PAGEUnit6Earthfirst其次課時UsinglanguageⅠ.詞匯初探1．droughtn．干旱2．oceann.海洋，大海3．highlightv.使……突出；使留意力集中于4．staffn.員工5．damagen．&v.損失；損害6．floodn.洪水7．supplyn.煤氣、電力、自來水等供應(系統)8．restorev.使復原9．brochuren.小冊子10．releasev.釋放；排放11．smogn．煙霧，霧霾12．severeadj.很嚴峻的13．lecturen．講座，講課14．devotev.致力；獻身；用心于→devotionn.獻身；酷愛；用心→devotedadj.忠實的；深愛的15．crueltyn.殘忍；殘酷→crueladj.殘忍的16．presentationn.報告；說明→presentv.提出；呈現17．establishv.建立；設立→establishmentn.建立18．affectv.影響；感動；侵襲→effectn.作用；影響→affectionn.寵愛；鐘愛19．adoptv.接受；接受；收養→adoptionn.收養；實行→adoptedadj.收養的；領養的20．reducev.削減；降低→reductionn.削減；減價21．fogn.霧→foggyadj.有霧的；模糊的22．infectionn．感染；傳染病→infectvt.感染；傳染23．permitvt.&vi.許可；允許；準許n.通行證；許可證；執照→permissionnⅡ.短語互譯1．aim_at瞄準2．get_involved_in參加；涉及，卷入3．keep...fromdoing阻擋……做4．without_permission未經許可5．be_reduced_by削減了6．replace...with...用……取代……7．haveanimpacton對……有影響8．befrightenedof膽怯 ……Ⅲ.經典句式1．We'vealsoseendroughtsandfloodscausedbythesechanges,whichaffectthewatersupplydownstream.我們也看到了這些改變造成的干旱和洪水，影響了下游的供水。2．Ourjobistoprotectandrestorethenaturalenvironment.我們的工作是愛護和復原自然環境。3．Thelessenergyyouuse,thelesscarbondioxideisreleased.你運用的能源越少，釋放的二氧化碳就越少。Ⅳ.語法初探用所給詞的適當形式填空1．Ifounditdifficultto_explain(explain)tohimwhathadhappened.2．Withtheproblemsolved(solve)，thequalityhasbeenimproved.3．Whenhewokeup，hefoundhimselflying(lie)inhospital.4．InpartsofAsiayoumustn'tsitwithyourfeetpointing(point)atanotherperson.5．Whereverwego，wewillseethiskindofproductsadvertised(advertise)．1eq\a\vs4\al(devotev.獻身；用心于)[教材原句]Now,sheisamodelandperformanceartistdevoted/devotingtooceanconservation.(P65)現在，她是一位致力于海洋愛護的模特和表演藝術家。[歸納拓展](1)devoteoneselfto獻身于……；致力于……devote...to...奉獻于……；專注于……(2)devotedadj.忠實的；深愛的bedevotedto...用心于……；奉獻于……(3)devotionn.關愛；關照；奉獻；忠誠[名師點津]在短語devote...to...中to為介詞，其后接名詞或動名詞，類似短語還包括：lookforwardto期盼getdownto起先著手be/get/become/growused/accustomedto習慣于leadto導致payattentionto留意objectto反對[即時鞏固]完成句子/單句語法填空①Youwillnevergainsuccessunlessyouarefully_devoted_toyourwork.除非你完全專注于你的工作，不然你恒久不會獲得勝利。②Devoted(devote)tohercareer,shewonagoodreputation.③Hecontinuedtoworkthereforalmost50years,devoting(devote)hislifetohisresearchwork.④Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelping(help)othersrebuild.⑤Herdevotion(devote)toherjobisworthpraising.2eq\a\vs4\al(containvt.包含；容納；容忍；抑制感情等)[教材原句]Mostimportantly，itcontainstheheadwatersoftheYellowRiver，theChangjiangRiverandLancangRiver.(P65)最重要的是，這里有黃河、長江和瀾滄江的源頭。[歸納拓展](1)containoneself克制自己(2)containern.容器[易混辨析]contain指某物被裝在比其更大的東西內，或指某物含有某種成分或其他物質。include指某物為整體的一部分或要素，意為“算在內，列在里面，包括”。include還常用其介詞和過去分詞短語作插入語，起補充說明作用，而contain無此用法。