超聲檢測工藝規程(鍛件）ISO97121目的為使超聲波檢測時其全過程的操作規范化，能正確反映產品質量制定本操作規程。1Purpose.Inordertostandardizetheoperationofthewholeprocessofultrasonicdetectionandcorrectlyreflecttheproductquality.2適用范圍2.1本標準適用于鐵素體-馬氏體鋼鍛件、奧氏體和奧氏體-鐵素體不銹鋼鍛件超聲脈沖反射式手工檢測方法。供需雙方協商后也可使用液浸法檢測的機械化掃查方法。其他組織的鍛件也可參照使用。2scopeofapplication2.1Thisstandardisapplicabletotheultrasonicpulsereflectivemanualdetectionmethodofferrite-martensitesteelforgings,austeniteandaustenite-ferritestainlesssteelforgings.Themechanizedscanningmethodofliquidimmersiondetectioncanalsobeusedafternegotiation.Forgingsforotherorganizationsarealsoavailablebyreference.3引用標準3Quotationcriteria3.1GB/T5616-2006

無損檢測應用導則GB/T5616-2006nondestructivetesting,guidelinesforapplication3.2ISO9712-2021

無損檢測人員資格鑒定與認證ISO9712-2021QualificationandcertificationofNDTpersonnel3.3GB/T9445-2005

無損檢測人員資格鑒定與認證GB/T9445-2005

QualificationandcertificationofNDTpersonnel3.4GB/T6402-2008

鋼鍛件超聲檢測方法GB/T6402-2008,ultrasonicdetectionmethodforsteelforgings3.5EN10228-3

鐵素體、馬氏體鋼鍛件超聲檢測EN10228-3ultrasonicdetectionofferriteandmartensiticsteelforgings3.6JB/T9214

A型脈沖反射式超聲探傷系統工作性能測試方法TestperformanceofJB/T9214Apulsereflectionultrasonicdetectionsystem3.7EN12668-1

超聲檢驗設備的特性與認證EN12668-1Characteristicsandcertificationofultrasonicinspectionequipment3.1JB/T10061

A型脈沖反射式超聲波探傷儀器通用方法條件EN12668-1Characteristicsandcertificationofultrasonicinspectionequipment3

quotedstandardGB/T5616-2006nondestructivetesting,guidelinesforapplicationISO9712-2021QualificationandcertificationofNDTpersonnelGB/T9445-2005GB/T6402-2008,ultrasonicdetectionmethodforsteelforgingsEN10228-3ultrasonicdetectionofferriteandmartensiticsteelforgingsTestperformanceofJB/T9214ApulsereflectionultrasonicdetectionsystemEN12668-1CharacteristicsandcertificationofultrasonicinspectionequipmentGeneralmethodconditionsofJB/T10061Apulsereflectionultrasonicflawdetectioninstrument4．人員資格要求

Personnelqualificationrequirements4.1.無損檢測人員的資格評定應按照ISO9712標準規定取得相應的級別無損檢測資格外部證書。

