PAGEPAGE11.人工智能正以驚人的速度發展,但與此同時,我們要密切關注它,以防止其失控.Artificialintelligenceisadvancing

atabreathlesspace(1.以驚人的速度發展),butatthesametime,weshouldwatchitcarefully

incase(2.以防)it

getsoutofhand(3.失控).

1-advanceatabreathlesspace

詞典釋義：advanceUK

[?d'vɑ：nts]

US

[-'v?nts]

verb

GOFORWARD

前進

ADVANCED

intransitive

or

transitive

■togoormovesomethingforward,ortodeveloporimprovesomething

(使)前進;使進步,使進展;使發展;促進?Thefire

advanced

steadilythroughtheforest.大火在森林中不斷蔓延.?Thetroopsadvanced

on

thecity(=approachedit,readytoattack).軍隊向該城推進.?Wehave

advanced

greatlyinourknowledgeoftheuniverse.在認識宇宙方面,我們已經取得長足的進步.?Herstudyhasconsiderablyadvanced

(=helped)the

causeofequalrights.她的研究極大地促進了權利平等運動的事業.?He'sjusttryingto

advance

(=improve)hisown

career.他只是在努力發展自己的事業.

breathless2.ADJ

形容詞

令人喘不過氣的

Youuse

breathless

foremphasis

whenyouaredescribingfeelingsofexcitementorexcitingsituations.

【搭配模式】：ADJn

【語用信息】：emphasis?Technologyhasadvancedata

breathless

pace.技術進步速度驚人,日新月異.?...the

breathless

excitementofearly1988,whenhundredsand

thousandsofcitizensgatherednightlyforpoliticalmeetings.1988年年初,興奮與狂熱的情緒令人窒息,成百上千的市民每晚聚在一起參加政治集會

外刊例句：Chileisthemostdynamic,withitsproducersexploringnew

grapevarieties,stylesandsites

ata

breathlesspace,whileArgentinahasbeenconsolidatingitstraditional

strength：malbec.

()智利充滿活力,其葡萄生產商正以驚人速度開發各種味道不一、體型各異的新品種葡萄,而阿根廷則一直在強化其傳統優勢品種：馬爾貝克.

替換表達：advance/growataphenomenalrate

學生錯誤表達：(1)

Ina

surprisingspeed點評：inaspeed應該改為ataspeed(2)

Atan

alarmingspeed點評：alarming是指"令人擔憂的,令人恐懼的”,語言色彩在語境中不恰當.

2-incase(that)...

外刊例句：Incasethat

isnottough

enough,therewillbesticksandcarrotsforgovernmentstomakesurethey

takepeopleback.

()政府以防該方案不夠嚴厲,將對群眾軟硬兼施,確保能控制住他們.

3-getoutofhand

詞典釋義：4.

getoutofhand

ifasituationorpersongetsoutofhand,they

becomeimpossibletocontrolanylonger失控：?Thedemonstration

wasgettingoutofhand.示威游行開始失控.

例句：TheFedisrighttothinkthatitisbettertoslowthe

economygraduallythanbeforcedtobringittoascreechinghaltlater,if

wageandpricerises

getoutofhand.

()美聯儲并沒有想錯：讓經濟逐步放緩總好過以后因為薪水和物價上漲失控而被迫給經濟"急剎車”,引起民怨.

替換表達：getoutofcontrol

2.因為我們正處于在機器學習上取得突破的邊緣,人們對于機器翻譯是否會終結傳統翻譯業務有很多討論.Asweare

onthebrinkof

(1.處于……的邊緣)breakthroughsinmachinelearning,

thereismuchtalkabout

(2.對于……有很多討論)whethermachinetranslationwill

spelltheendof(3.終結……)traditionaltranslationbusinesses.

1-onthebrinkof

詞典釋義：brink

●●○○○1.N-SING

單數名詞

邊緣

Ifyouare

onthebrinkof

something,usuallysomethingimportant,terrible,orexciting,youarejust

abouttodoitorexperienceit.

【搭配模式】：usuon/to/fromtheNofn?Theireconomyisteeteringonthe

brink

ofcollapse...他們的經濟徘徊在崩潰的邊緣.

?Failuretocommunicatehadbroughtthetwonationstothe

brink

ofwar.溝通不暢使這兩個國家瀕于戰爭的邊緣.

外刊例句：In2017,16millionpeopleare

onthebrinkof

starvationanddesperatelyinneedoffood,water

andmedicaltreatment.

()1600萬人民在2017年徘徊在餓死的邊緣,極度缺乏食物、水和醫療措施.