[即時鞏固]用contain或include的適當形式填空/完成句子①Howmuchwaterdoesthisbottlecontain?②Atleast40peoplegothurt,including5children.③Thiskindoffruitcontainsalargeamountofvitamin,includingvitaminC.④Yourdutyincludesanswering(answer)thetelephone.⑤IwassoangrythatIjustcouldn't_contain_myself.我生氣極了，簡直無法克制自己。3eq\a\vs4\al(damagen.&v.損失；損害)[教材原句]Inrecentyears,wehaveseenlargeareasofwetlandthatweredamagedbyhumanactivity.(P65)近年來，我們看到大片濕地被人類活動破壞。[歸納拓展]do/causedamageto給……帶來/造成損壞bebadlydamaged遭遇嚴峻損害damageone'shealth損害某人的健康[即時鞏固]完成句子①Eatingtoomuchmeatonetimewilldo/cause_damage_toyourstomach.一次吃太多的肉會對你的胃造成損害。②Smokingcandamage_your_health.吸煙有害健康。4eq\a\vs4\al(affectv.影響；感動；侵襲)[教材原句]We'vealsoseendroughtsandfloodscausedbythesechanges，whichaffectthewatersupplydownstream.(P65)我們也看到了這些改變造成的干旱和洪水，影響了下游的供水。[歸納拓展](1)begreatly/deeplyaffectedby被……深深打動beaffectedbyheat/cold中暑/著涼beaffectedwithahighfever發高燒(2)effectn.作用；影響haveaneffecton對……產生影響(3)affectionn.寵愛；感情；影響；感染[即時鞏固]完成句子/單句語法填空①Hisspeechaffected_the_audiencedeeply.他的演說深深地打動了聽眾。②Theweight-losspillhasastrongsideeffectonpeople'shearts.③Affected(affect)withhighfever,hecontinuedwithhiswork.5eq\a\vs4\al(adoptv.收養；領養；接受；接受)[教材原句]Thisincludeskeepingtheoriginalenvironmentfrombeingtouched，aswellasadoptingnew，sustainablewaysoffeedingfarmanimals.(P65)這包括保持原始環境不被觸碰，以及接受新的、可持續的飼養農場動物的方法。[歸納拓展](1)adoptone'ssuggestion/advice接受某人的建議adoptsb.as收養某人為……adopta(n)approach/policy/attitude...接受某種方法/政策/看法……(2)adoptedadj.領養的adoptionn.接受；收養[即時鞏固]單句語法填空①Shetreatedheradopted(adopt)sonasifhewereherownchild.②Thesuggestionthatthenewrulebe_adopted(adopt)camefromthechairman.③Ifyoucannothavechildrenofyourown,whynotconsideradoption(adopt)?6eq\a\vs4\al(reducev.削減；縮減)[教材原句]Reducewastebychoosingreusableproducts.(P66)通過選擇可重復運用的產品來削減奢侈。[歸納拓展](1)reduce...to...把……削減到……reduce...by...把……削減了……bereducedto...淪落為……，陷入某種狀態(2)reductionn.削減；減價makeareduction減價[即時鞏固]完成句子/單句語法填空①Sheisonadietto_reduce_some_weight.她正在節食以減輕體重。②Thewholetownwas_reduced_toashesinthebombing.轟炸將整個城鎮變成一片廢墟。③Shetakesexerciseeveryday,andshehasreducedherweightto50kilos.④Thoughthepriceofthehousehasbeenreducedby10%,wecan'tafforditeither.⑤Wecanmakeareduction(reduce)ifyoubuyinbulk.7eq\a\vs4\al(permissionn.允許；許可)[教材原句]Apoliteinterruptionisusuallyframedasarequestforpermissiontointerruptsomeone.(P67)禮貌的打斷通常是指懇求允許打斷某人。[歸納拓展](1)askforsb.'spermission懇求某人的許可withoutpermission未經允許/許可givesb.permissiontodosth.允許某人做某事(2)permitvt.允許；許可n.許可；執照；許可證permitsb.todosth.允許某人做某事permitdoingsth.允許做某事sth.permitting...……許可的話(獨立主格)[即時鞏固]完成句子/單句語法填空①Ifyouwanttoleavetheclassroom,youshouldask_for_the_teacher's_permission.