4.2NDTUT-I級可在NDTUT-II級人員指導下，可進行相關檢測。4.3不得有色盲和色弱，其近距離視力或近距離矯正視力應不低于5.0（小數記錄值為1.0）,的近距離視力敏銳度。檢測員每年進行視力檢查.4.1.ThequalificationassessmentoftheNDTpersonnelshallobtainthecorrespondinglevelofNDTqualificationexternalcertificateaccordingtotheISO9712standard.4.2NDTUT-IcanbetestedundertheguidanceofNDTUT-IIpersonnel.4.3Nocolorblindnessandcolorweakness,itsnearvisionornearcorrectedvisionshouldbenolessthan5.0(decimalrecordedvalueof1.0),closevisionacuity.Theinspectorperformsanannualvisualexamination.5檢測器材5Testingequipment5.1超聲波檢測儀器要求5.1Requirementsforultrasonicdetectioninstruments5.1.1采用A型脈沖反射式超聲波探傷儀，其工作頻率范圍為1MHz～6MHz，儀器至少在熒光屏滿刻度的80%范圍內呈線性顯示。探傷儀應具有80dB以上的連續可調衰減器（增益），步進級每檔不大于2dB，其精度為任意相鄰12dB誤差在±1dB以內，最大累計誤差不超過1dB。水平線性誤差不大于2%，垂直線性誤差不大于3%。5.1.1Atypepulsereflectionultrasonicflawdetectorwiththeoperatingfrequencyrangeof1MHzto6MHzandlineardisplayoftheinstrumentwithinatleast80%ofthefullscale.Theflawdetectorshallhaveacontinuousadjustableattenuator(gain)above80dB,nomorethan2dB,withtheaccuracyofanyadjacent12dBerror5.1.1Atypepulsereflectionultrasonicflawdetectorwiththeoperatingfrequencyrangeof1MHzto6MHzandlineardisplayoftheinstrumentwithinatleast80%ofthefullscale.Theflawdetectorshallhaveacontinuousadjustableattenuator(gain)above80dB,nomorethan2dB,withtheaccuracyofanyadjacent12dBerror5.1.2具有資質機構出的超聲波儀器性能測試報告，報告有效期不大于12個月。5.1.2Performancetestreportissuedbyqualifiedinstitutionsisnomorethan12months.5.2探頭選擇5.2Probeselection5.2.1檢測頻率5.2.1DetectionFrequency檢測頻率選擇1MHz～6MHz。初始檢測應盡可能選擇較低的檢測頻率。如有需要，可以選擇較高的檢測頻率，以改善探頭的分辨力。Thedetectionfrequencywasselectedfrom1MHzto6MHz.Initialtestingshouldbeselectedaslowaspossible.Ifnecessary,higherdetectionfrequenciescanbeselectedtoimprovetheproberesolution.5.2.2校準試塊5.2.2Calibrationtestblock校準試塊應符合GB/T19799.1的要求。ThecalibrationtestblockshallcomplywiththerequirementsofGB/T19799.1.5.2.3晶片尺寸5.2.3Thewafersize晶片尺寸選擇應與頻率和聲程有關，晶片的有效直徑應在10mm～40mm之間。Thewafersizeselectionshouldberelatedtothefrequencyandsoundrange,andtheeffectivediameterofthewafershouldbebetween10mmand40mm.5.3系統性能測試5.3Systemperformancetest5.3.1組合設備(探傷儀和探頭)應按照JB/T9214的規定進行校準和檢查。5.3.1Thecombinedequipment(flawdetectorandprobe)shallbecalibratedandcheckedasspecifiedinJB/T9214.5.4.靈敏度5.4.Sensitivity原則上采用AVG法確定檢測靈敏度，對于因幾何形狀所限和探測厚度接近近場區長度的鍛件則采取試塊比較法。掃查靈敏度應比基準靈敏度提高6dB。重新校準靈敏度時，若發現靈敏度降低幅度超過2dB（包括2dB），應對上一次校準靈敏度之后所檢查的工件進行復查；若發現提高了2dB（包括2dB），則應對上一次校準靈敏度之后所檢查有缺陷的工件進行復查。

