中考英語閱讀理解必考題型

方法+真題訓練

一.細節理解題

（-）題型概述

細節理解題主要考查考生對閱讀材料中某一特定細節或文章的主要事實的理

解能力。考查主要分為兩種情況：一是直接細節類，其答案幾乎可以直接從原

文中找出來，考生只要根據題干中的關鍵詞與原文進行對照，就能找到答案；

二是隱含細節類，這類題雖然不能直接從原文中找到對應的詞或短語，但考生

可根據文章的隱含意義，如原因、前提或結果等仔細推敲，得出正確答案。

（-）解題方法

1.劃關鍵詞

2.定答題區間

3.找選項：a.完全對應b.同義替換

（三）真題訓練

l.TheschoolbusdriverlearnedaboutDawn'ssituationandinvitedDawn

tomoveinwithherfamily.Soon,DawnhadajobatBumsHighSchool.

Sheworkedfrom6a.m.to7:40a.m.beforethefirstschoolbellrang.She

sweptfloorsandpickeduptrashagainintheafternoons,before

diving（跳水）intoherstudiesintheevenings.

WhohelpedDawnwhenshefoundherselfhomeless?（）

A.Herteachers.B.Herneighbors.

C.ATigerMom.D.Aschoolbusdriver.

2.1amTurere.IefromKitengela,afarmingmunityontheedge（邊緣）of

NairobiNationalParkofKenya（肯尼亞）.Sincetheageofnine,Ihave

helpedtolookaftermyfamily'scows.Asachild,inmyfreetime,I

enjoyedplayingwithelectronics.Imademyowninventions,suchas

electronictoysfromcarpartsandotherthings.Ialsobuiltotherelectronic

devices(儀器)formyneighbors.

WhatwasTurereinterestedinwhenhewasachild?()

A.Trickingtheneighbors.B.Lookingaftercows.

C.Playingwithelectronics.D.Makingcarparts.

3.Oneday,whilewalkingdownacountryroad,Doynesawalittlegirl

breakinguprocks.Shesoonlearnedthat7-year-oldHimasoldtherocks

tosupportherfamily.Withdeepsadness,shedecidedtopayHima's

tuition(學費)forschool.Encouragedbythechangesinthechild,Doyne

thought,“Ifwecanhelponechild,whynot10?”

WhydidHimabreakuptherocks?()

A.Todophysicalexercise.B.Tobuildanewschool.

C.Togetmoneyforherfamily.D.Torepairthecountryroad.

4,Thereweremanybooksintheshop.Mr.Brownwasveryhappythatall

thebooksintheshopwerewrittenbyhim."Wherearetheotherwriters?

books?”heaskedthemanintheshop.Themanlookedupathimand

answered,“Oh,theyareallsoldout.”

AllthebooksintheshopwerewrittenbyMr.Brownbecause.

A.themanintheshoponlylikedhisbooks

B.themanintheshopwasMr.Brown'sfriend

C.hisbookswerebetterthantheotherwriters'

D.theotherwriters'bookswereallsoldout

二.推理判斷題

(-)題型概述

此類試題要求考生對文章中的內容及作者的思路做出合理的判斷和推理，也就

是要運用邏輯推理能力推出蘊含在文章中卻沒有明說的事實及暗示的含義。

(二)解題方法

1.針對特定細節信息進行推理

此類試題要求考牛根據語篇中具體的內容和信息點，推斷出文章中具體的細節。

解答此類試題時，一般可根據短文所提供的某些關鍵詞或短語去分析、推理和

判斷。

常見設問方式：

Wecaninfer/conclude/leamfromthepassagethat.....

Thepassage/author/paragraphimplies.....

2.對作者的觀點、態度、傾向、語氣的判斷

根據文章所提供的背景、人的表情、動作和語言進行推斷。另外，作者的觀點

和態度在文章的首段或尾段一般表現得最為明顯。考生要重點理解首尾段，提

煉作者的觀點。

常見設問方式：

Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowards...

a）positivesupportiveagreeoptimistic....

b）negativedisagreecriticaldoubtful....

c）objectiveuncertain

Howdidthewriterfeelabout.....

3.根據文章體裁和內容判斷文章出處

此類題目可以根據文章的用詞和格式，推斷文章的出處。如：報紙前會出現日

期、地點或通訊社名稱；廣告的用詞和格式都很特殊。

常見設問方式：

Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom.....