替換表達：beonthevergeofsomething

學生錯誤表達：(1)

ontherimof點評：rim是指圓形物體的邊緣,ontherimofsomething不可用來指"處于……的邊緣”,這里可以改為beontheverge/brinkofsomething(2)

onthemargin

of點評：onthemargin是指"處于邊緣地位,處于非主體地位(意為無權無勢,缺乏影響力)”,例如：unemployedyouthslivingonthemarginsofsociety生活在社會邊緣的失業青年,短語用在此處不合適.(3)

ontheedge

ofsomething點評：ontheedgeof

something一般指"(處于壞事的)邊緣,臨界點”,例如：Theyhavedriventhe

rhinototheedgeofextinction.他們已經令犀牛瀕臨滅絕.用在語境中不合適.

2-thereismuchtalkabout注意這里talk是不可數名詞.

詞典釋義：talk3.usedasanuncountablenounIfthereistalkaboutsomething,peopleare

discussingit.Therewasalotof

talkabout

me

gettingmarried.

■rumour,gossip,orspeculation

謠言,說法

thereistalkofanarmistice.

有休戰的傳言.Hearsay,rumor,orspeculation：傳聞、謠言或猜測：Thereistalkof

bankruptcy.有傳聞說要破產

外刊例句：Thereismuchtalkabout

subsidiesfor

high-speedbroadband,butothercausesaremoredeserving.

()關于高速寬帶導致自殺的討論絡繹不絕,但其實其他原因更值得討論.

3-spelltheendof

詞典釋義：spell3.VERB

動詞

意味著,招致(常常是不愉快的結果)

Ifsomething

spells

aparticularresult,oftenanunpleasantone,itsuggeststhat

thiswillbetheresult.

【語法信息】：Vn

【搭配模式】：nocont?Iftheirrigationplangoesahead,itcould

spell

disasterforthebirds...如果灌溉計劃開始實施,它可能會給鳥類帶來災難.

?Areporthasjustarrivedongovernmentdeskswhich

spellsmoretrouble.剛剛有一份報告被送到政府手中,這意味著將要出現更多的麻煩.

?

end

Moreover,suchamovewouldprobably

spell

the

end

ofthe

Greens'dayinthepoliticalsun.

Thesenewrules

spell

the

end

ofjobsaswehaveknownthem.

NotonlywasthedeathofDiegothecauseofpersonalsorrow,italso

spelled

the

end

ofhisfamilyline.

Theincreasemay

spell

the

end

tomorethanayearofintense

pricecompetitionintheindustry,analystssaid.

Sterilityitselfcannotbeselectedfor,assuccesswould

spell

the

automatic

end

ofthelineinvolved.

外刊例句：Thepopularityofvegetarianism

spellstheendof

40yearsofthedistinctiverestaurantchain,

writesSimonRogers.

()西蒙·羅杰斯寫道,素食主義盛行,將給40年來與眾不同的餐飲連鎖業敲響喪鐘.

替換表達：putanendtosth、deal/beadeathblowto

sth

學生錯誤表達：(1)

takethe

placeof/replace點評：taketheplaceof含義是"代替,取代”,不能用來表示"終結”的意思.(2)

supersede點評：supersede含義是"替代,取代(尤指陳舊或過時之物)”,用在這里不合適.3.因為擔心電子商務會使線下實體商業過時,很多傳統公司開始升級它們的服務,并且與消費者建立更加緊密的聯系.Fearingthate-commercemightsoon

render

(1.使得……)brick-and-mortar

(2.實體的)businessesobsolete,manytraditionalcompaniesbegintoupgradetheirservicesand

forgecloserlinkswith(3.與……建立緊密的聯系)customers.

1-rendersth.adjadj這里作賓語sth的補足語,注意adj不可以換成tobeadj的形式.

詞典釋義：renderUK

['ren.d?r]

US

[-d?]

verb

transitive

CAUSE

引起

formal

■tocausesomeoneorsomethingtobeinaparticularstate

使成為;使變得;使處于某種狀態?[+adj]Hisrudeness

rendered

me

speechless.他的粗暴無禮讓我啞口無言.?Newtechnologyhas

rendered

myoldcomputer

obsolete.新技術發展太快,我的舊電腦已經過時了.

外刊例句：PartsofChina,Indiaand

theeasternUScouldallbecometoowarminsummerforpeopletoloseheatby

sweating—rendering

suchareaseffectivelyuninhabitable.()中國部分地區、印度和美國東部地區的夏天實在太熱了,人們汗如雨下——在此影響下,這些地區幾乎無法居住.

