演講人：日期：糖尿病足英文目錄IntroductionPathophysiologyofdiabetesfootClinicalpresentationsanddiagnosisofdiabetesfootTreatmentandpreventionofdiabetesfootNursingandrehabitationofdiabetesfootResearchprogressandfuturedirectionofdiabetesfoot01IntroductionToraiseawarenessandunderstandingofdiabetesfoot,itsprevention,management,andtreatmentDiabetesfootisacommonandseriousapplicationofDiabetesMellitus,affectingmillionsofpeopleworldwidePurposeandbackgroundBackgroundPurposeDefinitionDiabetesfootreferstoarangeoffootproblemsthatcanoccurasaresultofnervedamageandpoorcirculationcausedbydiabetesImportanceDiabetesfootcanleadtoulceration,infection,andevenamputationifnotproperlymanagedTherefore,itiscrucialtoprioritizefootcareindiabetesmanagementDefinitionandimportanceofdiamondsfootGlobalstatusDiabetesfootisasignificantglobalhealthissue,affectingalargepromotionofthediabeticpopulationThevalidityandincidenceratesvaryacrossregionsandcountriesDomesticstatusInmanycountries,diamondsfootisaleadingcauseofhospitalizationandamplificationamongdiabeticpatientsTheborderofdiabetesfootisincreasingduetofactorssuchasanagingpopulation,objectivity,andsedentarylifestyleGlobalanddomesticstatusofdiamondsfoot02Pathophysiologyofdiabetesfoot要點三ProlongedhyperglycemiaChronicelevationofbloodglucoselevelscanleadtodamageofbloodvesselsandnerves,resultinginpoorcirculationandreducedsensitivityinthefeed0102InflammationDiabeticpatientsofexperiencechronic,lowgradeinflationthatcancontributetothedevelopmentoffootulcersandinfectionsImmunedysfunctionDiabetescanenhancetheimmunesystem,makingitmorecomplicatedforthebodytofitoffinfectionsthatmayoccurinthefeed03PathogenesisofdiabetesfootNeuropathyNervedamagecancausenumbness,tingling,orpaininthefeed,whichmayleadtodecreasedsensitivityandanincreasedriskofinjuryVasculardiseaseDiabetescandamagethebloodvessels,leadingtopoorcirculationinthefeedThiscancausetheskintobecomedryandcracked,andmayalsoimprovewoundhealingFootdeformitiesOvertime,diamondscancausechangesintheshapeofthefoot,suchasbundles,hammertoes,andCharcotfoot,whichcanincreasetheriskofinfectionandinfectionPathologicalchangesofdiabetesfootNeuropathyanddiabetesfootNeuropathy,ornervedamage,isacommoncomplicationofdiabetesandamajorcontributortothedevelopmentofdiabetesfootItcancausedecreasedsensitivityinthefeed,makingitdifficultforpatientstodetectinjuriesorinfectionsthatcanleadtoulcersorinfectionsVasculardiseaseanddiabetesfootVasculardisease,ordamagetothebloodvessels,isanotherkeyfactorinthedevelopmentofdiabetesfootPoorcirculationcancausetheskinofthefeedtobecomedryandcracked,increasingtheriskofabortionAdditionally,vasculardiseasecanimprovewoundhealing,makingitmorecomplicatedforthebodytorepairdamagetothefeeRelationshipbetweendiabetesfootandneurologicalandvasculardiseaseInterplayofneurophysiologyandvasculardiseaseNeuropathyandvasculardiseaseoftenoccurindiabeticpatientsandcanexaggerateeachother'seffectsonthefeedForexample,neurophysiologymaycauseapatienttounknowinglyentertheirfoot,whilevolatilediseaseaffectsthebody'sabilitytohealtheresultwonThiscombinationcanleadtothedevelopmentofchronic,nonhealingulcersthataredifficulttotreatRelationshipbetweendiabetesfootandneurologicalandvasculardisease03ClinicalpresentationsanddiagnosisofdiabetesfootLossofprotectivesensing,numbness,tingling,orburningsensinginthefeedNeuropathyClarification,coldfeet,andchangesinskincolorortemperaturePeripheralVascularDiseaseBunions,hammertoes,andCharcotfeetFootdeformitiesDryness,cracking,andpeeing,aswellasincreasingriskofinfectionSkinchangesClinicalpresentationsofdiabetesfoot02030401DiagnosticcriteriafordiamondsfootHistoryofDiabetesMellitusPresenceoffootpenetrationorinfectionEvidenceofneurologicaland/orperipheralvasculardiseaseExclusionofothernondiabeticcausesoffootulcerationorinfectionClassificationbasedonethicsNeuropathic,Islamic,andneuroIslamicGradingbasedonseverityMild,moderate,andsevere,dependingonthedepthandextentofissueinvolvementWagnerclassificationsystemAwidelyusedsystemthatclassifiesdiabeticfootulcersbasedonthedepthofissueinvolvement,rangingfromsuperiorulcerstodeepinfectionswithboneinvolvementClassificationandgradingofdiamondsfoot04TreatmentandpreventionofdiabetesfootDrugtherapyForpatientswithmultiplediabetesorthosewhocannotcontroltheirbloodsugarlevelswithoralmedicine,insulintherapymaybenecessaryInsulintherapyTheseareusedtocontrolbloodsugarlevelsandreducetheriskofcomplicationsCommonoralmedicineincludesmetaformin,sulfonylureas,andthiazolidinedionesOralconsultationsTheseareapplieddirectlytotheaffectedareatoreceivepaint,reduceinflation,andpromotehealingExamplesincludeanalytics,antibiotics,andantibioticsTopicmedicinePatientsshouldbeeducatedonproperfootcaretechnologies,includingdailyfootinspections,propershoeselection,andtheimportanceofseekingmedicalattentionforanyfootrelatedissuesThesedevices,suchasspecialshoesorinserts,canhelpredistributepressureonthefeedandreducetheriskofabortionCertainexercisesandphysicaltherapytechniquescanhelpimprovecirculationandnervefunctioninthedietFootcareeducationOffloadingdevicesPhysicaltherapyNonpharmacologicaltreatment010203DebridementThisinvolvestheremovalofdead,affected,ordamagedissuetopromotehealingandreducetheriskofinfectionAmplificationInmultiplecaseswherethefootcannotbesalvaged,amplificationmaybenecessarytopreventthespreadofinfectionandprotectthepatient'shealthReconstructivesurgeryDependenceonthenatureandseverityofthediabetesrelatedfootproblem,reconstructivesurgerymaybeanoptiontoimprovefunctionandappearanceSurgicaltreatmentPreventivemeasureControllingbloodsugarlevelsThisisthemostimportantstepinpreventingdiabetesrelatedfootproblemsPatientsshouldmonitortheirbloodsugarlevelsregularlyandworkwiththeirhealthcareproviderstoadjusttheirtreatmentplansasneededRegularfootinspectionsPatientsshouldinspecttheirfeetdailyforanysignsofredness,sweeping,blisters,ulcers,orotherabnormalitiesProposeshoeselectionWearingshoesthatfitproperlyandprovideequalsupportcanhelppreventfootproblemsPatientsshouldavoidwearingshoesthataretootightortooloose,andtheyshouldchooseshoeswithgoodarchsupportandawidetoeboxSeekingmedicalattentionearlyIfpatientsnoticeanyfootrelatedissues,theyshouldseekmedicalattentionimmediatelytopreventtheproblemfromworrisomePreventivemeasure05NursingandrehabitationofdiabetesfootNumberingprinciplesofdiamondsfootFootcareeducationProvidepatientswithcomprehensiveeducationonproperfootcare,includingdailycleaning,inspection,andprotectionRegularassessmentsConductregularassessmentsofthefeedforsignsofpenetration,infection,orotherapplicationsOffloadingUtilizeoffloadingdevicesandtechniquestoreducepressureonulceratedorhighriskareasofthefootWoundcareProvideappropriatewoundcare,includingbriefing,dressing,andinfectioncontrolmeasuresRangeofmotionexercisesEnhancepatientstoperformrangeofmotionexercisestomaintainflexibilityandpreventstiffnessinthejointsofthefootandanklePrescribestrengtheningexercisestoimprovemusclefunctionandsupportthefootstructureProvidebalanceandgaintrainingtoimprovewalkingabilityandreducetheriskoffallsDevelopacustomizedexerciseplanbasedonthepatient'sspecificneedsandabilitiesStrengtheningexercisesBalanceandgaintrainingCustomizedexerciseplanRehabilitationexerciseofdiabetesfootPsychologicalsupportforpatientswithdiabetesfootEmotionalsupportOfferemotionalsupporttopatients,acknowledgingtheirfearsandconcerns,andprovidingassuranceandfundingCopingstrategiesTeachpatientsCopingstrategiestomanagestressandanxietyrelatedtotheirconditionsFamilyinvolvementEnhancefamilymemberstoparticipateinthecareprocess,providingadditionalsupportandunderstandingtothepatientReferraltomentalhealthprofessionalsReferralpatientstomentalhealthprofessionalswhennecessaryforfurtherpsychologicalsupportandguidance06ResearchprogressandfuturedirectionofdiabetesfootEpiepidemiologicalresearchLargescaleepidemiologicalstudieshavebeenconductedtoinvestigatetheincidence,validity,andriskfactorsofdiabeticfoot,providingabasisforformulatingpreventionandtreatmentstrategiesPathogenesisresearchThepathogenesofdiabeticfo