PAGEPAGE11.因?yàn)榻澈褪褂脺p肥藥物會(huì)帶來(lái)低卡路里攝入量,因此他們?nèi)菀讓?dǎo)致疲勞過(guò)度以及耐力不足.對(duì)于學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),這會(huì)對(duì)他們的學(xué)術(shù)表現(xiàn)帶來(lái)不利影響.Sinceskippingmealsandtakingdietpillsareassociatedwith

alowcaloricintake(1.低卡路里攝入量),theyarelikelytoresultin

increasedfatigue

(2.疲勞過(guò)度)and

loweredstamina(3.耐力不足).Forstudents,thiscanbedetrimentaltotheiracademicperformance.

1-alowcaloricintake

詞典釋義：caloric1.ADJ

形容詞

熱量的

Caloric

meansrelatingtocalories.

【搭配模式】：ADJn?...adaily

caloric

intakeoffrom400to1200calories.日攝取400至1200卡路里的熱量

intake['?n.te?k]

noun

AMOUNT

數(shù)量

uncountable

■theamountofa

particularsubstancewhichiseatenordrunkduringaparticulartime

攝入量?Itsaysonthepacketthatfourslicesofthisbread

containsonehalfofyourrecommended

daily

intake

of

fibre.包裝上寫著四片這種面包就包含了建議的每天纖維攝取量的一半.

外刊例句：

Byrecentgovernmentorder,municipalrations

willbeexpandedfurtherbecauseofrisingincidenceofchildrenfaintingat

schooldueto

lowcalorieintake.()政府近日下令進(jìn)一步增加城市糧食配給,因?yàn)樵絹?lái)越多兒童猶如能量攝入不足而暈倒.

替換表達(dá)：alowcalorie/energyintake

2-increasedfatigue

詞典釋義：increased

adjective

：

subjectedtoaugmentation

：

madeorbecomegreater

<

increased

timeforstudy>

<the

increased

wealthofthenation>

fatigue

●●○○○1.N-UNCOUNT

不可數(shù)名詞

疲憊;疲勞;疲倦

Fatigue

isafeelingofextremephysicalormentaltiredness.?Shecontinuedtohaveseverestomachcramps,aches,fatigue,anddepression...她仍然患有嚴(yán)重的胃痙攣,感覺(jué)疼痛、疲乏、抑郁.

?Clarkesayshisteamcouldhavelastedanother15days

before

fatigue

wouldhavebeguntotakeatoll.克拉克說(shuō),他的團(tuán)隊(duì)本來(lái)還可以再堅(jiān)持15天,只是疲勞可能會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重后果,只好作罷.

外刊例句：Buttheworstofithasfaded,thankstowar

fatigue

andaremarkablyeffective

interventionbyUNpeacekeepers.

()然而,由于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)雙方都感到疲倦,而且聯(lián)合國(guó)調(diào)停極其有效,其最糟糕的局面已經(jīng)告一段落了.

替換表達(dá)：excessivefatigue

3-loweredstamina

詞典釋義：stamina['st?m.?.n?]

noun

uncountable

■thephysicaland/ormentalstrengthtodosomethingwhich

mightbedifficultandwhichwilltakealongtime

耐力;耐性;持久力?Thetriathlonisagreattestof

stamina.三項(xiàng)全能運(yùn)動(dòng)是對(duì)耐力的極大考驗(yàn).

外刊例句：Yetfewanimalshaveanelephant's

stamina

orcantravelasfarina

day—provideditswayisnotblocked.

()但幾乎沒(méi)有什么動(dòng)物能像大象那么好耐力,或者說(shuō)像它們一樣一整天都在奔跑遷移(只要沒(méi)有東西阻住它們).

