Unit4DiscoveringUsefulStructuresNaturalDisasters定語(yǔ)從句(Restrictiverelativeclauses)(Ⅰ)that,which,who,whom,whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句【情境探究】觀察上面對(duì)話(huà),并完成句子1.Thebook__________heboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.他昨天買(mǎi)的那本書(shū)很有趣。2.Doyouknowtheboy____justcamein?你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)剛剛進(jìn)來(lái)的男孩嗎?that/whichwho3.Hehasmovedintoahouse______________facethesea.

他已經(jīng)搬進(jìn)了一個(gè)窗子朝向大海的房子。whosewindows【要義詳析】一、分類(lèi):定語(yǔ)從句可以分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。1.限制性定語(yǔ)從句它是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ),如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切,書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)不可用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。如果關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ),關(guān)系代詞通常可以省略。*Shanghaiisacity(that)I’vealwayswantedtovisit.上海是我一直想?yún)⒂^的城市。2.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句它只是對(duì)先行詞作附加補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。這種從句與主句的關(guān)系不是很密切,書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)往往用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不用that引導(dǎo)。*Theoldwoman,wholivesonherown,hasacatforcompany.這個(gè)老婦人一個(gè)人住,養(yǎng)了一只貓陪伴她。二、關(guān)系代詞的用法定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who,whom以及whose。*Howdoyoulikethefilmwhich/thatwasshownlastSunday?你認(rèn)為上周日上映的電影怎么樣?(指物,作主語(yǔ))*Doyouknowthegentlemanwho/thatissittingthere?你認(rèn)識(shí)坐在那里的那位紳士嗎?(指人,作主語(yǔ))*Theman(who/whom/that)you’retalkingtoismyfriend.和你談話(huà)的那個(gè)人是我朋友。(指人,作賓語(yǔ))*Thepalace(which/that)Ioftenpayavisittowasbuiltinthe17thcentury.我經(jīng)常去參觀的那座宮殿建于17世紀(jì)。(指物,作賓語(yǔ))*Childrenwhosedietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.飲食富含高脂肪的孩子體重會(huì)增加很快。(指人,作定語(yǔ))【名師點(diǎn)津】whose還是which關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)時(shí),無(wú)論指人還是指物,都要用whose,而不能用which。*That’sthenewmachinewhosepartsaretoosmalltobeseen.那是一臺(tái)零件小到看不見(jiàn)的新機(jī)器。*HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic,whoseleadingactorisworld-famous?你看過(guò)《泰坦尼克號(hào)》這部電影嗎?它的男主角是世界著名的。【知識(shí)延伸】關(guān)系代詞的用法與分類(lèi)依據(jù)1.根據(jù)所引導(dǎo)的從句的限制性和非限制性;2.根據(jù)所替代的先行詞是指人還是指物;3.根據(jù)它在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。【即學(xué)活用】用定語(yǔ)從句合并句子。(1)Ilivenextdoortoacouple.Theirchildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.___________________________________________________________Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.

(2)ThemanisfromPekingUniversity.Italkedaboutthemanatthemeeting. ________________________________________________________________________Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromPekingUniversity.

(3)Theboyissittingonthechair.Theboyismybrother._______________________________________________Theboywho/thatissittingonthechairismybrother.

(4)Thecityisnearthesea.Thecityisverybeautiful._____________________________________________Thecitywhich/thatisneartheseaisverybeautiful.

三、關(guān)系代詞that與which的用法辨析1.只用that而不用which的情況(1)先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)*HenryisthemostenergeticyoungmanthatIhaveevercomeacross.亨利是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最有活力的年輕人。(2)先行詞有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)*Thisisthethirdtimethattheyhavemet.這是他們第三次見(jiàn)面。(3)先行詞為all,much,few,little,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代詞,或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)*Nothingthattheteacherdoesdoesn’tinfluencehisstudents.老師所做的事情沒(méi)有不影響到他的學(xué)生的。(4)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)*Hetalkedabouttheschoolsandteachersthathehadvisited.他談?wù)摿怂菰L過(guò)的學(xué)校和老師。(5)先行詞前面有thevery,theonly,thelast,thesame等詞修飾時(shí)*ThisistheveryroomthatIsleptinthatevening.這正是我那天晚上睡覺(jué)的房間。*Thisistheonlythingthatwecandonow.這是我們現(xiàn)在唯一能做的事情。【名師點(diǎn)津】thesame...that/as區(qū)別thesame...that表示“同一個(gè)”(同一性)thesame...as表示“類(lèi)似的一個(gè),而不是同一個(gè)”(相似性)*ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.這就是我丟的那塊手表。(同一個(gè))*Ihaveboughtthesamewatchasyouhave.我買(mǎi)了一塊和你一樣的手表。(相似的,非同一個(gè))(6)關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)*Ourschoolisnolongertheschoolthatitusedtobe.我們的學(xué)校不再是以前的樣子了。(7)句中其他位置已出現(xiàn)which,為避免重復(fù),不用which而用that。*Whichisthecarthathasovertakenus?超過(guò)我們的是哪輛車(chē)?2.只用which而不用that的情況(1)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)*IborrowedthebookSherlock

Holmesfromthelibrarylastweek,whichmyclassmatesrecommendedtome.我上周從圖書(shū)館借了《夏洛克·福爾摩斯》這本書(shū),這是我的同學(xué)推薦給我的。(2)在定語(yǔ)從句中,關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)*IwasputinapositioninwhichIhadtoacceptIwaslessimportant.我被置于不得不接受我不重要的境地。【名師點(diǎn)津】強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別*Itwasthestudentthat/whoaskedthesillyquestion.就是這個(gè)學(xué)生問(wèn)了這么一個(gè)愚蠢的問(wèn)題。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)*Hewasthestudentwhoaskedthesillyquestion.他就是那個(gè)問(wèn)了愚蠢問(wèn)題的學(xué)生。(定語(yǔ)從句)【即學(xué)活用】選詞填空(that/which)(1)Finally,thethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.(2)Haveyouanybooks____areworthreading?(3)Thisisthebestfilm____Ihaveeverseen.

thatthatthat(4)I’mgoingtotalkaboutthecountriesandpeople____Ihavevisited.(5)Bambooishollow,______makesitverylight.thatwhichThebestclassroomintheworldisatthefeetofanelderlyperson.世界上最好的課堂在老人的腳下.Havingachildfallasleepinyourarmsisoneofthemostpeacefulfeelingintheworld.讓一個(gè)孩子在你的臂彎入睡,你會(huì)體會(huì)到世間最安寧的感覺(jué).Beingkindismoreimportantthanbeingright.善良比真理更重要.Youshouldneversaynotoagif