靈敏度應定以保證檢測到指定質量等級中記錄水平所要求的最小不連續的尺寸。每種情況所使用的程序應符合JB/T4009的要求。Inprinciple,theAVGmethodisusedtodeterminethedetectionsensitivity,andthetestblockcomparisonmethodisadoptedfortheforgingswherethegeometricshapelimitsandthedetectionthicknessisclosetothelengthofthenearfieldarea.Thesweepsensitivityshouldbe6dBhigherthanthebenchmarksensitivity.Whenrecalibratingthesensitivity,ifthesensitivityreductionisfoundtoexceed2dB(including2dB),reviewtheworkpieceinspectedafterthelastcalibrationsensitivity;ifyoufindanincreaseof2dB(including2dB),reviewthedefectiveworkpieceinspectedafterthelastcalibrationsensitivity.Thesensitivityshallbesettoensurethedetectionoftheminimumdiscontinuousdimensionrequiredfortherecordinglevelinthespecifiedqualityclass.TheprocedureusedineachconditionshallcomplywiththerequirementsoftheJB/T4009.5.5耦合劑：采用機油、化學漿糊、專用耦合劑和水等透聲性好，且不損傷檢測表面的耦合劑。5.5Couplingagent:usingoil,chemicalpaste,specialcouplingagentandwaterandothergoodsoundpermeability,anddonotdamagethedetectionsurfaceofthecouplingagent.6掃查6Scan6.1探頭每次移動至少有10%的重合，以確保能完全掃查整個鍛件。掃查速度：單晶不得超過150mm/s雙晶不得超過75mm/s6.1Atleast10%overlapperprobemovementtoensuretofullysweeptheentireforging.Scanspeed:singlecrystalshallnotexceed150mm/sdoublecrystalshallnotexceed75mm/s7分類7Classification7.1指示的分類指示的分類應根據其至少兩個相互垂直方向的掃查做出的動態回波圖進行。7.1.1I型圖當探頭移動時，A掃查顯示器顯示出單個清晰的平滑地上升到最大振幅的指示，然后平滑地下降到0(見圖2)。圖2是用橫孔所繪制的聲束輪廓動態回波圖，對應于小于或等于-6dB聲束輪廓不連續的尺寸回波圖。7.1ClassificationasindicatedTheindicatedclassificationshallbebasedonitsdynamicechomapsmadebyatleasttwomutuallyverticalsweeps.7.1.1TypeIdiagramAstheprobemoves,theAscandisplayshowsAsingleclearindicationofAsmoothrisetothemaximumamplitudeandthenAsmoothfallto0(seeFigure2).Figure2isadynamicechomapofthebeamprofiledrawnwiththetransversehole,correspondingtoadimensionalechomapofabeamprofilediscontinuitylessthanorequalto-6dB.7.1.2Ⅱ型圖當探頭移動時，A型顯示器顯示單個清晰平滑上升至最大幅度的指示，該幅度維持或沒有振幅變化，然后平滑地下降到0(見圖3)。該圖形表示大于—6dB聲束輪廓不連續的回波圖。FigureFigure3FigureTypeAdisplayandechoenvelopedisplayType7.1.2FigWhentheprobemoves,thetypeAdisplayshowsanindicationofAsingleclearsmoothrisetomaximumamplitudemaintainedatorwithoutamplitudechange,andthensmoothlydropsto0(seeFigure3).Thefigurerepresentsanechomaplargerthan-6dB.7.2不連續的分類根據其動態波形圖，不連續的分類如下：——點狀的不連續：是指I型動態波形圖和/或直徑小于或等于-6dB聲束寬度的不連續(見圖4)。——長條形的不連續：是指Ⅱ型動態波形圖和/或直徑大于-6dB聲束寬度的不連續(見圖5)。—單個的不連續：是指點與點之間的距離d超過40mm的不連續(見圖6)。——密集形的不連續；是指點與點之間的距離d小于或等于40mm的不連續(見圖7)。(L≤D,d40mm)

(L≤Dp,d≤40mm)圖6單個的不連續

圖7密集形的不連續Figure6theindividualdiscontinuityFigure7Discontinuityofdenseshapes①——常規的-6dB不連續的輪廓線；D?——在不連續的深度上的聲束寬度；d——兩個不連續之間的距離；L——常用的-6

不連續的長度。7.2ClassificationofdiscontinuityAccordingtoitsdynamicwaveformmap,thediscontinuityisclassifiedasfollows:——Pointofdiscontinuity:referstothetypeIdynamicwaveformand/ordiameterlessthanorequalto-6dBbeamwidth(seeFigure4).——Discontinuityofthelongstrip:referstothediscontinuityofthedynamicwaveformmapand/orthediametergreaterthanthewidthoft