替換表達(dá)：lackofendurance/stayingpower

Q：Intake作名詞時(shí)不可數(shù),為什么前面要加a?A：intake可以作為單數(shù)名詞,因此前面可以加a,例如朗文詞典例句：ahighintakeofcarbohydrates碳水化合物的大量攝入

2.經(jīng)常選擇禁食,而不是與他們的同學(xué)在學(xué)生食堂吃飯的大學(xué)生可能會(huì)被視為不合群,而且他們可能會(huì)變得與同齡人格格不入.Collegestudentswhofrequentlyskipmeals,ratherthandiningwiththeirclassmatesinthe

cafeteria(1.學(xué)生食堂),maybeviewedas

antisocial

(2.不合群)and

becomealienatedfrom

(3.與……格格不入)theirpeers.

1-cafeteria

詞典釋義：cafeteriaUK

[?k?f.?'t??.ri.?]

US

[-'t?r.i-]

noun

countable

■arestaurant(ofteninafactory,acollegeoranoffice

building)wherepeoplecollectfoodanddrinkfromaservingareaandtakeit

toatablethemselvesafterpayingforit

(常指工廠、大學(xué)或辦公大樓內(nèi)的)自助餐廳,自助食堂

外刊例句：OnFriday,thecouplewereamongabout500

Facebook

cafeteria

workerswho

electedtojoinaunion,UniteHereLocal19.

()在周五,這對(duì)夫婦將與約500多名Facebook的飯?zhí)霉ぷ魅藛T一同入選為"UniteHereLocal19”工會(huì)的一員.

替換表達(dá)：canteen/dininghall

2-antisocial

詞典釋義：anti-social

UK

[??n.ti's??.??l]

US

[-t?i'so?-]

adjective

ADVANCED

■harmfultosociety

反社會(huì)的;對(duì)社會(huì)有害的;危害公共利益的

?anti-social

behaviour反社會(huì)舉動(dòng)?Increasingly,smokingisregardedasan

anti-social

habit.越來(lái)越多的人把吸煙視為危害公共利益的惡習(xí).

ADVANCED

■oftenavoidingspendingtimewithotherpeople

不愛(ài)交際的;厭惡社交的;不合群的?Ihopetheywon'tthinkI'm

anti-social

ifIdon't

jointheminthebar.我希望他們不要因?yàn)槲也桓麄円黄鹑ゾ瓢?就認(rèn)為我不合群.

外刊例句：TherehasbeenaheateddebateonTwitter

aboutsucharguably

antisocial

networks,usinganewhashtag,#JerkTech.

()對(duì)于像這種反社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò),推特上存在著激烈討論,(人們)可以使用符號(hào)#JerkTech參與討論.

替換表達(dá)：unsociable

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)dissociable點(diǎn)評(píng)：dissociable是指"可分離的;可分開(kāi)的”,例如：Languageandcognitionarenotdissociable.語(yǔ)言和認(rèn)知是不可分的.Dissociable用在語(yǔ)境中不合適.(2)unsocial點(diǎn)評(píng)：unsocial常見(jiàn)于詞組workunsocialhours,含義是"在非正常時(shí)間上班(夜班或早班)”,unsocial用在這里不合適.

3-alienatedfrom

詞典釋義：alienate['e?.li.?.ne?t]

verb

transitive

LOSESUPPORT

失去支持

■tocausesomeoneoragroupofpeopletostopsupporting

andagreeingwithyou

離間;使背離;使不友好?Allthesechangestothenewspaperhave

alienated

itstraditionalreaders.報(bào)紙改頭換面疏遠(yuǎn)了老讀者.['e?.li.?.ne?t]

verb

transitive

NOTWELCOME

不受歡迎

■tomakesomeonefeelthattheyaredifferentanddonot

belongtoagroup

使格格不入;使疏遠(yuǎn)?Disagreementscan

alienate

teenagers

from

theirfamilies.家庭爭(zhēng)吵會(huì)使青少年跟家人產(chǎn)生感情裂痕.

外刊例句：Nottinghamishometotwoexcellent

universities,sowhyarepupilsinsomepartsofthecity

alienatedfrom

highereducation?

()諾丁漢有著兩所優(yōu)秀大學(xué),但為何該城市內(nèi)某些地區(qū)的孩子卻與高等教育漸行漸遠(yuǎn)呢?

