2021-2022學年上海市上海中學高一上學期10月考試英語試題II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Whatshouldyoutakeinwithyou____1____youtakeanexam?Pen,pencil,eraser,ruler...,anddon'tforgetabottleofwater!AccordingtoastudyattheBritishPsychologicalSocietyAnnualConferenceheldinLondon,____2____(bring)waterintoexamsmayhelpstudentsimprovetheirgradesbyupto10percent.ScientistsattheUniversityofEastLondonandtheUniversityofWestminster,UK,didastudyon447students.Thestudents____3____(study)fordifferentdegreesScientiststhencomparedtheirexamresults____4____theirnormalschoolworkgrades.Theyfoundthatthosewho____5____(bring)drinkswiththemgotbettergrades____6____between2and10percent.Itisunclearwhydrinkingwaterimprovesexamresults,____7____scientistssayhavingenoughwaterinourbodiesandnotfeelingthirstycouldhaveahelpfuleffectonourbrains.Drinkingwatermayalsocutdownonanxiety,whichhasagoodeffectonexamperformances,accordingtoChrisPawson,PhD,oftheuniversityofEastLondon."Whatevertheexplanationis,____8____isclearthatstudentsshouldtryhardtostayhydratedSonexttime,whenyouaregoingtohaveabigexam,____9____(try)bringingabottleofwaterwithyou.Whoknows--it____10____helpyoupasstheexam!【答案】1.When2.Bringing3.werestudying4.with5.hadbrought6.by7.but8.it9.try10.may【解析】【詳解】這是一篇新聞報道，研究表明學生帶水參加考試可以提高成績。1.考查連詞。句意：當你參加考試的時候，你應該隨身攜帶什么。空格處是引導從句的連詞，根據句意要引導時間狀語，故填When。2考查動名詞。句意：根據在倫敦舉行的英國心理學會年度大會的一份調查顯示：帶水參加考試有助于學生提高成績10%。空格處是主語，要用動名詞。故填Bringing。3考查時態。句意：那時，這些學生正在東倫敦大學為不同的學位而學習。空格處是謂語動詞。根據atthattime可知空格處是過去進行時。故填werestudying。4考查介詞。句意：科學家比較他們的考試結果和他們的正常學校分數。根據compared...with(和...比較）可知，空格處填介詞with。5考查時態。句意：他們發現那些帶水參加考試的學生成績比不帶水考試的學生的成績高大約2%——10%。根據found可知空格處是過去完成時。故填hadbrought。6考查介詞。句意：他們發現那些帶水參加考試的學生成績比不帶水考試的學生的成績高大約2%——10%。根據between2and10percent.可知此處表示增長幅度，因此要用介詞by。7考查連詞。句意：為什么帶水能提高成績還不清楚，但是科學家說體內有足夠的水不會感到口渴，可能有助于大腦思維。空格處表轉折，要用連詞，故填but。8考查代詞。句意：無論解釋是什么，很明顯，學生考試時保持含水的是有助于思維。空格處是主語，由于thatstudentsshouldtryhardtostayhydrated（含水的）withwaterduringexams是真正的主語，因此空格處是形式主語。故填it。9考查祈使句。句意：因此下一次參加大考時，盡可能帶一瓶水。空格處表建議，要用祈使句，即：動詞原形。故填try。10考查情態動詞。句意：它可能幫助你通過考試。空格處是謂語部分，根據Whoknows可知表推測，因此填may。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.ideaB.understandingC.learningD.surroundingE.designF.developG.creativeH.solutionsI.technologyJ.relativelyK.rethinkTechnologyinhighereducation:learningwithitinsteadoffromit.Now,researchersattheUniversityofMissourihavefoundthatactivity-basedlearning,ratherthanlecture-based,imporvesstudentcreativityandlearningbyallowingstudentstousetechnologyto____11____IsaJahnkeassociateprofessorintheMUCollegeofEducation'sschoolofInformationScienceandLearningTechnologies,collaboratedwithformerdoctoralstudentJuliaLiebschertostudyhowhighereducationprofessorsinEuropeusemobile____12____intheirclasses.Shefoundthatstudentcreativitywasmostenhancedbyprofessorswhoallowedtheirstudentstousetechnologyinateamsettingtocomeupwithanunusualproductor____13____.Forexample,onegroupofstudentsinahistoryclassdevelopedanappthatvirtuallyteachesusersaboutthehistory____14____theBerlinWall.Ratherthansimplylecturingthematerialtothestudents,Jahnkefoundthatallowingthemtousetechnologyinacollaborativewayenhancedthestudents'creativityand____15____ofthecontent."Thisresearchisusefulforprofessorstorethinkhowthey____16____theirexistingcourses,"Jahnkesaid."Weneedtoshiftawayfrompurelylecture-basedlearningwherestudentsarejustconsumersofinformationtowardamoremeaningful____17____approachwithtechnologywherestudentsareabletocomeupwithcreativeandnewsolutionsinateamsetting."JahnkeaddedthatthereareresourcesatMU,suchastheTeachingForLearningCenter,tohelpprofessors____18____theircoursedesignsintheever-changingeducationallandscape."Ifwehaveuniversitiesthatareproducingmorecreative-thinkingstudentsthenwehavemorepeoplewhocanhelpcomeupwith____19____forallofsociety'sgrandchallenges,"Jahnkesaid."Creativitywillleadtobetterinventors,managersandbusinessowners,butfirstweneedtoaskourselvesaseducatorsifweareusingtechnologytoputourstudentsinpositionstobe____20____inthefirstplace."【答案】11.F12.I13.A14.D15.B16.E17.C18.K19.H20.G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要內容是高等教育應該用科技來學習，而不是從科技中學習。【11題詳解】考查動詞。句意：現在，密蘇里大學的研究人員發現，基于活動的學習，而不是基于講座的學習，可以通過允許學生使用技術來形成自己的獨特見解，提高學生的創造力和學習。分析句子可知，空格處表示目的狀語，并且空格前已經有不定式符號to，因此只需要一個動詞原形。develop“形成，發展”符合句意。故選F項。【12題詳解】考查名詞。句意：密薩根州教育學院信息科學與學習技術學院的副教授IsaJahnke與前博士生JuliaLiebscher爾合作，研究了歐洲高等教育教授是如何在課堂上使用移動技術的。分析句子可知空格前有形容詞mobile，因此空格處需要一個名詞。technology“技術，科技”符合句意。故選I項。【13題詳解】考查名詞。句意：她發現，允許學生在團隊環境中使用技術，想出一種不尋常的產品或想法的教授們最能提高學生的創造力。分析句子可知此處為選擇性連詞or并列的兩個名詞位于冠詞an之后。idea“想法，主意”符合句意。故選A項。【14題詳解】考查非謂語。句意：例如，歷史課上的一組學生開發了一款應用程序，可以向用戶教授柏林墻的歷史。分析句子可知，空格處謂語名詞history后作后置定語，surround“圍繞；包圍；與……密切相關”，其現在分詞為surrounding作后置定語修飾名詞history符合句意。故選D項。【15題詳解】考查名詞。句意：Jahnke發現，允許他們以協作的方式使用技術，可以提高學生的創造力和對內容的理解，而不是簡單地向學生講授這些內容。分析句子可知空格處與creativity是由and并列的兩個名詞。understanding“理解（力）”符合句意。故選B項。【16題詳解】考查動詞。句意：這項研究對教授們重新思考他們如何設計現有的課程很有用。分析句子可知，缺少謂語動詞，主語為they，賓語為theirexistingcourses。design“設計，構思”，符合句意。故選E項。【17題詳解】考查非謂語。句意：我們需要從純粹的基于講座的學習，即學生只是信息的耗用者，轉向一種更有意義的技術學習方法，即學生能夠在團隊環境中想出創造性和新的解決方案。分析句子可知空格處為名詞approach“方法”的前置定語，learn動詞“學習”，其動名詞形式learning作名詞approach的前置定語符合句意。故選C項。【18題詳解】考查非謂語。句意：Jahnke補充說，MU有一些資源，比如學習教學中心，可以幫助教授們在不斷變化的教育環境中重新思考他們的課程設計。分析句子可知空格處需要使用“helpsbdosth.幫助某人做某事”結構，因此rethink“反思，重新考慮”符合句意。故選K項。19題詳解】考查名詞。句意：如果我們的大學正在培養出更多有創造力的學生，那么我們就有更多的人可以想出解決社會所有重大挑戰的解決方案。分析句子可知出現了“comeupwithsth.提出……”結構，因此空格處需要一個名詞，solutions“解決方法”符合句意。故選H項。【20題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：創造力將帶來更好的發明家、管理者和企業主，但首先我們需要問自己，作為教育工作者，我們是否正在使用技術讓我們的學生處于創造性的位置。分析句子可知空格處謂語系動詞be后作表語，因此需要一個形容詞。creative“有創造力的；有創造性的”符合句意。故選G項。III.ReadingComprehensionsSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Doyoufindgettingupinthemorningsodifficultthatit'spainful?Thismightbe____21____laziness,butDr.Kleitmanhasanewexplanation.Hehas____22____thateveryonehasadailyenergy____23____.Duringthehourswhenyoulabourthroughyourwork,you____24____saythatyou're"hot".That'strue.Thetimeofdaywhenyoufeelmostenergeticiswhenyourcycleofbodytemperatureisatits____25____.Forsomepeople,thepeakcomesduringtheforenoon.Forothers,itcomesintheafternoonorevening.Noonehas____26____whythisisso,butitleadstosuchfamiliarmonologuesas:"Getup,John!You'llbelateforworkagain!"Thepossibleexplanationtothe____27____isthatJohnisathistemperature-energypeakintheevening.Much____28____quarrellingendswhenhusbandsandwivesrealizewhattheseenergycyclesmean,andwhichcycleeachmemberofthefamilyhas.Youcan't____29____yourenergycycle,butyoucanlearntomakeyourlifefititbetter.Habitscanhelp,Dr.Kleitmanbelieves.Maybeyou'resleepyintheeveningbutfeelyoumust____30____lateanyway.Counteractyourcycletosomeextentbyhabituallystayinguplaterthanyouwantto.Ifyourenergyis____31____inthemorning,butyouhaveanimportantjobtodoearlyintheday,____32____beforeyourusualhour.Thiswon'tchangeyourcycle,butyou'llgetupsteamandworkbetteratyourlowpoint.Getofftoaslowstartwhich____33____yourenergy.Getupwithaleisurelyyawnandstretch.Sitontheedgeofthebedaminutebeforeputtingyour____34____onthefloor.Avoidthetroublesomesearchforcleanclothesbylayingthemoutthenightbefore.Whenever____35____,doroutineworkintheafternoonandsavetasksrequiringmoreenergyorconcentrationforyoursharperhours.21.A.called B.touched C.begged D.wanted22.A.turned B.needed C.answered D.proved23.A.cycle B.picture C.essay D.sheet24.A.must B.may C.need D.should25.A.peak B.hill C.limitation D.sort26.A.discovered B.delivered C.reflected D.showed27.A.question B.trouble C.matter D.fault28.A.school B.factory C.family D.soil29.A.lift B.raise C.ignore D.change30.A.keepoff B.handin C.stayup D.holdback31.A.low B.high C.up D.down32.A.get B.rise C.take D.signal33.A.saves B.leaves C.fades D.steals34.A.hands B.heads C.feet D.arms35.A.possible B.important C.confusing D.distant【答案】21.A22.D23.A24.B25.A26.A27.B28.C29.D30.C31.A32.B33.A34.C35.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。Kleitman博士對早上起床困難且痛苦做出了一個新的解釋，那就是“能量循環”，他證明了每個人每天都有一個能量循環。文章解釋了能量循環的作用以及如何讓你的生活更適合能量循環。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這可能被稱為懶惰，但Kleitman博士有一個新的解釋。A.called打電話，稱為；B.touched觸碰；C.begged懇求；D.wanted想要。根據后文laziness可知此處指把早上起床困難稱之為懶惰。故選A。【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他證明了每個人每天都有一個能量循環。A.turned轉彎；B.needed需要；C.answered回答；D.proved證明。結合上文“Kleitmanhasanewexplanation.”可知Kleitman博士對這一情況做出了新的解釋，即他證明了每個人每天都有一個能量循環。故選D。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他證明了每個人每天都有一個能量循環。A.cycle循環；B.picture照片；C.essay短文；D.sheet床單。呼應后文“whattheseenergycyclesmean”指每個人每天都有一個能量循環。故選A。【24題詳解】考查情態動詞辨析。句意：在你埋頭工作的時候，你可能會說你“很熱”。A.must必須；B.may可能；C.need需要；D.should應該。此處表推測，意為“可能”應用情態動詞may。故選B。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一天中你感覺精力最充沛的時候是你的體溫周期處于頂峰的時候。A.peak頂峰，巔峰；B.hill山丘；C.limitation限制；D.sort種類。呼應后文“Forsomepeople,thepeak”指感覺精力最充沛的時候是你的體溫周期處于頂峰的時候。故選A。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有人發現這是為什么，但它導致了這樣熟悉的獨白：“起來，約翰!你又要遲到了！”A.discovered發現；B.delivered相信；C.reflected反射；D.showed展示。根據后文“whythisisso”指發現這一現象的原因是為什么，應用discover。故選A。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對這個問題的可能解釋是，約翰在晚上處于他的溫度-能量峰值。