第一部分教材知識講練選擇性必修第四冊UNIT1

Honestyandresponsibility續寫語料積累背誦·句之美欣賞·語之秀1．(神態描寫)(2024·長春質量監測)Ahugesmilebrokeoutonherface,andshelaughed,clappingherhands．2．(心理描寫)(2024·湖北省模擬)AndIwasparticularlyfedupwithmakingexcusestocoverupmyfearofheight．3．(人物描寫)(2024·浙江五校聯考)Althoughherbodywassmall,Katiewasbigatheart．(2024·江蘇省G4學校調研)Nomatterhowlesssheate,shestilllookedawfullyplump(胖的),whichannoyedherandsheweptanentireevening,ignoringherdinner．Hertearsdriedup,andshelaydownonherbedstaringattheceiling,lettingrandomthoughtspassthroughhermind．語基

自主檢測·目標確立核心單詞語境運用(用所給詞的適當形式填空)1．______vt．(表示驚奇)；祝福2．_______vt．概述，略述

n．概述；輪廓線，略圖3．______n．&vt．逮捕，拘捕4．______vt．&vi．辭職，辭去5．_____vt．包，裹；用……纏繞

n．披肩，圍巾；包裹材料6．_______n．包裹，小包；一塊地

vt．裹好，打包7．________n．皺紋；褶皺，皺痕

vt．&vi．(使臉上)起皺紋，皺起8．_______vi．停頓，暫停

n．停頓，停頓的時間9．_____vi．&vt．縫，做針線活；縫上10．_______n．收成，收獲量；收獲季節，收割

vt．&vi．收割，捕獵11．_____n．引語，原話

vt．&vi．引用，引述；舉例說明1．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Turningsoil,pullingweeds,and__________(harvest)cabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids．2．Theheadmasterhadasandy-coloredmoustache,a_________(wrinkle)foreheadandhardlyanyhair．3．Beforewriting,takingjustafewminutes_________(outline)yourtopicandkeypointswillmakeiteasierforthewordstoflow．4．Themotherspentthewholeevening_________(wrap)upNew-yearpresents．5．Anewspaperapologizedyesterdayanditschiefeditor________(resign)overafakepicturescandal．6．Hecontinuedrapidlyupthepath,not_______(pause)untilhenearedtheChapterHouse．7．ThePresident__________(quote)inthepressassayingthathedisagreedwiththedecision．8．Yesterday,fiveyoungmen_____________(arrest)inconnectionwithoneoftheattacks．9．Whensummercame,mymotherlikedtositatthedoor,doingsome_______(sew)．blessoutlinearrestresignwrapparcelwrinklepausesewharvestquoteharvestingwrinkledtooutlinewrappingresignedpausingwasquotedwerearrestedsewing派生單詞語境運用(用所給詞的適當形式填空)1．appointvt．約會；任命→_________adj．指定的；約定的→____________n．約定，約會；任命，委托；職務2．relyvi．依靠；依賴→________adj．可信賴的，可依靠的；真實可信的，可靠的3．innocentadj．無辜的，清白的，無罪的；天真無邪的，純真的

n．無辜者，單純的人→_________n．天真；清白4．guiltn．內疚；犯罪；有罪→______adj．感到內疚的，感到慚愧的；有罪的，有過失的5．disappointvt．使失望，使沮喪→____________adj．失望的，沮喪的→_____________adj．令人失望的→_______________n．失望，沮喪6．guidevt．帶領；引導

