Grammar如何準確使用英語時態?Q1:什么是時態？“時”就是這個動作發生的“時間”；“態”就是這個動作在某個時刻的“狀態”。過去(past)現在(present)將來(future)一般狀態進行狀態完成狀態010203時態只與

有關動詞英語中把時間分為三類：過去（past）、現在（now）和將來（future）。狀態一般式表示經常發生的動作，其動詞形式為do。Ioftengetupat7.我經常在七點鐘起床。進行式表示正在進行的動作，其動詞形式為“bedoing”。SheissingingaFrenchsong.她正在唱一首法語歌。狀態

完成式表示對“之前發生動作”的一個總結，其動詞形式為“havedone”：Theyhavefoundthemissingchild.他們找到那個失蹤的孩子了。完成進行式表示對“正在進行動作”的一個總結，其動詞形式為“havebeendoing”：Ihavebeenreadingbooksfortwohours.我已經連續讀書兩個小時了。動詞的十二類時態中文和英文的時態差異

時態在中文里通過時間狀語來體現，而英語則通過謂語動詞展現。「我昨天跑步。」「Iranyesterday.」「我跑步。」「Irun.」「我明天跑步。」「Iwillruntomorrow.」一般現在時（be/do）一般現在時習慣性動作；目前狀態；性格/能力；客觀真理;主將從現動詞第三人稱單數形式變化規則一般情況(包括“元音字母＋y”結尾的詞)在詞尾加-srun—runsask—askslive—livesplay—plays以ch、sh、s、z、x或o結尾的詞在詞尾加-esteach—teachesfinish—finishesfix—fixesdo—does以輔音字母＋y結尾的詞去掉y，加上-iestry—triesstudy—studiesworry—worries1.表示經常性或習慣性的動作，常與often、usually、always、sometimes、never、everyday、onceamonth等時間狀語連用。◆Hegoestoschoolatseveno'clockeveryday.◆WelikecommunicatingwithourfriendsusingWeChatnow.2.表示目前的狀態、性格或能力◆Iam16now.◆HelikesEnglish.3.表示普遍存在的真理和客觀事實。◆Lighttravelsfasterthansound.

◆Thesunraisesintheeastandsetsinthewesteveryday.4.

在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，從句中的動詞通常用一般現在時代替一般將來時。◆We'lllethimknowthegoodnewsassoonashearrives.◆Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome.主將從現aslongas/if/assoonas主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現在時。表示按規定或時刻表將要發生的動作，僅限少數瞬間動詞(短語)如begin、come、go、leave、start、arrive、end、return、takeoff等。◆Theplanetakesoffat15：05.◆Themeetingbeginsateight.Exercises(1)Healways_________（go）toworkbysubway.(2)Respectingtheoldandcaringfortheyoung_________（reflect）aperson’sexcellentqualities.(3)Thesun_____(rise)

intheeastand____(set)inthewest.(4)Theplane_________（take）offat11：30and_________（arrive）inShanghaiat13：20.goesreflectsraisessetsarrivestakes(5)Assoonastherain____,theywillgoouttopickapples.A．stopsB.stoppedC．willstop D.isstopping(6)UncleWangnever____English,becausehe____knowhowtosayit.A:speak,doesn’tB:speak,don’t C:speaks,don’t D:speaks,doesn’t(7)Thepicture____nice.A:look B:looksC:looked D:belook一般過去時（was/were/did）一般過去時——過去動作、過去習慣、過去狀態動詞的過去式和過去分詞的變化規則一般情況加-eddelay—delayedcall—called以e結尾加-dagree—agreedhate—hated以“輔音字母＋y”結尾(但以“元音字母＋y”結尾的動詞要直接加-ed)去掉y，加上-iedcry—criedcarry—carriedtry—triedworry—worried“一個元音字母＋一個輔音字母”結尾，又是重讀閉音節時最后一個輔音字母雙寫，再加上-edbeg—beggedstop—stopped1.一般過去時表示過去某一時刻或者某一段時間發生的動作或者狀態。常與then、atthattime、justnow、amomentago、theotherday、inthepast、atonetime、threedaysago、lastyear、yesterday等時間狀語連用。◆Tomwantedtohelpusyesterday,buthewasverybusy.