A.question問題；B.trouble麻煩，問題；C.matter事情；D.fault錯誤。根據上文“itleadstosuchfamiliarmonologuesas:"Getup,John!You'llbelateforworkagain!"”指對約翰起床要遲到的問題的解釋。故選B。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當丈夫們和妻子們認識到這種能量循環的意思以及每個家庭成員所處的循環之后，許多家庭爭吵就結束了。A.school學校；B.factory工廠；C.family家庭；D.soil土壤。根據后文“quarrellingendswhenhusbandsandwivesrealizewhattheseenergycyclesmean,andwhichcycleeachmemberofthefamilyhas”可知是在說明家庭成員之間能量循環不同會家庭導致爭吵的問題。故選C。【29題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：你無法改變你的能量循環，但你可以學著讓你的生活更適合它。A.lift舉起；B.raise抬起；C.ignore忽視；D.change改變。根據后文“yourenergycycle,butyoucanlearntomakeyourlifefititbetter”指能量循環無法改變，但是可以學著讓生活適應它。故選D。【30題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：也許你晚上很困，但覺得你必須熬夜。A.keepoff讓開；B.handin上交；C.stayup熬夜；D.holdback隱瞞。根據上文“Maybeyou'resleepyintheeveningbutfeelyoumust”以及后文late可知此處指晚上熬夜，故選C。【31題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你在早上精神不太好，但又有重要的工作要做，那就比平時早起。A.low低的；B.high高的；C.up向上的；D.down情緒低落的。根據后文“inthemorning,butyouhaveanimportantjobtodoearlyintheday”中but表示轉折，說明早上精神不太好，但又有重要的工作要做，后文“you'llgetupsteamandworkbetteratyourlowpoint”也是提示。故選A。【32題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你在早上精神不太好，但又有重要的工作要做，那就比平時早起。A.get得到；B.rise上升；C.take帶走；D.signal信號。根據后文“you'llgetupsteamandworkbetteratyourlowpoint.”可知是建議早起，故選B。【33題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：慢點開始可以節省你的精力。A.saves節省；B.leaves離開；C.fades褪色；D.steals偷竊。根據后文“Getupwithaleisurelyyawnandstretch.Sitontheedgeofthebedaminute”可知此處指慢點開始來節省精力。故選A。【34題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在床邊坐一分鐘，然后把腳放在地板上。A.hands手；B.heads頭；C.feet腳；D.arms胳膊。根據后文“onthefloor”指把腳放在地板上。故選C。【35題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：只要可能，在下午做那些程序化的工作，把需要更多能量的工作留到你效率最好的時候去做。A.possible可能的；B.important重要的；C.confusing令人困惑的；D.distant遙遠的。根據后文“doroutineworkintheafternoonandsavetasksrequiringmoreenergyorconcentrationforyoursharperhours”可知，指只要情況可能的話，在下午做那些程序化的工作，把需要更多能量的工作留到你效率最好的時候去做。故選A。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Everykidwishestobeanadult.Butnowasgrown-ups,someadultsfindtheycannotleavechildhoodbehind.Theybecome"kidults"(kid+adult).Beingakidulthasbecomealifestyle-choiceamongyoungpeopleacrossAsia.Somekidultscollecttoystheyonceplayedwith.HelloKitty,Garfield,andSnoopyhavemanyadultfansaroundtheworld.Itisnotunusualtoseea20-somethingwomanwithabig,Garfield-shapedcushiononhersofaoraHelloKittymobilephoneaccessory.Otherkidultsstillenjoychildren'sstoriesandfairytales.Forexample,BloomsburyevenpublishedtheHarryPotternovelswithanadultcover.Thatway,nooneelseonthesubwaywillknowthatanadultisactuallyreadingachildren'sbook!"Kidultscanbelikevitaminstosociety.Adultswhovaluetheirchildhoodandholdontopure,child-likeemotionmaybeneededinsucharoughanddrysociety,"saidLeeSojung,professorofForeignStudiesatHankukTimGreen-halgh,aprofessor,explainedthatsomekidultsjustrefusetogrowup.Theyclingto(舍不得放棄)childhoodbecauselifeinabusyandstressfulcityfrightensthem.Kidultswouldliketoforgettheirageandopenlyshowtheirfearofsocietyandadulthood."So,theycanescapefromincreasinglycomplexandstressfullivesthatarehardtodealwith."Greenhalghsaid.36.Wecanknowfromthepassagethatkidultsare________.A.childrenwhocan'twaittogrowupB.Grown-upswhoholdontochild-likeemotionC.peoplewhoenjoyplayingsports.D.youngpeoplewhopretendedtobegrown-upswhenyoung.37.Accordingtothepassage,kidultswouldliketodothefollowingexcept________.A.buyHelloKittymobilephoneaccessories.B.readachildren'sbookonthesubway.C.workinabusyandstressfulcity.D.collecttoystheyonceplayedwith.38.Themaincauseofthekidultcultureisthat________.A.somecompaniesaretakingadvantageofit.B.modernlifeisstressfulandhardC.somepeopleliketostayyoungandenergetic.D.somepeoplewishtofillthegenerationgap.【答案】36.B37.C38.B【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。文章講述了亞洲年輕人群體中的一種社會現象，一些成年人害怕忙碌而充滿壓力的都市生活，他們收集童年時期的玩具，讀兒童讀物，不愿意放棄童年，成為“kidults”。【36題詳解】推理判斷題。結合第一段中“Butnowasgrown-ups,someadultsfindtheycannotleavechildhoodbehind.Theybecome"kidults"(kid+adult).(但現在作為成年人，一些人發現他們不能離開童年。他們變成了“kidadults”(kid+adult))”、第二段中“Somekidultscollecttoystheyonceplayedwith.(一些“kidults”收集他們曾經玩過的玩具)”、第三段中“Otherkidultsstillenjoychildren'sstoriesandfairytales.(其他的“kidults”仍然喜歡兒童故事和童話故事)”和第四段中“Adultswhovaluetheirchildhoodandholdontopure,child-likeemotionmaybeneededinsucharoughanddrysociety,(在這樣一個粗糙而枯燥的社會里，我們需要珍視童年、保持純真、孩童般的情感的“kidults”)”可推知，“kidults”是指那些懷念童年事物，擁有孩童般情感的成年人。故選B項。【37題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段中“Somekidultscollecttoystheyonceplayedwith.(一些“kidults”收集他們曾經玩過的玩具)”和“Itisnotunusualtoseea20-somethingwomanwithabig,Garfield-shapedcushiononhersofaoraHelloKittymobilephoneaccessory.(20多歲的女人在沙發上放一個加菲貓形狀的大靠墊，或者在手機上放一個凱蒂貓的配件是很常見的)”可知D項和A項是“kidults”們喜歡做的事情，根據第三段中“Thatway,nooneelseonthesubwaywillknowthatanadultisactuallyreadingachildren'sbook!(這樣，地鐵上的其他人就不會知道一個成年人正在讀一本兒童讀物了!)”可知B項也是“kidults”們喜歡做的事情，根據倒數第二段中“Theyclingto(舍不得放棄)childhoodbecauselifeinabusyandstressfulcityfrightensthem.(他們舍不得放棄童年是因為忙碌而充滿壓力的都市生活讓他們害怕)”可知“kidults”們害怕忙碌和充滿壓力的都市生活。故選C項。【38題詳解】推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中“Theyclingto(舍不得放棄)childhoodbecauselifeinabusyandstressfulcityfrightensthem.(他們舍不得放棄童年是因為忙碌而充滿壓力的都市生活讓他們害怕)”可推知，因為忙碌而充滿壓力的都市生活讓一些成年人感到害怕，所以他們不愿意放棄童年，成為“kidults”，從而產生了“kidults文化”。故選B項。(B)To:"TheShoePeople"<inquiries@>From:"JohnTrimbald"jtconstruction@ToWhomitMayConcern,IhavetrustedtheShoePeopletoprotectthefeetofmyemployeesforoverthenyearsnow.Irecentlypurchasedafewpairsofbootsfromyourcompanyformycrew.Thoughmymenwereinitiallysatisfiedwiththeboots,thesoles（鞋底）begantofallapartonthemafterjusttwelveweeks.Thiswasextremelysurprisingconsideringtheycamewithasixyearwarranty（擔保）.Thebootsareunsafetowearbecausemymenarepouringhotconcrete（混凝土）.PleaserespondassoonaspossiblewithinstructionsonhowIcanreturnthebootsandreceivearefund（退款）.Thankyou,JohnTrimbald,Foreman,JTConstructionTo:JohnTrimbald"<jtconstruction@>From:"TheShoePeople"<inquiries@>"DearMr.Trimbald,Thankyouforyoure-mailconcerningthepoorqualityofourrubbersoledblackwork-boots.Arepresentativewillbebyyourofficenextweektopickupthedamagedboots.Weapologizeforanyinconveniencethishascausedyouandyourcrew.Alongwithfivenewpairsofwork-bootsforyourcrew(weincludedoneextrapair),wehaveenclosedafreeyear'ssupplyofspray（噴霧）.Inourretailstores,thissprayisalwaysrecommendedtobuyerswhoworkonheatedfloors.Thisshouldhavebeenbroughttoyourattentionatthetimeofyourinitialorder(receivedbytelephoneonOctober12,2007).Pleaseexcuseouroversight.Todatewehavehadnocomplaintsaboutthesework-bootsfromcustomerswhohaveusedtheprotectorspray.However,shouldyouusethesprayandfindthatyouarestillunsatisfiedwiththeboots,pleasereturnthebootsandsprayforafullrefund.ThankyouforsupportingTheShoePeople.HaveaHappyNewYear.Sincerely,StanMason,President39.Accordingtothepassage,JohnTrimbaldisholdinga(n)________attitude.Aapologetic B.sympathetic C.appreciating D.complaining40.Bothsidesarecommunicatingwitheachotherthrough________.A.socialmedia B.textmessages C.e-mail D.letters41.Whatisthe"spray"usedforaccordingtothepassage?A.Torepairthedamagedboots. B.ToprotectthesolesfromheatC.Topreventthecrewfromdanger. D.Toprotectthebootsfromconcrete.42.AccordingtothepresidentofTheShoePeople,JohnTrimbald________.A.canexchangethedamagedbootswithnewonesatanytimeB.mustreturnthedamagedbootstoanyoftheretailstoresC.willgetnewpairsofbootsandafreeyear'ssupplyofsprayD.canreturnthedamagedbootsandsprayforafullrefundnow【答案】39.D40.C41.B42.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇應用文。文章包含了顧客與鞋店負責人之間的兩封郵件，顧客抱怨了鞋底破損，鞋店負責人提出解決方案。【39題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一封郵件的第三、四句“Thoughmymenwereinitiallysatisfiedwiththeboots,thesoles（鞋底）begantofallapartonthemafterjusttwelveweeks.Thiswasextremelysurprisingconsideringtheycamewithasixyearwarranty（擔保）.”（雖然我的人最初對靴子很滿意，但僅僅12周后，靴子的鞋底就開始脫落。考慮到他們有六年的保修期，這是非常令人驚訝的）可知，作者買的鞋子僅僅穿了12周后鞋底就開始脫落。所以作者是在抱怨鞋子的質量。故選D。【40題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一個表格的開頭“To:"TheShoePeople"From:"JohnTrimbald"jtconstruction@以及第二個表格的開頭“To:JohnTrimbald"From:"TheShoePeople"”可知，他們是通過郵件的形式解決來交流的。故選C。【41題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二封郵件第五句話“Inourretailstores,thissprayisalwaysrecommendedtobuyerswhoworkonheatedfloors.”（在我們的零售店，這種噴霧器總是推薦給在加熱地板上工作的買家。）可知，噴霧是用來保護鞋底不受熱能的損壞。故B【42題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二封郵件的第四句話“Alongwithfivenewpairsofwork-bootsforyourcrew(weincludedoneextrapair),wehaveenclosedafreeyear'ssupplyofspray（噴霧）.”（隨信附上五雙新工作靴（包括一雙額外的工作靴），免費提供一年的噴霧。）可知，John會收到鞋店發來的六雙鞋子和年免費的噴霧。故選C。【點睛】。本文一篇應用文。做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結合選項選出正確答案.推理判斷題也是要在抓住關鍵句子的基礎上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據。