n．向導→________n．指導；導航7．discouragevt．阻止，使氣餒→___________adj．灰心的→___________adj．使人灰心的，使人泄氣的→_______________n．泄氣，灰心1．IthinkyourfriendLiMingis________,andyoumay____onitthathecanofferyouahandwheneveryou'reintrouble．(rely)2．Thechildlooksverysimple,withachildlike_________shiningoutofherbeautifuland________eyes．(innocent)3．Cheatingdestroysself-respect,leavingthecheater______andafraidofgettingcaught．(guilt)4．Tomanypeople's_______________,theswimmer'sperformanceinthe1500-meterfreestyleatthe2020OlympicGameswasreally_____________．Buthehimselfwasn't____________nottohavereachedthefinal,sayingthathedecidedtotrainevenharderandwouldnot__________hisfansinthenextgame．(disappoint)5．Itwastheteacher'sdetailed________andexcellentteachingthat_______usintherightdirectiontowardfinalsuccess．(guide)appointedappointmentreliableinnocenceguiltydisappointeddisappointingdisappointmentguidancediscourageddiscouragingdiscouragementreliablerelyinnocenceinnocentguiltydisappointmentdisappointingdisappointeddisappointguidanceguided高頻短語語境運用(選用左欄短語的適當形式填空)1．_________拆毀，拆除2．_________________成功立業，發財3．___________失去聯系4．__________臂挽著臂5．___________被逮捕6．_____________任……處置，對……無能為力7．______________使焦慮不安，加重……的思想負擔8．_________________________阻止某人做某事1．Tradetensionsbetweenthetwocountriesmay_________theireconomiesinthecomingyears．2．Ships,whetherlargeorsmall,areoften_____________thewindsandwavesoncetheyareoutatsea．3．Thesuspectwasplaced___________andchargedwithsellingdrugs．4．MarkTwinslefthomeinhisteens,determined_________________inSouthAmerica．5．Thestorm_________thetreesanddamagedthehouses,leavingthevillageinruins．teardownmakeone'sfortunelosecontactarminarmunderarrestatthemercyofweighonsb/sthdiscouragesbfromdoingsthweighonatthemercyofunderarresttomakehisfortunetoredown原句結構辨識寫作佳句背誦1．however引導讓步狀語從句Alwaysgiveyourbestinwhateveryousetouttodo,howeverdifficultthatmightbe．不管這段經歷多么怪異，我至少明白了“三思而后行”這句格言的意思。

__________________________________,Iatleastunderstoodthemeaningofthissentence:thinkbeforeyouleap．(續寫之主題升華)2．動詞-ing形式作條件狀語Workingtogether,wehavethepowertograduallybutcontinuouslyadvanceoursociety．如果經常看英文電影，你會驚訝地發現你的英語進步很快。__________________________________,you'llbesurprisedtofindthatyourEnglishisimprovingfast．(應用文之建議信)HoweverstrangethisexperiencewasWatchingEnglishmoviesfrequently①Melissa,hisdaughter,feltitmorethanworthwhile______(save)hismusic,towhichshefellasleepeachnightwhenshewasyoung．②Itisworthwhile________________(point)outthatheatingmaybringaboutcertainchangeinthestructureofanymaterial．③Ithinkitisworth____(you)whiletakingthetroubletoexplainthejobfullytothenewemployees．考點

歸納探究·精準講練1．worthwhileadj．值得花時間(或花錢、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的tosavepointing/topointyour我冒著生命危險救了那個孩子，他媽媽臉上的釋然微笑使得這一切都是值得的。Iriskedmylifetosavethechild,butthesmileofreliefonhismother'sface______________________．◎Itisworthwhiledoing/todosth做某事是值得的◎Itisworthone'swhiledoing/todosth值得某人做某事◎Itisworthwhileforsbtodosth值得某人做某事◎find/think/feelitworthwhiletodosth覺得做某事是值得的情感描寫madeitallworthwhile◎makeyourwholetripworthwhile讓你的整個旅程變得值得◎dosomethingworthwhileandenjoyable做些有價值和愉快的事情◎becomeworthwhilemembersofsociety成為對社會有用的人①Policehaveaskedresidentstokeepaneyeoutforanything__________(suspect)．②Thesesevenvillagersweresuspectedof___________(have)linkswithseveralextremistgroups．③(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷改)OnhiswaytoBukharaMrBissellgotatasteofpolicemethodswhen__________(suspect)ofdrugdealing．2．suspectvt．&vi．疑有，覺得