替換表達(dá)：becomeasocialmisfit

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：become

incompatiblewith點(diǎn)評(píng)：incompatible是指因個(gè)人性格、品質(zhì)等原因而與其他人格格不入,例如：Idon'tknowwhytheyevergotmarried.They'retotally

incompatible.我不知道他們?yōu)槭裁唇Y(jié)婚,他們根本合不來(lái).而在語(yǔ)境中是指減肥的學(xué)生因?yàn)椴蝗⒓由缃换顒?dòng)而與同學(xué)疏遠(yuǎn),用incompatible不太合適.

3.一些學(xué)生可能會(huì)整天惦念著他們每天的減肥效果,這會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)移他們?cè)趯W(xué)術(shù)工作上的注意力,讓他們對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)愈發(fā)冷淡.Somestudentsmay

developanobsessionwith

(1.整天惦記著……)theirday-to-dayweightlossresults,

divertingthefocusoftheirattentionawayfrom

(2.轉(zhuǎn)移他們?cè)凇系淖⒁饬?theiracademicworkandmakingthemincreasingly

apathetic

(3.冷淡的,無(wú)興趣的)towardstheirstudies.

1-developanobsessionwith

詞典釋義：obsession[?b'se?.?n]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

ADVANCED

■somethingorsomeonethatyouthinkaboutallthetime

困擾;無(wú)法擺脫的念頭;念念不忘的事(或人)?anunhealthy

obsession

with

death總是想到死的不健康念頭?herchocolate

obsession她對(duì)巧克力的癡迷?He'salwayswantedtofindhisnaturalmotherbutrecently

it's

becomean

obsession.他一直想找到自己的生母,但最近這成了他的一塊心病.

外刊例句：Increasingnumbersofyoungpeoplearebeing

admittedtohospitalbecauseofeatingdisorders,figuresshow,withthe

blameinpartbeingputontheriseofsocialmediathathashelped

developanobsessionwith

image.

()數(shù)據(jù)顯示,越來(lái)越多年輕人因?yàn)轱嬍巢灰?guī)律而住院,而矛頭則指向了社交網(wǎng)絡(luò),責(zé)備它令孩子整天沉迷于(社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的)圖片之中.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Thinkabout點(diǎn)評(píng)：thinkabout沒(méi)有表達(dá)出"整天惦記”那一層含義,可以改為developanobsessionwith

2-divertthefocusoftheirattentionaway

from

詞典釋義：TAKE

ATTENTIONAWAY

轉(zhuǎn)移注意力

■totakesomeone's

attentionawayfromsomething

分散,轉(zhuǎn)移(注意力)

?Thewarhas

diverted

attention

(away)

from

thecountry'seconomicproblems.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)轉(zhuǎn)移了人們對(duì)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題的關(guān)注.

外刊例句：AsforRussia,associationwithsomeofthe

mostdynamiceconomiesintheworldmayperhaps

divertsomeattentionawayfrom

itsowndecline.()對(duì)于俄羅斯而言,與某些世界上最活躍的經(jīng)濟(jì)體為伍或許能分散人們對(duì)其經(jīng)濟(jì)下滑的關(guān)注.

替換表達(dá)：distractthemfrom…

3-apathetic

詞典釋義：apatheticUK

[??p.?'θet.?k]

US

[-'θet?-]

adjective

■showingnointerestorenergy;unwillingtotakeaction,

especiallyoversomethingimportant

無(wú)興趣的;懈怠的;(尤指對(duì)重要事情)不關(guān)心的,無(wú)動(dòng)于衷的

?Youngpeopletodayareso

apathetic

about

politics.現(xiàn)在的年輕人太不關(guān)心政治.?Don'tbeso

apathetic

-howareyougoingtogeta

jobifyoudon'tevenwritealetter?

別那么吊兒郎當(dāng)?shù)?連求職信都不寫,你怎么能找到工作?