◆Thatmanwas

bornin1993.◆WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.2.表示過去的習慣動作，常與often、always、usually等表示頻度的時間狀語連用。◆Duringhismiddleschoolyears,heplayedfootballnearlyeveryday.

◆Duringthefirstweekatseniorhigh,hedidn'thandinEnglishhomeworkeveryday.3.有些情況，雖然沒有明確表示過去的時間狀語，但可根據語境判斷出動作發生在過去，應用過去時態。◆Ididn'tknowyouwereinParis.◆Yourphonenumberagain,please.Ididn'tquitecatchit.Exercises(1)WhenIwasreadingthenewspaper，thephone_____(ring).(2)IwasgoingtotidymyroomwhenI________（have）visitors.(3)What___________________________nextMonday?---I_______________________playbasketball.(4)Therewassomeorangeinthefridge.（改為一般疑問句）

_____there_____orangeinthefridge？(5)Icanflykitessevenyearsago.（改錯）(6)Didyousawhimjustnow.（改錯）(7)Ididn’tmyhomeworkyesterday.（改錯）ranghadareyougoingtodo/willyoudowill/amgoingtoWasanydoseecould(8)Myfather_______illyesterday．

A.isn‘tB.

aren’t

C.wasn‘t

D.weren’t(9)The

twins_____inDalian

lastyear.They_____herenow．

A.

are;were

B.were;are

C.was;are

D.were;was(10)—What___you___lastweek?—Iboughtabag.A.did,buyB.did,boughtC.do,buy D.do,bought現在進行時現在進行時——bedoing（V-ing現在分詞)

目前或現階段正在發生、一直或斷續發生、將要發生主語＋am/is/are＋現在分詞1.表示說話時正在進行的動作，常與時間狀語now、atthemoment等連用。◆Iamwritingaletternow.Willyoupleaseturndowntheradio?◆Iamtakingclass.Pleasebequiet.2.表示現階段正在進行而此刻不一定進行的動作。◆HeiswritingabookaboutChinesehistorythesedays.◆Iamfinishingmydissertation.注意：下列動詞不宜用進行時①感覺類：look,smell,feel,sound,taste,see,hear等；②感情類：like,love,prefer,admire,hate,fear等；③所有類：have,contain,own,hold,belongto等。3.表示按計劃、安排將要發生的動作。有此用法的動詞有go、come、leave、start、arrive、return等。◆MrWhiteisleavingforBeijinginafewdays.4.表示說話人現在對主語的行為表示贊嘆或厭惡等，常與always、constantly、continually等副詞連用。◆Heisalwaysaskingsuchsimplequestions.◆Heisalwaysthinkingmoreofothersthanofhimself.Exercises(1)We__________(start)

workateighto’clockforthenextmonth.(2)Whyareyouconstantly______(ask)

suchstupidquestions?(3)Mycousin_________(help)

outinmycompanythesedays.(4)Listen!Somebody__________(sing).(5)Sheisclosingthedoornow.(改成否定句)(6)ThePioneersarehelpingtheoldwoman.(改成一般疑問句)arestartingaskingishelpingissinging一般將來時主語＋will/shall＋動詞原形一般將來時由“shall/willdo”構成，表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態，常與tomorrow、nextweek、inthefuture、inafewdays等時間狀語連用。“willdo”還可以表示說話時臨時做出的決定。◆Nextmonthwewillhaveourschoolopenday.◆Dr.Jacksonisnotinhisofficeatthemoment.