n．嫌疑犯，可疑對象suspicioushavingsuspected當我們開始竊竊私語時，她皺起了眉頭，向我們投來懷疑的目光。Whenwestartedwhisperingtogether,shefrownedand_______________________________________________．◎suspectsbof(doing)sth懷疑某人有……罪/做了某事◎suspectthat...懷疑……◎suspicionn．懷疑，疑心◎suspiciousadj．懷疑的，可疑的◎besuspiciousof/about懷疑……；對……起疑心行為描寫castasuspiciouslookatus/lookedatussuspiciously◎arrestamurdersuspect逮捕一個殺人嫌疑犯◎suspecthimofbetrayingstatesecrets懷疑他泄露國家機密◎besuspiciousof/abouthisbehavior懷疑他的行為①(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)ThoseviewingthequalityofAbbotHall'stemporaryexhibitionsmay__________(forgive)forthinkingtheyareinacitygallery．②Consideringheisagreenhand,weshouldforgivehim_____makingsuchmistakes．③Keepinmindthat____________________________(forgive)doesnotnecessarilymeanbecomingfriendsagainwiththepersonwhoupsetyou．3．forgivevt．&vi．原諒，寬恕；免除(債務)beforgivenforforgiveness/forgiving/toforgive我妹妹弄壞了我的iPad，好幾天我對她都有點兒生氣，但最終媽媽說服我不計前嫌。WhenmysisterbrokemyiPad,Iwaskindofangryatherfordays,butmymotherfinally______________________________．◎forgivesb/sth寬恕某人/某事◎forgivesbfor(doing)sth原諒某人做了某事◎forgiveone'sdoingsth原諒某人做了某事◎can/could/may/mightbeforgivenfordoingsth難怪會做某事；做某事情有可原◎forgiveandforget不計前嫌；既往不咎行為描寫convincedmetoforgiveandforget◎forgivemyignorance原諒我的無知◎forgivemyinterruptingyou原諒我打斷你◎forgiveyourselfformistakesyou'vemade原諒自己所犯的錯誤①Theofficewasfilledwithemployeeswhowouldpretend____________(work),whilesecretlyplanningtheirweekendactivities．②(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Overthepast38years,MrWanghaspretended_____(be)someoneelsemanytimes,andhasevenlearnedtospeakdifferentdialects．③Jacypretended_____________(learn)aboutthewholething,expectingustotellthetruth．4．pretendvi．&vt．假裝；裝扮，扮作；自詡，自認為tobeworkingtobetohavelearned她把頭埋到被子底下，假裝睡著了。Sheburiedherheadunderthecovers,____________________________________________________．◎pretendtodo/tobedoing/tohavedonesth假裝做/正在做/做過某事◎pretendtobe...假裝是……；裝扮成……◎pretendthat...假裝……行為描寫pretendingtobeasleep/tobesleeping/tohavefallenasleep◎pretendnottonoticeme假裝沒有注意到我◎pretendtobedifferentanimalsdancingtothemusic扮成不同的動物隨著音樂起舞◎pretendtohisfamilythateverythingisfine對他的家人佯稱一切都好①Thesailorswerelostatsea,___themercyofthewindsandwaves．②Sheisakind-heartedwoman,whoalwayshasmercy__childrenwithoutparents．③Whenhewastakentohospital,hisinjuriesweresoseverethatdeathwouldbea_________(mercy)release．5．mercyn．寬恕，仁慈atonmerciful那女人凍得發抖，在孤寂泥濘的道路上艱難前行，無情的雨水狠狠地擊打著她的身軀。Thewoman,tremblingwithcold,wasstrugglingonthelonely,muddyroadwhile___________________________________．◎showmercytosb(＝showsbmercy)同情或憐憫某人◎havemercyonsb憐憫某人◎withoutmercy毫不留情地；殘忍地◎atthemercyof任……處置；任由……擺布；受制于◎mercifuladj．仁慈的；慈悲的◎mercilessadj．殘忍的；無情的場景描寫themercilessrainkeptbeatingherhard◎havemercyonthehomeless憐憫無家可歸的人◎atthemercyofthefate聽天由命◎kneeldowntobegformercy跪地求饒①Located______theBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction．②Ifyouhappentogetlostinthewild,you'dbetterstay______youareandwaitforhelp．③Thereusedtobeasmallvillage______thetworiversjoin,whichwascompletelydestroyedbyanearthquakeyearsago．6．[教材原句]Thereusedtobearestaurantwherethisstorestands—“BigJoe”Brady'srestaurant．這家商店所在的位置曾經是一家餐館——“大喬”布雷迪餐館。wherewherewhere我們之所以變得比以前更強大、更出色，就是因為我們在別人只看到風險的地方看到了機遇。Weemergedstrongerandbetterthanbeforejustbecausewesawopportunities______________________________．where可以引導地點狀語從句，此時的where大體相當于in/attheplacewhere，所以不可像引導定語從句的where那樣換成in/atwhich等。where引導的地點狀語從句一般放在主句之后，但在一些諺語中或表示抽象意義的句子中，常把地點狀語從句放在主句之前，如：Whereothersareweak,heisstrong．“別人的弱點正是他的優勢。”主題升華whereotherpeoplesawonlyrisks(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse．護理院的工作人員報告說，在使用母雞的地方，藥物的使用有所減少。①(2020·天津5月卷)Studythe19thcenturyEngland,___youmightcatchaglimpseofCharlesDickens'

