PAGEPAGE11.因為禁食和使用減肥藥物會帶來低卡路里攝入量,因此他們容易導致疲勞過度以及耐力不足.對于學生來說,這會對他們的學術表現帶來不利影響.Sinceskippingmealsandtakingdietpillsareassociatedwith

alowcaloricintake(1.低卡路里攝入量),theyarelikelytoresultin

increasedfatigue

(2.疲勞過度)and

loweredstamina(3.耐力不足).Forstudents,thiscanbedetrimentaltotheiracademicperformance.

1-alowcaloricintake

詞典釋義：caloric1.ADJ

形容詞

熱量的

Caloric

meansrelatingtocalories.

【搭配模式】：ADJn?...adaily

caloric

intakeoffrom400to1200calories.日攝取400至1200卡路里的熱量

intake['?n.te?k]

noun

AMOUNT

數量

uncountable

■theamountofa

particularsubstancewhichiseatenordrunkduringaparticulartime

攝入量?Itsaysonthepacketthatfourslicesofthisbread

containsonehalfofyourrecommended

daily

intake

of

fibre.包裝上寫著四片這種面包就包含了建議的每天纖維攝取量的一半.

外刊例句：

Byrecentgovernmentorder,municipalrations

willbeexpandedfurtherbecauseofrisingincidenceofchildrenfaintingat

schooldueto

lowcalorieintake.()政府近日下令進一步增加城市糧食配給,因為越來越多兒童猶如能量攝入不足而暈倒.

替換表達：alowcalorie/energyintake

2-increasedfatigue

詞典釋義：increased

adjective

：

subjectedtoaugmentation

：

madeorbecomegreater

<

increased

timeforstudy>

<the

increased

wealthofthenation>

fatigue

●●○○○1.N-UNCOUNT

不可數名詞

疲憊;疲勞;疲倦

Fatigue

isafeelingofextremephysicalormentaltiredness.?Shecontinuedtohaveseverestomachcramps,aches,fatigue,anddepression...她仍然患有嚴重的胃痙攣,感覺疼痛、疲乏、抑郁.

?Clarkesayshisteamcouldhavelastedanother15days

before

fatigue

wouldhavebeguntotakeatoll.克拉克說,他的團隊本來還可以再堅持15天,只是疲勞可能會造成嚴重后果,只好作罷.

外刊例句：Buttheworstofithasfaded,thankstowar

fatigue

andaremarkablyeffective

interventionbyUNpeacekeepers.

()然而,由于戰爭雙方都感到疲倦,而且聯合國調停極其有效,其最糟糕的局面已經告一段落了.

替換表達：excessivefatigue

3-loweredstamina

詞典釋義：stamina['st?m.?.n?]

noun

uncountable

■thephysicaland/ormentalstrengthtodosomethingwhich

mightbedifficultandwhichwilltakealongtime

耐力;耐性;持久力?Thetriathlonisagreattestof

stamina.三項全能運動是對耐力的極大考驗.

外刊例句：Yetfewanimalshaveanelephant's

stamina

orcantravelasfarina

day—provideditswayisnotblocked.

()但幾乎沒有什么動物能像大象那么好耐力,或者說像它們一樣一整天都在奔跑遷移(只要沒有東西阻住它們).

替換表達：lackofendurance/stayingpower

Q：Intake作名詞時不可數,為什么前面要加a?A：intake可以作為單數名詞,因此前面可以加a,例如朗文詞典例句：ahighintakeofcarbohydrates碳水化合物的大量攝入

2.經常選擇禁食,而不是與他們的同學在學生食堂吃飯的大學生可能會被視為不合群,而且他們可能會變得與同齡人格格不入.Collegestudentswhofrequentlyskipmeals,ratherthandiningwiththeirclassmatesinthe

cafeteria(1.學生食堂),maybeviewedas

antisocial

(2.不合群)and

becomealienatedfrom

(3.與……格格不入)theirpeers.

1-cafeteria

詞典釋義：cafeteriaUK

[?k?f.?'t??.ri.?]

US

[-'t?r.i-]

noun

countable

■arestaurant(ofteninafactory,acollegeoranoffice

building)wherepeoplecollectfoodanddrinkfromaservingareaandtakeit

toatablethemselvesafterpayingforit

(常指工廠、大學或辦公大樓內的)自助餐廳,自助食堂

外刊例句：OnFriday,thecouplewereamongabout500

Facebook

cafeteria

workerswho

electedtojoinaunion,UniteHereLocal19.

()在周五,這對夫婦將與約500多名Facebook的飯堂工作人員一同入選為"UniteHereLocal19”工會的一員.