(C)MentalillnessanddisabilitywerefamilyproblemsforEnglishpeoplelivingbetween1660and1800.Mostwomenandmenwhosufferedfrommentalillnesswerenotinstitutionalizedasthiswastheperiodbeforetheextensivebuildingofmentalhospitals.Instead,theywerehousedathome,andcaredforbyotherfamilymembers.NowanewstudybyCambridgehistorianDr.ElizabethFoysterwillrevealtheimpactonfamiliesofcaringformentallyillanddisabledrelatives.Muchhasbeenwrittenabouttheinsanethemselvesbutfewstudieshaveconsideredmentalillnessfromtheperspectiveofthecarers.Thelifetimeburdenofcaringforthoseindividualswhosementaldevelopmentdidnotprogressbeyondchildhood,andwhocontemporarieslabeledas‘idiots’or‘fools’,hasbeenlittleexploredbyhistorians.Foyster’sresearch,whichhasbeenfundedbytheLeverhulmeTrust,willcarefullyexaminetheemotionalandeconomicconsequencesforfamiliesatatimewhenthePoorLawboundthemtolookaftertheirmentallyillanddisabledfamilymembers.Byaskingkeyquestionsabouttheimpactof‘careinthecommunity’inthe18thcentury,Foysterhopesthatherresearchwillbridgesocialandmedicalhistory.Specifically,sheaimstoprovideanhistoricalperspectiveforcontemporarydebatessuchashowresourcescanbestretchedtoprovideforchildrenwithlearningdifficultiesandanagingpopulation.“Thestressesandstrainsoffamilywereworsenedbyhighinfantmortalityandlowlifeexpectancy,andmanyindividualswerepushedtowardsmentalbreakdown,”sheexplained.“Moreover,inheritedconditions,senility(高齡)andwhattodaywouldbedescribedas‘specialneeds’couldputgreatemotionaldemandsonfamilymemberswhohadprimaryresponsibilityfortheirsickordisabledrelatives.”Theresearchwillshedlightuponhowcaringforthementallyillanddisabledraiseddifficultissuesforfamiliesaboutthelimitsofintergenerationalresponsibility,andwhetherfamilytieswereweakenedorstrengthenedbytheexperience.Thequestionsofhowfarshamewasattachedtohavinginsanityoridiocywithinafamily,andatwhatpointfamiliesbegantoseekoutsidehelp,willalsobeaddressed.“Thefamilymusthaveseemedaninescapablefeatureofdailylifebetween1660and1800,”saidFoyster.“Althoughtherewerethosewhowereabandonedandrejected,forthemajority,mentaldisabilitywasaccommodatedwithinthefamilyunit.Iaimtogettotheheartofwhatthisreallymeantforpeople’slives.”43.WhichisNOTthereasonwhythosementallyillanddisabledwerenotinstitutionalizedfrom1660to1800?AMentalillnessanddisabilitywerefamilyproblemsthen.B.Theextensivebuildingofmentalhospitalsdidn’tstartyet.C.Theywereabandonedbythegovernmentandthefamily.D.Thefamilywouldbefoundguiltyiftheydidn’tcareforthem.44.WhydoesFoysterwanttocarryoutthisstudy?A.Becauseitcanprovidesomefoodforthoughtforsomecurrentsocialissues.B.Becausethestressesandstrainsoffamilylifehavedrivenmanypeoplecrazy.C.Becauseshe’slookingforwaystocommunicatewiththesickordisabledpeople.D.Becausethelimitsofintergenerationalresponsibilityinsuchfamilies,interesther.45.WhichquestionwillNOTbestudiedintheresearch?A.Howshouldresourcestodaybestretchedtoprovideforanagingpopulation?B.Howdidcaringforthesickanddisabledaffectthefamily’searningpower?C.Howshamefuldidafamilyfeelwhentheirinsaneordisabledrelativeswerefoundout?D.Atwhatpointdidthosefamilieshavetobegintolookforoutsidehelp?46.Thepassageiswritteninorderto________.A.revealtheimpactonfamiliesofcaringformentallyillanddisabledrelativesB.provideanhistoricalperspectivetocontemporarydebatesC.shedlightuponwhetherfamilytieswereweakenedorstrengthenedD.introduceanewhistoricalstudycarriedoutbyaCambridgehistorian【答案】43.C44.A45.A46.