouses.“Fu(福)showspeople'syearningtowardagoodlife.Somepeople'syearningtowardagoodlife.Somepeopleeveninvertthecharacter“Fu(福)”tosignifythatblessinghasarrivedbecquse"inverted”isahomonymfor“arrive”inChinese.在大掃除之后，大家會在家中門窗上貼上窗花。通常帶有吉祥圖案的窗花，傳遞節日喜慶和執鬧的氣氛和表達中國人期待幸福生活的美好愿望。除了貼窗花，在墻上，門上和房子周圍的門框上巾大小福字是中國人表達對美好生活渴望的普遍習俗。一些人甚至倒貼福字來表示福到了，因為在漢語中“倒”是“到”的諧音。2、PaperCut貼窗花春節習俗SpringFestivalcustoms"TheSpringCouplet"alsocalled"coupletand“apairofantitheticalphrasesisaspecialformofliteratureinChina.TheSpringCoupletiscomposedoftwoantitheticalsentencesonbothsidesofthedoorandqhorizontalscrollbearinganinscription,usuallyanquspiciousphrase,abovethegate.Whetherthefamilyisrichorpooreducatedorignorant,everyonemustputontheSpringCouplettosymbolizethehopesforthecomingnewyear.春聯”或“對聯”對立在中國是一種特殊的文學形式。春聯是由貼在門口兩側兩組對仗的句子組成，在門上面的橫批通常是一個吉祥的短語不論是大富大貴還是貧困潦倒，學富五車還是鄉野村夫，每家每戶都要在新年時門前貼春聯，以寄托對新年的美好祝愿。3、SpringCouplet貼春聯春節習俗SpringFestivalcustoms春節是一個合家團圓的日子，在除夕夜，全家都合家團圓一起共享除夕大餐。這頓飯通常是全家總動員，每個人都要參與，也通常是一年之中最豐盛美味的一餐。TheSpringFestivalisatimefortheChinesetohavefamilyreuniononChineseNewYear'sEve(ChuXi)，thewholefamilymustsitatthetabletoeattheNewYear'sSuppertogether.Thismealisusuallymadefromscratchwiththeentirefamilyworkingtogether,andthismealisusuallythemostsumptuousmeqloftheyear.4、FamilyReunionDinner年夜飯春節習俗SpringFestivalcustoms放鞭炮曾是春節慶祝活動中最重要的習俗之一。然而，擔心燃放鞭炮可能會帶來危險和煩人的噪音，政府已在許多大城市下令禁止燃放鞭炮。但在小城鎮和地區的人們仍然堅持這種傳統的慶祝活動。除夕夜一旦撞響午夜12點鐘城市和鄉鎮都被煙花的閃閃光芒映亮，鞭炮聲震耳欲聾LightingFirecrackersusedtobeoneofthemostimportantcustomsintheSpringFestivalcelebration,However,concerningthedangerandthenegativenoisesthatlightingfirecrackersmaybring,thegovernmenthasbannedthispracticeinmanymajorcities.Butpeopleinsmalltownsandruralareasstillholdtothistraditionalcelebration.Rightastheclockstrike12o'clockmidnightofNewYear'sEve,citiesandtownsarelitupwiththeglitterfromfireworks,andthesoundcanbedeafening.5、Firecrackers放鞭炮春節習俗SpringFestivalcustoms孩子們最愛過春節，因為春節有紅包!紅包就是在一個紅包的小紅包里裝上壓歲錢，寓意為幸運和財富。在中國傳統文化中，紅色是幸運色，大家相信紅包能幫人趕走霉運，帶來幸福富貴。ChildrenloveSpringFestivalbecausetheycanreceiveredpacket!Aredpacketissimplyaredenvelopewithluckymoneyinit,whichsymbolizesluckandwealth,IntraditionalChinesecultural,redisconsideredaluckycolor,redpacketisbelievedtowardoffevilspiritsandtobringgoodfortunetothereceiver.6、LuckyMoney/RedPacket壓歲錢/紅包春節習俗SpringFestivalcustomsTraditionally,oldergenerationsgivetheredpackettotheyoungergeneration,Nowadays,thispracticeextendstoclosefriends,neighbors,andevensomecompaniesgivewayyear-endbonusintheredpackets.在過去，都是長輩給晚輩紅包，但是現在這個概念已經擴大到朋友之音，有些公司也會把年終獎金放到紅包里面發放。第肆節SpringFestivalknowledge春節常識SpringFestivalknowledgeDoweneedtopastethecharacter"fu"upsidedown?福字要倒著貼嗎?"Uprightontherightside,upsidedownontheside".“正處正貼，偏地倒貼”春節常識SpringFestivalknowledgeOrthodoxpasting:Theentranceandhallshouldbepastedupright.Becausethegatesymbolizessolemnityandelegance,andisneatlyattachedtothedoor,symbolizing"welcomingblessings"and"receivingblessings".Sidebysidereversepasting:Garbagebins,waterbuckets,andhouseholdcabinetscanbepastedupsidedownwiththeword"fu",meaning"fudao".Sidebysidereversepasting偏地倒貼:垃圾桶、水桶、家里的箱柜等可倒著貼，倒貼福字，取“福到”之意。Orthodoxpasting正處正貼:大門、廳堂應該正著貼。因為大門寓示著莊重、典雅，端端正正地貼在門上,有“迎福”和“納福”之意。春節常識SpringFestivalknowledge"Taofu"isthepredecessorofSpringFestivalcouplets桃符”就是春聯的前身HowdidSpringFestivalcoupletsevolve?