替換表達：canteen/dininghall

2-antisocial

詞典釋義：anti-social

UK

[??n.ti's??.??l]

US

[-t?i'so?-]

adjective

ADVANCED

■harmfultosociety

反社會的;對社會有害的;危害公共利益的

?anti-social

behaviour反社會舉動?Increasingly,smokingisregardedasan

anti-social

habit.越來越多的人把吸煙視為危害公共利益的惡習.

ADVANCED

■oftenavoidingspendingtimewithotherpeople

不愛交際的;厭惡社交的;不合群的?Ihopetheywon'tthinkI'm

anti-social

ifIdon't

jointheminthebar.我希望他們不要因為我不跟他們一起去酒吧,就認為我不合群.

外刊例句：TherehasbeenaheateddebateonTwitter

aboutsucharguably

antisocial

networks,usinganewhashtag,#JerkTech.

()對于像這種反社會網絡,推特上存在著激烈討論,(人們)可以使用符號#JerkTech參與討論.

替換表達：unsociable

學生錯誤表達：(1)dissociable點評：dissociable是指"可分離的;可分開的”,例如：Languageandcognitionarenotdissociable.語言和認知是不可分的.Dissociable用在語境中不合適.(2)unsocial點評：unsocial常見于詞組workunsocialhours,含義是"在非正常時間上班(夜班或早班)”,unsocial用在這里不合適.

3-alienatedfrom

詞典釋義：alienate['e?.li.?.ne?t]

verb

transitive

LOSESUPPORT

失去支持

■tocausesomeoneoragroupofpeopletostopsupporting

andagreeingwithyou

離間;使背離;使不友好?Allthesechangestothenewspaperhave

alienated

itstraditionalreaders.報紙改頭換面疏遠了老讀者.['e?.li.?.ne?t]

verb

transitive

NOTWELCOME

不受歡迎

■tomakesomeonefeelthattheyaredifferentanddonot

belongtoagroup

使格格不入;使疏遠?Disagreementscan

alienate

teenagers

from

theirfamilies.家庭爭吵會使青少年跟家人產生感情裂痕.

外刊例句：Nottinghamishometotwoexcellent

universities,sowhyarepupilsinsomepartsofthecity

alienatedfrom

highereducation?

()諾丁漢有著兩所優秀大學,但為何該城市內某些地區的孩子卻與高等教育漸行漸遠呢?

替換表達：becomeasocialmisfit

學生錯誤表達：become

incompatiblewith點評：incompatible是指因個人性格、品質等原因而與其他人格格不入,例如：Idon'tknowwhytheyevergotmarried.They'retotally

incompatible.我不知道他們為什么結婚,他們根本合不來.而在語境中是指減肥的學生因為不去參加社交活動而與同學疏遠,用incompatible不太合適.

3.一些學生可能會整天惦念著他們每天的減肥效果,這會轉移他們在學術工作上的注意力,讓他們對學習愈發冷淡.Somestudentsmay

developanobsessionwith

(1.整天惦記著……)theirday-to-dayweightlossresults,

divertingthefocusoftheirattentionawayfrom

(2.轉移他們在……上的注意力)theiracademicworkandmakingthemincreasingly

apathetic

(3.冷淡的,無興趣的)towardstheirstudies.

1-developanobsessionwith

詞典釋義：obsession[?b'se?.?n]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

ADVANCED

■somethingorsomeonethatyouthinkaboutallthetime

困擾;無法擺脫的念頭;念念不忘的事(或人)?anunhealthy

obsession

with

death總是想到死的不健康念頭?herchocolate

obsession她對巧克力的癡迷?He'salwayswantedtofindhisnaturalmotherbutrecently

it's

becomean

obsession.他一直想找到自己的生母,但最近這成了他的一塊心病.

外刊例句：Increasingnumbersofyoungpeoplearebeing

admittedtohospitalbecauseofeatingdisorders,figuresshow,withthe

blameinpartbeingputontheriseofsocialmediathathashelped

developanobsessionwith

image.

()數據顯示,越來越多年輕人因為飲食不規律而住院,而矛頭則指向了社交網絡,責備它令孩子整天沉迷于(社交網絡上的)圖片之中.

學生錯誤表達：Thinkabout點評：thinkabout沒有表達出"整天惦記”那一層含義,可以改為developanobsessionwith

2-divertthefocusoftheirattentionaway

from

詞典釋義：TAKE

ATTENTIONAWAY

轉移注意力

■totakesomeone's

attentionawayfromsomething

分散,轉移(注意力)

?Thewarhas

diverted

attention

(away)

from

thecountry'seconomicproblems.戰爭轉移了人們對國家經濟問題的關注.

