高考英語長難句分析及應用“一括二劃三會意，讀懂高考長難句”Toidentifysentencetypes；Tograspthe

strategiesofanalyzinglonganddifficultsentences;12Toapplythestrategiesintopracticebyanalyzinglonganddifficultsentences

(會運用策略分析長難句).3Learning

Aims追本溯源③Stepstodrawatree①②trunkbranchesleavesAcomplexsentence

?Shesmiled.

①主+謂

Iloveher.②主+謂+賓

Igivehermyheart.③主+謂+間賓+直賓

Shemakesmehappy.④主+謂+賓+賓補

Shearegorgeous.⑤主+系+表

五大基本句型

BasicSentencePatterns主語subject+謂語verb=trunkSampleHeading英語中的五種基本句型可以說是一切句子的根源，實際上我們平常看到的句子更加復雜，因為就像樹木的枝枝葉葉，句子中充滿了修飾。英語句子=主干+修飾句子種類

FourTypesofSentences簡單句SimpleSentences:僅一個主謂結構并列句CompoundSentences:并列連詞連接句子和句子（and,but,so，while，or……)復合句ComplexSentences:從屬連詞連接從句和主句（狀從，定從，名從）（when,if,because,which,who,that,where,what,why,how……)并列復合句Compound-ComplexSentences:有并列連詞和從屬連詞branches復雜句的煉成基本句型添加

.定語.狀語.同位語.插入語…組合

.并列句.復合句.并列復合句…Whatmakesasentencecomplex?介詞短語、從句、非謂語動詞（三長）

形容詞、副詞

（兩短）同位語、插入語（兩語）并列結構

（一并列）修飾語leaves

介詞短語從句非謂語動詞形容詞副詞同位語插入語并列結構Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelptheirpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.(21新高考全國Ι卷)SampleHeading長難句到底難在哪里？（1）中心詞加了較多修飾語，后置的定語給理解帶來較大困難。（2）簡單句加了較多修飾語，尤其是非謂語動詞，含義豐富，形式靈活。（3）含有三大從句的復合句。(名，定，狀從)（4）并列成分、對等結構的存在。（5）同位語、插入語的運用。（6）特殊句式的使用：倒裝、強調句型和省略。Howcanweunderstandalongandcomplexsentence?1.劃出句子主干

trunk(S+V)

謂語動詞有什么特點

2.括起修飾成分

（leaves）

撥開枝葉減少干擾

3.圈出句中連詞

branches

根據連詞確定從句類型4.理順邏輯讀懂句意

注意英漢差異：后置定語理清句子主干和附屬成分之間邏輯關系高考長難句分析口訣長難句，看仔細。一劃二括三會意。主謂賓，先注意。（一劃）(介短非謂和從句)。（二括）抓主題，去修飾。（三會意）邏輯關系要注意。謂語(predicate)或謂語動詞(predicateverb)的位置一般在主語之后。簡單謂語是由一個行為動詞構成的，比較容易識別。識別謂語復合謂語包括情態動詞+動詞原形、連系動詞+表語、動詞短語及被動語態bedone、進行時態bedoing、完成時態has/havedone、將來時態willdo/begoingtodo等。謂語動詞有什么特點？_________________________________想一想，哪些形式一看就是謂語動詞？

_________________________________________________________1.括從句時：以引導詞開頭，從句含主謂系統，結束標志有①______②______③主句的謂語動詞。

從句可以省略連接詞的情況：______從句以及_____從句。2.括非謂語動詞短語時：以v-ing或v-ed開頭，結束標志有①________②_______③謂語動詞。人稱、數、時態和語態的變化過去式，三單，動原形,is/are/was/weredone,has/havedone,has/havebeendone,will/cando,willbedone……等逗號逗號句號句號賓語定語DiscoveredbythePortugueseadmiralofthesamenamein1506,andsettledin1810,theislandbelongstoGreatBritainandhasapopulationofafewhundred.(找出該句中的謂語及非謂語動詞)判斷謂語和非謂語

Technologicalinnovations(技術革新),__________(combine)withgoodmarketing,willpromotethesalesoftheseproducts.1.空格處是謂語還是非謂語？2.此處應填____________.combined判斷謂語和非謂語1.Coffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.（22甲B）2.Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathitschooltoGinni.（22甲C）3.Accompaniedthroughoutby"NewScientist"astronomerandsciencejournalistAbigailBeall,touristswillobservestarsthroughtelescopes

attheobservatories

inpersonandmeetlocalexperts.

同位語

同位語從句

非謂語動詞做狀語說出劃線部分是修飾語中的哪一種

介詞短語

并列結構

狀語從句

插入語插入語：解釋說明作用，常用逗號或破折號，如“accordingto……”等，閱讀時可以__________。快速掃讀4.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.

(22乙B)5.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.(21甲D)Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues,oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.（22年甲卷B篇）Whatdoesthefollow-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?

A.Howfartheyareabletosee.

B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.

C.Whethertheyaresmarterthanmonkeys.

D.Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest.Exercise閱讀理解())(Theatmosphericlevelofcarbondioxide(CO2)—agasthatisgreatattrappingheat,contributingtoclimatechange—isalmostdoublewhatitwaspriortotheIndustrialRevolution.Thispresentsachallengetoresearchersattemptingtodesignartificialtreesorothermethodsofcapturing(捕獲)carbondioxidedirectlyfromtheair.ThatchallengeisoneaSandiaNationalLaboratories-ledteamistryingtosolve.32．Whatproblemispresentedinparagraph1?A．Theconstantchangeofatmosphere.B．Thedesignofartificialtrees.C．Therisingamountofcarbondioxide.D．Thestorageofcarbondioxide.20()

FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.(22年乙卷D篇）Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren’shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.Exercise閱讀理解))((ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity’sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.（22年甲卷D篇）WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?A.Itislosingitstraditions.B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.Exercise閱讀理解((()))HowtobuildacomplexsentenceForm:添加三長兩短兩語一并Hecameschool.Hecameschoollatethatnight.Hecameschoollatethatnightbecausehegotlost.

Hecameschoollatethatnightbecausehegotlostinthecity.Hecameschoollatethatnightbecausehegotlostinthecityafterwatchingthefootballgame.Hecameschoollatethatnightbecausehegotlostinthecityafterwatchingthefootballgame,whichmadehisteach