替換表達：makesthadj/causesthtobeadj

2-brick-and-mortar

詞典釋義：brick-and-mortar

AHD：

[brīk??nd-m?r?t?r]

D.J.

[?bra?k?nd?m??t?]

K.K.

[?bra?k?nd?m?rt?]adj.(形容詞)Locatedorservingconsumersinaphysical

facilityasdistinctfromprovidingremote,especiallyonline,services：磚塊與石灰的,傳統的：位于實物設施中的或在實物設施中為消費者提供服務的,與遠距離服務(尤指在線服務)不同：brick-and-mortar

classrooms;abrick-and-mortarbookstore.傳統教室;傳統書店

brick-and-mortar

adjective

or

bricks-and-mortar

Date：

1992

：

relatingtoorbeingatraditionalbusinessservingcustomersinabuilding

ascontrastedtoanonlinebusiness

<a

brick-and-mortar

store>

外刊例句：Bankslongseenas

brick-and-mortar

enthusiasts,suchasJPMorganChase,haveannouncedretrenchmentplans.

()像摩根大通等銀行似乎是傳統業務的愛好者,他們宣布了一項開支緊縮計劃.

3-forgecloserlinkswith

詞典釋義：forge

●●○○○1.V-RECIP

相互動詞

締造;建立

Ifonepersonorinstitution

forges

anagreementorrelationshipwithanother,theycreateitwitha

lotofhardwork,hopingthatitwillbestrongorlasting.

【語法信息】：Vnwithn

【語法信息】：pl-nVn

【語法信息】：NON-RECIP：Vnbetweenpl-n

【語法信息】：Vn?ThePrimeMinisterisdeterminedto

forge

agoodrelationshipwithAmerica'snewleader...首相決意要和美國的新任領導人建立良好的關系.?Theyagreedto

forge

closereconomicties...他們同意建立更加緊密的經濟聯系.

?Theprogrammeaimsto

forge

linksbetweenhighereducationandsmallbusinesses...這個項目旨在為高等教育和小企業之間建立聯系.?TheCommunitywastryingto

forge

a

commonforeignandsecuritypolicy.這個共同體試圖形成共同的外交和安全政策.

?

links

Partnerships-Howto

forge

moreformal

links

withyourforeign

counterpartsforjointventures.

Thatgroupishelpingto

forge

stronger

links

between

mainstreamandcomplementaryapproachestopromotinghealthandmanaging

illness.

TheEducationSub-Grouphas

forged

links

withschoolsof

architectureandpractitioners.

Theseorganizationsplayedadecisiverolein

forging

patient

links

withtheoutsideworld.

Theyatleastareawareofthepotentialofrelationshipsbetweenthe

differentlevelsandmaybe

forging

someco-operative

links

betweenthem.

外刊例句：Inaninauspicioussignfor"Empire2.0”,thenickname

Britishofficialsusefortheirplanto

forge

closerlinkswith

theCommonwealth,thevastmajorityofBritain’sformer

coloniesbackedMauritiusorabstained.

()大多數英國的前殖民地國家因為"帝國2.0”計劃(英國官員為了聽起來與英聯邦有更深聯系而提的計劃名字)前景暗淡,決定支持毛里求斯或者是放棄投票.

替換表達：establishstronglinkswith

學生錯誤表達：(1)

Maketighter

contactwith點評：makecontactwith含義是"與……取得聯系”,例如：We'dliketomakecontactwithotherschoolsinthearea.我們想和這個地區的其他學校取得聯絡.短語用在語境中不準確.

Q：老師,當我不知道"實體商業”怎么表達的時候,而句子里面又出現了"電子商務”,那traditional

business/traditionalone可以表達出與新興的電子商務相對應的傳統的"實體經濟”嗎?謝謝老師!A：可以,traditionalbusiness可以表示與online

business相對應的"實體經濟”.

Q：實體商業entitybusinesses對不對?A：不對,不可以按照中文字面意思照翻過去,應該改為brick-and-mortarbusiness

Q：字典上顯示是"bricks-and-mortar”,"brick”后面的"s”到底要不要加呢?A：brick-and-mortar或者bricks-and-mortar兩個都可以.

4.一些行為學專家指出電子游戲實際上在游戲者的腦海中演練了暴力行為,所以當在現實生活中遇到相似的情景時這些游戲者自己就更可能使用暴力.Somebehaviouralexpertshave

raisedtheideathat(1.指出……)videogames

effectively

(2.實際上)rehearse

(3.演練)violentbehaviourinthemindofthegamer,sowhenfacedwith

(4.遇到……)similarsituationsinreallifethesegamersaremorelikelytouseviolencethemselves.