春聯是如何演變而來?春節常識SpringFestivalknowledgeStartingfromtheZhouDynasty,peachtalismanswerehungduringtheSpringFestival.Peoplewouldprayandwardoffevilspiritsbymakingpeachwoodboardsatthedoorandpaintingtwostatuesofdoorgodsonthem.大約從周朝起,迎春就會掛桃符,人們為辟邪祈福,會在門旁,用桃木制成桃木板，在上面畫兩位門神的神像。春節常識SpringFestivalknowledge宋代的文人往往將詩句寫在桃符上，逐漸演變成現在的春聯。LiteratiintheSongDynastyoftenwrotepoetryonpeachsymbols,graduallyevolvingintothecurrentSpringFestivalcouplets.春節常識SpringFestivalknowledge春聯也叫門對、春貼、對聯、對子、桃符等,文字工整、對偶,言簡意賅地抒發對新年的期盼。Springcouplets,alsoknownasdoorcouplets,springstickers,couplets,couplets,peachsymbols,etc.,areneatlywrittenandpaired,expressingexpectationsforthenewyearinaconciseandconcisemanner.春節常識SpringFestivalknowledgeClassifiedbyplaceofuse按使用場所分類“框對”:貼于左右兩個門框上。"Framepairing":pastedontheleftandrightdoorframes“門心”:貼在門的中間"Doorcenter":pastedinthemiddleofthedoor“春條”:根據內容貼于相應的地方，如:“春色滿園出門見喜”等。"SpringBar":Stickitinthecorrespondingplaceaccordingtothecontent,suchas"Springisfullofscenery,gooutandseejoy",etc“橫批”:貼在門帽的橫木上。"Horizontalbanner":pastedonthecrossbarofthedoorcap斗斤”:正方菱形,貼在家具上。"DouJin":asquarediamondshape,pastedonfurniture春節常識SpringFestivalknowledgeHowtodistinguishtheupperandlowercoupletsofSpringFestivalcouplets?春聯的上下聯如何區分?Thetoneoftheendingcharacterinthecoupletmustbeatone(threetoneandfourtoneinPinyin)上聯結尾字的音調須是仄聲(拼音里的三聲和四聲。春節常識SpringFestivalknowledgeThetoneoftheendingcharacterinthelowerpartofthecoupletmustbeinaflattone(thefirstandsecondtonesinPinyin)下聯結尾字的音調須用平聲(拼音里的一聲和二聲)春節常識SpringFestivalknowledgeHowtopostSpringFestivalcouplets?春聯怎么張貼？ThetraditionalwayofpostingSpringFestivalcoupletsemphasizesplacingtherighthandaboveandthelefthandbelow.傳統的張貼春聯講究右手為上,，左手為下。春節常識SpringFestivalknowledgeTheuppercoupletsoftheSpringFestivalcoupletsshouldbepastedontherightsidefacingthedoor,whilethelowercoupletsshouldbepastedontheleftside.Currently,manypeopledeterminetheleftandrightsidesoftheupperandlowercoupletsaccordingtothehorizontaldirectionofthebanner.即春聯的上聯應貼在人面向門的右側，下聯貼在左側目前，很多人按橫批方向確定上下聯的左右。春節常識SpringFestivalknowledge如果橫批是從右向左書寫，上聯就應貼在右邊，反之上聯則貼在左邊Ifthehorizontalstrokeiswrittenfromrighttoleft,theuppercoupletshouldbepastedontherightside;otherwise,theuppercoupletshouldbepastedontheleftside.Althoughdifferentfromtraditionalpastingmethods,itisalsoafolkcustom.雖然與傳統貼法不同，但也是一種民間習慣。第伍節FestivalFood節日美食FestivalFoodRice

cake年糕Rice

cakeisaseasonalfoodfortheLunarNewYear,withthreecolors:red,yellow,andwhite,symbolizinggoldandsilver.年糕屬于農歷新年的應時食品，有紅、黃、白三