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了劍橋歷史學家伊麗莎白·福斯特博士的一項新研究將揭示照顧精神病患者和殘疾親屬對家庭的影響。【43題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段中的“asthiswastheperiodbeforetheextensivebuildingofmentalhospitals.”可知，這是在精神病院廣泛建立之前的時期，根據第一段中的“Instead,theywerehousedathome,andcaredforbyotherfamilymembers.”可知，相反，他們被安置在家里，由其他家庭成員照顧（當時精神疾病和殘疾主要是家庭問題），根據第三段中的“atatimewhenthePoorLawboundthemtolookaftertheirmentallyillanddisabledfamilymembers.”可知，當時的濟貧法規定家庭必須照顧患有精神疾病和殘疾的家庭成員（不照顧他們就會被判有罪），以上三點是1660年至1800年精神病患者和殘疾人沒有被收容的原因，文中并沒有提到原因是他們被政府和家庭遺棄。故C項正確。【44題詳解】細節理解題。根據第四段中的Specifically,sheaimstoprovideanhistoricalperspectiveforcontemporarydebatessuchashowresourcescanbestretchedtoprovideforchildrenwithlearningdifficultiesandanagingpopulation”可知，具體地說，她旨在為當代的爭論提供一個歷史視角，例如如何利用資源為有學習困難和人口老齡化的兒童提供幫助。由此可知，她進行這項研究的原因是它能為當前的社會問題提供一些發人深思的東西。故A項正確。【45題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段中的“willcarefullyexaminetheemotionalandeconomicconsequencesforfamiliesatatimewhenthePoorLawboundthemtolookaftertheirmentallyillanddisabledfamilymembers.”可知，該研究將仔細研究在濟貧法規定家庭必須照顧他們的精神病和殘疾家庭成員的情況下照顧精神病患者和殘疾人給家庭造成的經濟后果，再根據倒數第二段中的“Thequestionsofhowfarshamewasattachedtohavinginsanityoridiocywithinafamily,andatwhatpointfamiliesbegantoseekoutsidehelp,willalsobeaddressed.”可知，我們還將討論家庭中的精神錯亂或白癡與羞恥感之間的關系，以及家庭在什么時候開始尋求外界幫助的問題，以上三個方面是該項研究要研究的內容，而沒有提到要研究當今的資源應如何用于應對人口老齡化。故A項正確。【46題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段“NowanewstudybyCambridgehistorianDr.ElizabethFoysterwillrevealtheimpactonfamiliesofcaringformentallyillanddisabledrelatives.”可知，本文主要介紹了劍橋歷史學家伊麗莎白·福斯特博士的一項新研究將揭示照顧精神病患者和殘疾親屬對家庭的影響，本文的目的就是介紹這項新的歷史研究。故D項正確。【點睛】涉及到文章意圖的推理判斷題難度較大，抓住文章主題是關鍵，例如本篇第4題，根據第二段“NowanewstudybyCambridgehistorianDr.ElizabethFoysterwillrevealtheimpactonfamiliesofcaringformentallyillanddisabledrelatives.”可知，本文主要介紹了劍橋歷史學家伊麗莎白·福斯特博士的一項新研究將揭示照顧精神病患者和殘疾親屬對家庭的影響，因此本文的目的就是介紹這項新的歷史研究。故D項正確。SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.RaisingConfidentKidsSelf-esteemisacollectionofbeliefsorfeelingswehaveaboutourselves.Havingahealthyself-esteemcanprotectusthroughdifficulttimesandhelpusremainfocusedonwhatisimportanttous.Researchshowsthatchildrenwithhighself-esteemgrowuptobemoreconfidentadults.Self-esteembuildingshouldstartyoung.____47____PraiseactionsYoungchildrenneedfeedback.It'showtheymeasuretheiractionsanditplaysaroleinlearningfromexperience.Providespecificpraiseaboutactualactionsperformedandeffortsmadeintheprocess.____48____IdentifystrengthsPreschoolersarealwayswatchingeachother.Onthebrightside,theylearnnewthingsfromeachother.Ontheotherside,theycanbecomeself-criticalwhentheyseeapeeraccomplishingsomethingtheystillstruggletodo.____49____Tellyourchildrentofocusontheirstrengthswhentheystarttodrawcomparisons.FosterasenseofbelongingYoungchildrenmaynotunderstandhowpeerpressureworks,buttheyfeelitwhenthey'rebeingexcluded.Showyourchildrenthattheyareimportantbylisteningtoandrespondingtotheirneedsandideas.Asmuchaspossible,saveg