1-raisetheideathat

詞典釋義：raise11.VERB

動詞

提起,提出(問題、反對等)

Ifyou

raise

asubject,

anobjection,oraquestion,youmentionitorbringittosomeone's

attention.

【語法信息】：Vn?InthemeetingMrs.Ashrawi

raised

thethreemainconcernsthatthePalestinianshad...會議上,阿什拉維夫人提出了巴勒斯坦人最為關注的三個問題.?Hehadbeenconsultedandhad

raised

noobjections.事先征求了他的意見,他并沒有提出異議.

外刊例句：Ingettingtheliberalelitestoengageinadiscussionon

thecausesofsocialproblemsorto

raise

theideathat

thepoorcanhelpthemselves,Magnethasfrequentlybeen

brandedabigot.

()莫里因為讓開明精英階層討論起社會問題的根源,提出認為窮人能自救的想法,經常被認為是個老頑固.

替換表達：arguethat/pointout

2-effectively

詞典釋義：effectively

●●○○○1.ADV

副詞

其實;實際上

Youuse

effectively

witha

statementoropiniontoindicatethatitisnotaccurateineverydetail,but

thatyoufeelitisareasonabledescriptionorsummaryofaparticular

situation.

【搭配模式】：usuADVbeforev?This

effectively

meansthatthegovernmentdoesnotagreewith

theproposals...這實際上就意味著政府不贊同這些提議.?Theregionwas

effectively

independent.該地區實際上是獨立的.

外刊例句：Inaddition,theUSanditsregionalallies-withBritish

backing-regularlyconductair,landandseaexerciseswhich

effectively

rehearseanuclearattack

onthenorthfollowedupbyafull-scaleinvasion.

()此外,美國及其該區域的盟友,在英國的協助下,定期進行海陸空演戲,這有效地練習了如何影響北部遭受核打擊及大規模入侵.

替換表達：actually/ineffect

3-rehearse

詞典釋義：rehearse

●○○○○1.VERB

動詞

排練,演練,預演(戲劇、舞蹈或音樂作品)

Whenpeople

rehearse

aplay,dance,orpieceofmusic,theypractiseitinorderto

prepareforaperformance.

【語法信息】：Vn

【語法信息】：Vforn

【語法信息】：V?AgroupofactorsarerehearsingaplayaboutJoanof

Arc...一群演員正在排演一出關于圣女貞德的戲.?Tensofthousandsofpeoplehavebeenrehearsingforthe

openingceremonyintheworkers'stadium...數萬人一直在工人體育館為開幕式進行排練.

?Thecastandcrewwereonlygiventhreeandahalfweeks

to

rehearse.演員和劇組工作人員只有3個半星期的時間進行排練.

外刊例句：Inthefuture,everybighospitalcouldhaveaStar

Trek-styleholodeckwheresurgeonscouldplanand

rehearse

complexoperationsona3Dprojectionofthepatient.()所以大醫院在未來都會設有像星際迷航般的holodeck,手術醫務人員可以在那里用病人的3D模型先設計和操練復雜的手術.

替換表達：practise

4-whenfacedwith當我們說某人面臨某事時,既可以說somebodyisfacedwithsomething,也可以說somebody

facessomething

詞典釋義：face4.VERB

動詞

面臨;面對;擺在…面前

Ifyou

face

or

arefaced

withsomethingdifficultorunpleasant,orifit

faces

you,itis

goingtoaffectyouandyouhavetodealwithit.

【語法信息】：Vn

【語法信息】：beV-edwithn?Williams

faceslifeinprisonifconvictedofattempted

murder...如被判謀殺未遂,威廉斯將面臨終身監禁.?TheimmensedifficultiesfacingEuropeanbusinessmenin

Russiawereonlytooevident...在俄羅斯的歐洲商人所面臨的巨大困難是顯而易見的.

?Weare

facedwithaseriousproblem.我們面臨著一個嚴重問題.

外刊例句：Civilsocietyremainsstrong,andthegovernmentresponds

topublicpressure：lastyearitbackeddownfromastrictabortionlaw

whenfacedwith

massiveprotests.()公民社會依舊影響力十足,政府得對公眾壓力做出回答：政府于去年因為面臨著大量抗議,它撤銷了一項嚴厲的墮胎法案.

替換表達：whenconfrontedwith/by,whendealingwith

學生錯誤表達：(1)

occur點評：occur是指"事情發生”,例如：Theexplosionoc