假如你要離開教室，應當懇求老師的許可。②Passengersarepermittedto_carry(carry)onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.③Thebirthdaypartywillbeheldinthegarden,weatherpermitting(permit)．④Noreferencebooksaretobetakenoutofthereadingroomwithoutpermission(permit)．⑤Theschooldoesn'tpermitstaying(stay)uptoolateatnight.1eq\a\vs4\al(aimat瞄準)[教材原句]SheappearedinTheCove，adocumentaryaimingathighlightingthecrueltyofdolphinhunting.(P65)她出演了一部紀錄片《海豚灣》，旨在突出捕獵海豚的殘酷性。[歸納拓展](1)aim...at...用……瞄準/對準……aimtodosth.＝aimatdoingsth.旨在做某事，準備做某事beaimedat目的是；旨在(2)withtheaimof...為了……withoutaim無目的地achieveone'saim達到目的；實現目標takeaimat瞄準(3)aimlesslyadv.漫無目的地[即時鞏固]完成句子/單句語法填空①ShewenttoLondonwith_the_aim_offindingajob.她去倫敦是為了找工作。②Thevisitwasaimed_atexpandingrelationsbetweenthetwocountries.這次訪問的目的是發展兩國關系。③Heworkedhard,aiming(aim)atbecomingadoctor.④Thepolicefoundtheboywanderingaimlessly(aim)inthestreet,notknowingwheretogo.2keep...from阻擋，制止[教材原句]Thisincludeskeepingtheoriginalenvironmentfrombeingtouched，aswellasadoptingnew，sustainablewaysoffeedingfarmanimals.(P65)這包括保持原始環境不被觸碰，以及接受新的、可持續的飼養農場動物的方法。[歸納拓展]prevent/stop/keep...fromdoingsth.阻擋……做某事protect...from愛護……不受……的侵襲；攔住；防衛keep...doingsth.使……始終做某事[名師點津]prevent/keep/stopsb.fromdoingsth.的主動式中，只有keep后面的from不能省略，而在被動式中三個短語的from都不能省略。[即時鞏固]完成句子/單句語法填空①I'msorrytokeep_you_waitingforsolong.對不起，讓你久等了。②Wemustkeepthemfromgettingtoknowourplans.③Everypossiblemeansshouldbetakentopreventtheriverfrombeing_polluted(pollute)．eq\o(\s\up7(),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(Thelessenergyyouuse，thelesscarbondioxideisreleased.P66,你運用的能源越少，釋放的二氧化碳就越少。)[句式分析]本句為“the＋比較級，the＋比較級”句式，意為“越……就越……”。[歸納拓展](1)“the＋比較級，the＋比較級”表示“越……，就越……”，前一部分為表示條件的狀語從句，后一部分為主句。(2)“比較級＋and＋比較級”表示“越來越……”。[即時鞏固]完成句子①The_sooner,_thebetter.越快越好。②The_longeryouhavetowaitforsomething,themoreyouwillappreciateitwhenitfinallyarrives.你等待的時間越長，你就會越珍惜它的到來。③The_more_carefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.你越當心，你犯的錯就會越少。動詞-ing形式和動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語1．“五看二聽一感覺”的感官動詞和短語(see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel等)后面的賓語補足語常見的有三種非謂語動詞形式(do/doing/done)。do表主動和完成(被動句中to還原)，doing表主動或正在進行，done表被動或完成。Ilookedupandnoticedasnakewindingitswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.我抬頭留意到一條蛇正蜿蜒著爬上樹去捕獲它的早餐。Nobodysawhimcomein.沒人望見他進來。Hefelthisfacelostbeforehisfriends.他覺得在摯友面前丟面子了。2．使役動詞make,let,have,get后接復合賓語的狀況：①make＋賓語＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(do讓……做……賓語與賓補為邏輯,上的主動關系,done讓……被做賓語與賓補為邏輯,上的被動關系))Theteachermadesomestudentsstayintheclassroomafterschool.