（三）真題訓練

l.Adoctorenteredthehospitalhurriedlyafterbeingcalledinforan

importantsurgery（外科手術）.Hefoundtheboy'sfatherinthehall

waitingworriedly.

Onseeinghim,thefathercriedout,“Whydidyoutakeallthistimetoe?

Don'tyouknowthatmysonisindanger?Don'tyouhaveanysenseof

duty?”

Thedoctorsmiledandsaid,“Iamsorry.Iwasn,tinthehospitalandI

cameasfastasIcouldafterreceivingthecallandnow,Iwishyou'd

calmdownsothatIcandomywork.”

Thefathershoutedatthedoctorbecausehethought.

A.hehadwaitedtoolongB.noonecaredfbrhisson

C.thedoctorwascoldtohimD.thesurgerytookalongtime

2.ThisiswhyIamwritingtoyoufrommyhospitalbedwithtwobroken

legsandaweakhead.IdidnotwinanythingattheOlympicsafterall.I

needthefactorytobuildmetwonewlegsandanevenbiggerhead.Then

Iwillbeabletopeteoncemore.Let'shopefbrgreatersuccessinthe

nextOlympics!

Howishefeelingnow?()

A.Fullofhope.B.Unsureabouthimself.

C.Heart-broken.D.Satisfiedwithhisresultthisyear.

3,“Couldn'thewaitsomeminutessothatIcanaskaboutmyson's

state?”shoutedthefatherwhenseeingthenurseminutesafterthe

doctorleft.

Thenurseanswered,tearsingdownherface."Hissondiedyesterdayin

aroadaccident.Hewasattheburial(葬禮)whenwecalledhimfbryour

son'ssurgery.Andnowthathesavedyourson'slife,heleftrunningto

finishhisson'sburial.”

Howmightthefatherfeelafterheknewthetruth?()

A.Angry.B.Excited.C.Sorry.D.Doubtful.

三.詞義猜測題

(-)題型概述

此類題目在設置時，需要猜測的詞匯大都為生難詞匯。考生需要重點掌握根據

上下文推測生詞或短語意思的技巧。

常見的設問方式：

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“XXX”meaninChinese/the

passage?

Thewordrefersto/probablymeans...

（二）解題方法

1.通過定義或釋義關系猜測詞義

定義或解釋形式多樣，常由thatis（tosay）,inotherwords,call,mean,be

consideredtobe,referto,becalled,beknownas等詞匯或破折號來表示。

2.通過舉例猜測詞義

恰當的舉例能夠為猜測生詞提供重要的線索。比如根據suchas,forexample,

like等詞的前后，或者是破折號前后的內容來猜測劃線詞的意思。

3.通過同義詞或近義詞猜測詞義

在文章中，有時作者為了避免重復，或為了表達同一事物的不同種類，使用同

義詞或近義詞。在這種情況下，我們就可以利用同義詞或近義詞的關系由熟悉

的詞語來推測不熟悉詞語的含義。

通過同義詞或近義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組,如happy

andgay,即使我們不認識gay這個詞，也可以知道它是〃愉快的〃的意思；二

是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞。

4.通過上下文語境猜測詞義

根據上下文語境暗示，運用邏輯推理來猜測生詞詞義

5.通過生活常識猜測詞義

有些生同我們可以利用科普知識和生活常識推測其含義。己有的生活經驗或常

識，往往會給閱讀后的理解提供有力的支持。借助于己有的，推測陌生的，這

就上升到了能力的提高，使生詞的破解成為了可能。

（三）真題訓練

1.Sometimes,studentsaregivenextendedlearningtasks.Thatmeans

theyneedtodomoreresearchandanalysis（分析）.Buthoweverbiga

taskis,teachersalwaysgivefeedback（反饋）tohelpstudentsfindthe

areaswheretheycanimprove.

Theunderlinedword"extended”inthisparagraphprobablymeans

*

A.擴展的B.特別的C.困難的D.實用的

2.Forexample,imagineyouareacookandmustservedinnerto100

guests.Howshouldyoudivideyourresourcessothatyoucangetthejob

donemostefficiently(高效上也)？Insituationslikethis,theabilitytothink

logicallywillgetyoutoareasonableanswerandsolveyourproblem.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword,resources”meaninthepassage?

()

A.科目B.效率C.信息D.資源

3.Forsome,thisresearchmaybecalming.Itisgoodtoknowthatour

brainis“lookingoutforus“inanewplace.Butitmaynothelpwith

sleep.Thatbrainactivity,atleastaccordingtothisnewresearch,makesit

hardertogetthesleeppeopleneedtowakeupwellrestedinthe

morning.