外刊例句：AsforRussia,associationwithsomeofthe

mostdynamiceconomiesintheworldmayperhaps

divertsomeattentionawayfrom

itsowndecline.()對于俄羅斯而言,與某些世界上最活躍的經濟體為伍或許能分散人們對其經濟下滑的關注.

替換表達：distractthemfrom…

3-apathetic

詞典釋義：apatheticUK

[??p.?'θet.?k]

US

[-'θet?-]

adjective

■showingnointerestorenergy;unwillingtotakeaction,

especiallyoversomethingimportant

無興趣的;懈怠的;(尤指對重要事情)不關心的,無動于衷的

?Youngpeopletodayareso

apathetic

about

politics.現在的年輕人太不關心政治.?Don'tbeso

apathetic

-howareyougoingtogeta

jobifyoudon'tevenwritealetter?

別那么吊兒郎當的,連求職信都不寫,你怎么能找到工作?

外刊例句：EvenwhereaprimaryisclosedtoRepublican

voters,the

apathetic

far

outstrippedtheenthusiastic.

()即便黨內初選與共和黨員息息相關,對此無動于衷的人仍遠比感興趣的人多.

替換表達：uninterested/indifferent

Q：請問老師indifferent和apathetic的區別?A：indifferent和apathetic兩者是近義詞,但indifferent除了"不關心,不在乎”這一層含義外,還有一個意思是"一般的,平庸的”,例如：Wedidn'tliketherestaurantmuch-thefoodwasindifferentand

theserviceratherslow.我們不怎么喜歡這家餐館——飯菜一般,上菜也相當慢.

4.禁食會導致體重增加,而不是減少;身體不攝取食物會導致新陳代謝減緩,進而減弱了身體燃燒脂肪的能力.此外,白天一整天的禁食會導致深夜無可抑制的饑餓感,擾亂人們的睡眠.Skippingmealscancontributetoweightgainratherthanloss;deprivingthebodyoffoodcausesthe

metabolism

(1.新陳代謝)toslowdown,thusreducingone'sabilityto

burnofffat(2.燃燒脂肪).Moreover,skippingmealsthroughoutthedaycanleadtouncontrollable

hungerpangs(3.饑餓感)lateatnight,disruptingpeople'ssleep.

1-metabolism

詞典釋義：metabolism

[m?'t?b.?l.?.z?m]

noun

countable

specialized

■allthechemicalprocessesinyourbody,especiallythose

thatcausefoodtobeusedforenergyandgrowth

新陳代謝?Exerciseissupposedtospeedupyour

metabolism.人們認為運動可加速新陳代謝.

外刊例句：Around

25-30%ofthecaloriesderivedfromproteinareusedupinits

metabolism,()大約25%-30%來自于蛋白質的卡路里用于新陳代謝.

2-burnofffat

詞典釋義：burnoff1.PHRASAL

VERB

短語動詞

消耗;耗費

Ifsomeone

burnsoff

energy,

theyuseit.

【語法信息】：VPn(notpron)

【語法信息】：AlsoVnP?Thiswillimproveyourperformanceandhelpyou

burnoff

calories.這將會改善你的表現,并幫你消耗卡路里.2.PHRASAL

VERB

短語動詞

燒掉;燒除

To

burnoff

something

unwantedmeanstogetridofitbyburningit.

【語法信息】：VPn(notpron)

【語法信息】：AlsoVnP?Thebushfireactuallyhelpedto

burnoff

alotofdeadundergrowth.林區大火實際上有助于清除很多枯死的矮灌木.

外刊例句：Foryearswe'vebeentoldtheonlywayto

burnofffat

isendlesshoursof

aerobicexercise.Butnowresearcherssaythesecretliesin'resistance

training'.()我們一直以來都聽聞,減肥的唯一途徑就是無休止的有氧運動.然而,研究者現在發現,減肥的訣竅在于"抗阻力訓練”.

替換表達：burn/losefat

3-hungerpangs

詞典釋義：pang

●○○○○1.N-COUNT

可數名詞

一陣劇痛;突然而強烈的情感

A

pang

isasudden

strongfeelingoremotion,forexampleofsadnessorpain.?Foramomentshefelta

pang

of

guiltaboutthewayshewastreatinghim.有一陣子,她為自己那樣對他感到內疚.

?...hunger

pangs.陣陣饑餓感

外刊例句：Itturnedoutthatthemilkshakeswerebeing

"hired”by