—Allright.Iwillcallhimlater.(2)beabouttodo表示即將發生的將來動作，該結構不與表示具體的將來時間狀語連用，多與when連用。(3)betodo按照約定、職責、義務或要求等即將發生的動作。◆Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatsixinthemorning.將來時的其他表達法：(1)begoingto按計劃/打算要做某事；根據某跡象判斷將要發生的事◆IamgoingtomeetMr.Smithattheairportat8：30tonight.◆Lookattheblackclouds!Itisgoingtorain.◆Iwasabouttogotohavedinnerwhenhecalledmeup.◆Frank

isleaving

forLondonbytrainwhichleaves

at8:30nextmorning.(4)bedoing按計劃或安排將發生的動作，常用于少數位移/瞬間動詞（start/move/come/go/arrive/leave）(5)

一般現在時表示按規定或時刻表將要發生的動作，僅限少數位移/瞬間動詞/短語（start/move/come/go/arrive/leave）個人色彩較濃——單句語法填空(1)Assoonasyoucomehere,I_________(show)youaroundthecity.(2)—Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?—I______________________(watch)afilmwithsomefriends.(3)Stoptalking!We_____________beginourclass.(4)Youare___________(hand)intheexercisestomorrow.(5)There_________(be)ameetinginthehallnextweek.(6)Lookattheseblackclouds.It___________rain.(7)Theplane________(leave)at8:00everymorning.(8)

Thecustomers__________(leave)bytraintonight.willshowamgoingtowatchareabouttotohandwillbeisgoingtoleavesareleaving現在完成時現在完成時：have/hasdone（過去分詞）——關注“過去事件”對現在的影響或結果；對經歷經驗的總結1.表示過去發生的動作對現在造成的影響或結果，著眼于現在。常與already、just、yet、never、before、lately、recently、inthelast(past)fewyears、uptonow、tillnow、sofar等連用。◆Inthelastfewyears,Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.2.表示從過去某時開始延續至今的動作或狀態，并可能持續下去，常與for＋一段時間，since＋時間點等表示一段時間的狀語連用。◆Hehasworkedhereforovertwentyyears.◆HehaslivedinLondonsince2020.已完成未完成3.在時間或條件狀語從句中，現在完成時可代替一般將來時。◆(天津卷)Wewon'tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.◆I'llgotothepartyassoonasIhavefinishedmyhomework.4.在“This/Itisthefirst/second...time＋that從句”結構中，that從句一般用現在完成時。◆ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedtheGreatWall.5.在“This/Itisthe＋序數詞/形容詞最高級＋名詞＋that從句”結構中，that從句用現在完成時。◆Thisisthemostinterestingfilmthathehaswatched.他已經去世（好幾年）了。Hehasdied.Hehasdiedforseveralyears.Hehasbeendeadforseveralyears.Itisseveralyearssincehedied.注意:表示短暫時間動作的詞,如come,go,die,marry,buy等的完成時不能與for,since等表示一段時間的詞連用。Have/Has

gone(to)

:去了未回 Have/Has

been

(to)

:去過已回（已不在去過的地方）Have/hasbeenin：待多久（還在所待的地方）Exercises(1)He_________(work)fortheOrganisationforfouryearsnow.(2)Inthelastfewyears，China_________(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.(3)I__________(see)myoldclassmateonlyoncethisyear.(4)TomandMary__________(be)friendsforyears.(5)I’llgotothepartyassoonasI_____________(finish)myhomework.(6)Thisisn’tthefirsttimethattechnology_____________(change)ourmanners.(7)他去北京了。(8)他去過北京兩次。

hasworked

hasmade

haveseen

havebeen

havefinished

haschanged(9)---I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.

---Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeen

B.hadbeen

C.was

D.willbe(10)Howlonghaveyou_____here?A.come B.got C.arrived D.been(11)Mygrandpadied_____.attheageofmy2 B.for2years C.whenIwas2 D.myagewas2(12)--Whatanicedress!Howlong

you

it?--Just2weeks.A.will,buy B.did,buy C.are,having D.have,had(13)--DoyouknowLydiaverywell?--Yes,SheandI

friendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemade B.havebecome C.havebeen D.haveturnedExercises______aconcertnextSaturday?A.TherewillbeB.WilltherebeC.TherecanbeD.Thereare2.Iftheycome,we_____ameeting.haveB.willhaveC.hadD.wouldhave3.Sorry,Ican’topenthedoor,forI_____thekeytoit.A.lostB.loseC.hadlostD.havelost4.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_____ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see5.---Bobmustbeverywealthy.---Yes,he_____moreinonedaythanIdoinaweek.A.hasbeenearned