Theunderlinedword“calming”hastheclosestmeaningto“”

A.pleasingB.differentC.seriousD.strange

4.Thepenisveryutilitarian.Wecannotsignabillorwritealetteror

buyahousewithoutourpen.Anagreementisworthlesstillournameis

writtenwithapen.Thewritersencouragetheworldwithit.Thestudents

taketheirexaminationswithitaswell.

Theunderlinedword“utilitarian”inthepassagemeans

A.cheapB.boringC.specialD.useful

5.Workwithaveteranvolunteer.Hevolunteeredalot,hecanhelpyou

increasetheconfidenceandpletelyunderstandtheorganization's

expectations.

Theunderlinedword“veteran”inthepassagemeans"

A.politeB.humorousC.youngD.experienced

6.ButAdamsbelievedthatpeopleinhospitalneedmorethanmedicine.

Hesawunhappyandlonelypeople,andhetriedtohelpthemaspatients,

butaspeople,too.Hespentalotoftimewithchildreninthehospital,

andoftenputaspecialrednoseonhisfacetolooklikeaclownandto

makethechildrenlaugh.

Whatdoestheunderlinedworduclown,9inthispassageprobably

mean?()

A.木偶B.小丑C.外星人D.蜘蛛俠

四.主旨大意題

(-)題型概述

主旨大意題要求考生在閱讀和理解全文的基礎上對文章內容或段落內容進行

歸納、概括或評價。解答這類題目時，不能只憑文中的只言片語就斷章取義。

在涉及文章的主題(mainidea)、結論(conclusion)、結局(end)等有關問題時，，

需要在細讀全文的基礎上，結合所學的語言知識、背景知識、生活常識等進行

邏輯推理和判斷，從而挖掘出文章中隱含的信息。

常見設問方式

Whatdoesthetext/passage(mainly)tellus?

Whatisthetextmainlvabout?

Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?

(-)真題訓練

l.MrBrownisascienceteacher.Onedayhewantedtoshowsomething

importanttohisstudents.

Theteachertookalargemouthbottle.①Heaskedtheclass,"Is

thebottlefullnow?”Theyallreplied,"Yes!”

Theteacherthentooksomesmallrocksandputthemintothebottle.

②Thesmallrockswentintothespacesbetweenthebigrocks.He

thenasked,"Isitfull?”Thistimesomestudentsdidn'tgiveananswer,

butmostreplied,nYes!”

Theteacherthenstartedtodropsomesandintothebottle.Thesandfilled

upthespacesbetweenthesmallrocks.③Forthethirdtime,the

teacherasked,"Isitfull?nNowmoststudentsweredoubting,butstill,

somereplied,nYes!”

Thentheteacherbroughtoutacupofwaterintothebottle.④

"Whafsthepointofthisshow?"askedtheteacher.Onebrightstudent

answered,“Nomatterhowbusyyouare,youcanalwaysfindtimetodo

somemorethings/*

MNo,”saidtheteacher.nThepointisthatifyoudon'tplacethebigrocks

intothebottlefirst,you'llnevergetthemin.Thebigrocksarethe

importantthingsinyourlife.Ifyoufillyourlifewithsmallthingsas

shownbythesmallrocks,thesandandthewateryoullneverhavethe

timefortheimportantthings.n

Fromthepassagewelearnthat()

A.youshoulddosmallthingsfirstinyourlife

B.youshoulddoimportantthingsandsmallthingsatthesametime

C.youcanalwaysfindtimetodosomemorethingsifyouwanttodo

them

D.you*llneverhavetimeforsomethingimportantifyourlifeisfilled

withsmallthings

2.Somefriendsinviteyouoverandserveyouadeliciousdinner.

Someonelendsyouhiscarwhilethere*ssomethingwrongwithyours.

Youaresick,andafriendbringsyouamealandcaresforyou.

Howdoyoushowyourgratitude(感謝)？

Sometimessimplysayingthankyouisenough.Atothertimes,itis

thoughtfultosaythankyouinamoredifferentway.Besuretotellthat

personwhatyouaregratefulforandwhyyouaregrateful.

Herearesomemonwaystosaythankyou.

Youcanwriteathank——younote.Peopleareverybusythesedays.A

handwrittennoteshowsyoutookthetimetotellsomeoneyouare

gratefultohimorher.Oryoucancallandt