Oliver

Twist．②(2020·天津7月卷)Simply____(turn)themachineon,pointitatthetarget,andyourpeaceandquietcomesback．③Knowmorewordsandexpressionsandyou_________(find)iteasiertoreadandcommunicate．7．[教材原句]Sowtheseedsofsuccesstodayandyourharvestwillbegreattomorrow．今天播下成功的種子，明天就會收獲豐碩的成果。andturnwillfind早上如浪費一小時，你將花費余下的一整天來補償。(一日之計在于晨。)_________________________,andyouwillbelookingforittherestoftheday．“祈使句＋and(then)/or(else)/otherwise＋簡單句”是常見的固定句式，此時，祈使句表示條件，可轉換為if條件狀語從句，譯為“如果……，就會/否則就會……”。有時候，祈使句也可用一個名詞短語替代。主題升華LoseonehourinthemorningTurnonthetelevisionoropenamagazineandyou'lloftenseeadvertisementsshowinghappyfamilies．打開電視或翻開一本雜志，你就會看到展示幸福家庭的廣告。①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷改)Ifnot______(turn)inbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,youressaywillearnazero．②(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhen_______(expose)todaylight．③Afterevaluation,doctorsbelievethattheillnesswillbecomeworseif____(leave)untreated．8．[教材原句]However,justastheChinesesayinggoes,“Jadeisgood-for-nothingifnotcarved．”然而，正如中國諺語所說，“玉不琢，不成器。”turnedexposedleft(普通表達)Wedonotrespondtoeverycandidate．Ifyouareselected,youwillbecontactedbyamanager．(高級表達)Wedonotrespondtoeverycandidate．___________,youwillbecontactedbyamanager．(使用動詞-ed形式)教材原句中的ifnotcarved，相當于ifitisnotcarved，意為“如果不被雕琢”。在“if＋done”結構中，動詞-ed形式與句子的主語是被動關系，而在“if＋doing”結構中，動詞-ing形式與主語是主動關系。與if的這種用法類似的連詞還有when、while、unless、once、though、whenever、asif等。句式升級IfselectedWhenaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,StevenSpielbergsaidthatheowesmuchofhissuccessandhappinesstohiswifeandchildren．當被問到他成功的秘密時，史蒂文·斯皮爾伯格說他的成功和快樂很大程度上要歸功于他的妻子與孩子。Ⅰ．用所給詞的正確形式填空1．Onestep______________(far),andyouwillbeinclosecontactwithsomeone'snose．2．Wefinally________(forgive)himwhenhetearfullyexpressedhisguiltandregret．3．___________(suspect)thetravellerofcarryingdrugs，theCustomsofficialstoppedhimandwentthroughhissuitcase．三層

強基固本·達標訓練further/fartherforgaveSuspecting4．Butinfrontofthepregnantwoman,ayoungmanoccupiedtwoseats,pretending____________(sleep)．5．Thosewhocannotaffordthetimeforanovernightstayontheislandwillstillfinditworthwhile_______(visit)fortheday．6．Thepoliceonlysuspectedthemanof_________________________(commit)acrime,buttherewasnodefiniteevidence．7．Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomething________(mercy)thatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem．8．(2021·天津3月卷)Aspartofthepackage,initialandfollow-uptrainingsessionsareprovidedandaccommodationisavailableif________(require)．tobesleepingtovisitcommitting/havingcommittedmercifulrequiredⅡ．在空白處填入一個適當的詞1．Medicineshouldnotbekept______itisaccessibletochildren．2．Wanderinthisframeofmind____youwillopenanewdimensiontoyourlife．3．Frommypointofview,____isnotworthwhiletoachievesuccessbysacrificingyourhealth．4．Fearofjoblossmayleaveemployeesfeelingliketheyare___themercyoftheiremployers．5．Twomen,suspected___receivingstolenproperty,weretakentothepolicestationforquestioning．whereanditatofⅠ．用所給詞的正確形式填空1．Twentyyearsisalongtime,butnotlongenough_________(change)theshapeofaman'snose．2．“Itsometimeschangesagoodmanintoabadone，”saidthetallman,______(take)chargeofthesituation．tochangetaking3．WhenyoustruckthematchtolightyourcigarIsawitwasthefaceofthecriminal_______(want)inChicago．4．“Happybirthday,Anne，”saidmygrandma,handingmeabrightly________(wrap)parcelwithabigredbow．5．“That'ssokindofyou,Granny，”Isaid,tryingtosound____________(convince)．“It'sbeautiful．Thankyousomuch．”wantedwrappedconvincingⅡ．在空白處填入一個適當的詞1．Iwalkeddownthestreetshortlybeforeteno'clockandarrived______“BigJoe”Brady'susedtobe．2．Allthehoursofsewingwereworth__whenIsawthelookofjoyonherface．3．Youmustbebothexcitedandanxiousaboutthenewexperiencesthatare__storeforyou．4．Asyougothroughyourdailylife,youwillencountermanydifficultsituations______thingsmaygowrong．whereitinwhereⅠ．熟詞生義(選出黑體詞在句中的漢語意思)1．(2023·浙江1月卷)Sittingonabranch,heinchedtowardsitandblewsmokefromhistorchintoatinyholeinthehive．