老師讓一些學生放學后待在教室里。Hetriedtomakehimselfunderstood.他盡量把自己的意思表達清晰了。②let＋賓語＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(do讓……做……賓語與賓補為邏輯,上的主動關系,bedone讓……被做賓語與賓補為邏,輯上的被動關系))Don'tletyourchildplaywithmatches.別讓你的孩子玩火柴。③have＋賓語＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(dosth.讓……做某事,doingsth.使……持續,做某事))?\a\vs4\al(賓語與賓補,為邏輯上的,主動關系),done使……被做?\a\vs4\al(賓語與賓補為邏,輯上的被動關系)))Hehadthefireburningallthenight.他讓火燃燒了一夜。Hehadhiswalletstolenonhiswayhome.在回家的路上，他的錢包被偷了。[名師點津]havesb.doingsth.用于否定句時，其中have有“容忍”之意。Iwon'thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat.我不能容忍你那樣跟你爸爸說話。④get＋賓語＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.使……做,doingsth.使……做))?\a\vs4\al(賓語與賓補為邏,輯上的主動關系),done使……被做?\a\vs4\al(賓語與賓補為邏,輯上的被動關系)))Shegotherbikerunningveryfast.她騎自行車騎得飛速。I'llgetmybikerepairedtomorrow.我明天要(請人)修一下我的自行車。3．動詞leave,keep,find,catch后加非謂語動詞作復合賓語的狀況：①leave＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb./sth.doingsth.讓某人/物始終處于某,種狀態賓語與賓語補足語之間是邏輯,上的主動關系，表示動作正在進行,sth.undone留下某事未做賓語與賓語補,足語之間是邏輯上的被動關系，表示被,動和完成，一般以undone，unfinished，,unsettled，untouched為多,\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb.todosth.讓某人去做某事,sth.tobedone留下某事要做))\a\vs4\al(動詞不定,式表示將,來的動作)))②keepeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb./sth.doing使某人/物始終做,sb./sth.done使某人/物被做表示,被動且完成，或表示狀態))③findeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb.doing發覺某人正在做,sb./sth.done發覺某人/物已經……表示完,成或狀態,sb./sth.tobe...發覺某人/物……))④catchsb.doingsth.撞見某人正在做某事Thepolicecaughthimstealingthecaronthespot.警察當場撞見他在偷汽車。Wehurriedlyendedourmeeting,leavingmanyproblemstobesettled.我們匆忙忙忙地結束了會議，留下了許多問題等待解決。Youshouldkeepmeinformedofhiswhereabouts.你應當讓我了解他的行蹤。[即時鞏固]用所給詞的適當形式填空①Whenwesawtheroadblocked(block)withsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.②Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogfollowing(follow)them.③Listen！Doyouhearsomeonecalling(call)forhelp?④Ashespoke，heobservedeverybodylooking_at(lookat)himcuriously.⑤Youwon'tcatchmedoing(do)thatagain.⑥Youshouldmakeyourvoiceheard(hear)．⑦Pleasegettheworkdone(do)assoonaspossible.⑧Idon'twantanybadwordssaid(say)abouthimbehindhisback.⑨Withwaterheated(heat)，wecanseethesteam.⑩Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselveslost(lose)forwords.Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．Ifyouhaveajob,devote(獻身)yourselftoitandfinallyyou'llsucceed.2．Earthquakesaredangerousanddestructive,becausetheybringgreatdamage(損害)anddisasterstopeople.3．Althoughsmokingaffects(影響)people'shealth,Chinahasthelargestnumberofpeoplewhoaresmoking.