外刊例句：EvenwhereaprimaryisclosedtoRepublican

voters,the

apathetic

far

outstrippedtheenthusiastic.

()即便黨內(nèi)初選與共和黨員息息相關(guān),對(duì)此無(wú)動(dòng)于衷的人仍遠(yuǎn)比感興趣的人多.

替換表達(dá)：uninterested/indifferent

Q：請(qǐng)問(wèn)老師indifferent和apathetic的區(qū)別?A：indifferent和apathetic兩者是近義詞,但indifferent除了"不關(guān)心,不在乎”這一層含義外,還有一個(gè)意思是"一般的,平庸的”,例如：Wedidn'tliketherestaurantmuch-thefoodwasindifferentand

theserviceratherslow.我們不怎么喜歡這家餐館——飯菜一般,上菜也相當(dāng)慢.

4.禁食會(huì)導(dǎo)致體重增加,而不是減少;身體不攝取食物會(huì)導(dǎo)致新陳代謝減緩,進(jìn)而減弱了身體燃燒脂肪的能力.此外,白天一整天的禁食會(huì)導(dǎo)致深夜無(wú)可抑制的饑餓感,擾亂人們的睡眠.Skippingmealscancontributetoweightgainratherthanloss;deprivingthebodyoffoodcausesthe

metabolism

(1.新陳代謝)toslowdown,thusreducingone'sabilityto

burnofffat(2.燃燒脂肪).Moreover,skippingmealsthroughoutthedaycanleadtouncontrollable

hungerpangs(3.饑餓感)lateatnight,disruptingpeople'ssleep.

1-metabolism

詞典釋義：metabolism

[m?'t?b.?l.?.z?m]

noun

countable

specialized

■allthechemicalprocessesinyourbody,especiallythose

thatcausefoodtobeusedforenergyandgrowth

新陳代謝?Exerciseissupposedtospeedupyour

metabolism.人們認(rèn)為運(yùn)動(dòng)可加速新陳代謝.

外刊例句：Around

25-30%ofthecaloriesderivedfromproteinareusedupinits

metabolism,()大約25%-30%來(lái)自于蛋白質(zhì)的卡路里用于新陳代謝.

2-burnofffat

詞典釋義：burnoff1.PHRASAL

VERB

短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

消耗;耗費(fèi)

Ifsomeone

burnsoff

energy,

theyuseit.

【語(yǔ)法信息】：VPn(notpron)

【語(yǔ)法信息】：AlsoVnP?Thiswillimproveyourperformanceandhelpyou

burnoff

calories.這將會(huì)改善你的表現(xiàn),并幫你消耗卡路里.2.PHRASAL

VERB

短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

燒掉;燒除

To

burnoff

something

unwantedmeanstogetridofitbyburningit.

【語(yǔ)法信息】：VPn(notpron)

【語(yǔ)法信息】：AlsoVnP?Thebushfireactuallyhelpedto

burnoff

alotofdeadundergrowth.林區(qū)大火實(shí)際上有助于清除很多枯死的矮灌木.

外刊例句：Foryearswe'vebeentoldtheonlywayto

burnofffat

isendlesshoursof

aerobicexercise.Butnowresearcherssaythesecretliesin'resistance

training'.()我們一直以來(lái)都聽(tīng)聞,減肥的唯一途徑就是無(wú)休止的有氧運(yùn)動(dòng).然而,研究者現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn),減肥的訣竅在于"抗阻力訓(xùn)練”.

替換表達(dá)：burn/losefat

3-hungerpangs

詞典釋義：pang

●○○○○1.N-COUNT

可數(shù)名詞

一陣劇痛;突然而強(qiáng)烈的情感

A

pang

isasudden

strongfeelingoremotion,forexampleofsadnessorpain.?Foramomentshefelta

pang

of

guiltaboutthewayshewastreatinghim.有一陣子,她為自己那樣對(duì)他感到內(nèi)疚.

?...hunger

pangs.陣陣饑餓感

外刊例句：Itturnedoutthatthemilkshakeswerebeing

"hired”by