_____A．緩慢移動 B．英寸 C．短距離A2．(2022·浙江1月卷)Thebenefitsofregularexercisearewelldocumentedbutthere'sanewbonustoaddtotheever-growinglist．

____A．好處，優點 B．獎金 C．資金3．(2017·全國Ⅰ卷)Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree．

____A．固定 B．拋錨 C．擔任AAⅡ．長難語句(分析句子的結構并翻譯成漢語)1．(2023·全國甲卷)TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedtode-listgrizzlies,whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted．化繁為簡

本句是一個復合句，可簡化為：TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedtode-listgrizzlies...。句中的which引導一個非限制性____從句，從句使用____謂語(wouldloosen...andallow)。[嘗試翻譯]

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灰熊數量的恢復性增長非常成功，以至于美國魚類和野生動物管理局兩次試圖將它們移出瀕危物種名單，這將放寬法律保護，允許它們被獵殺。定語并列2．(2022·全國乙卷)Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems．化繁為簡

本句是一個復合句，可簡化為：Byusing...technologies,dronescould...startproviding...servicesforrailways,detectingfaults...beforetheycancause...problems．句中的Byusing...是介詞短語作____狀語，后面的detecting...是動詞-ing形式作____狀語，before引出一個____狀語從句。[嘗試翻譯]

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通過使用最新技術，無人機還開始為鐵路提供更高價值的服務，在鐵路或道岔引發任何安全問題之前檢測出故障。方式伴隨時間I'mapolicemanonthebeat．Onecoldnight,Iarrivedatadarkenedstore,1．______“BigJoe”Brady'srestaurantusedtobe．Inthedoorwayleantaman2．_______(look)about40yearsold．Iwentovertohim．Heresponded3．_______(quick),sayingthathewaswaitingforafriendtocomeforanappointmentmadetwentyyearsbefore．Whileweweretalking,hestruckamatchand4．___(light)hiscigar．ThenIwasabletoseeapale,square-jawedfacewithkeeneyes,andasmallscarnearhisrighteyebrow．InstantlyIrecognizedhim:mybestfriendBob,a5．_______(want)criminalaswell!三維

提能培優·進階訓練wherelookingquicklylitwantedIstaredathissmilingfaceand6．__________(memory)camefloodingback．Bobusedtobeadecentandreliableyoungman．Twodecadesagohedecided7．__________(shoulder)theburdenofcaringforhisfamily．SoheleftfortheWest,hopingtomakehisfortunethere．Graduallywelostcontact,butIcouldbarelyallowmyselftoimaginehewasearningmoney8．__waysthatwerenotlegal!Iwalkedawaywithoutrevealing9．____Iwas,andthenIaskedaplain-clothespolicemantoarrestBob．Itwasadifficult10．________(decide),butIstucktomyprinciplesanyhow．memoriestoshoulderinwhodecisionStep1．單句寫作(利用本單元知識補全所給英文句子)①作為祖國的未來，我們必須學會如何成為有美德的青少年。Asthefutureofourmotherland,wemustlearn____________________________．②在公共場所，我們應該成為可信賴的人，關心老人和小孩。Wheninpublicplaces,weshould_______________________bytakingcareoftheelderlyandtheyoung．howtobecometeenagersofvirtuedemonstratereliability③與人交流時，我們要尊重他人，欣然接受反對意見。Duringconversations,weshouldrespectothers,____________________________．④在我們的日常生活中，我們應該培養同情、寬恕他人的美德。Inourdailylives,weareexpectedtocultivate_______________________________towardsothers．⑤不斷地從我們的錯誤行為中尋求反饋是很重要的，