安全工程專業英語學習通超星期末考試章節答案2024年PleasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,youcanfindtheanswerinthevideo.他蓋了一座龐大的水冷工廠,在這里把河水冷卻到4度,再灌入火熱混凝土內部的水管,把冷卻的時間從125年縮短到僅僅22個月。

答案:Hebuildsahugewaterchillingfactory,herehecoolsriverwaterdowntofourdegreesandthenshootsthroughthepipesintothehotconcrete,thisshortenthecoolingtimefrom125yearstoonly22months.PleasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,youcanfindtheanswerinthevideo.光是一臺機器的發電量相當于一座小型核能發電廠,32臺發電機的總發電量足以供6千萬中國人使用。

答案:Justoneofthesemachinesmakesasmuchelectricityasasmallnuclearpowerplant.All32generatorstogetherproduceenoughpowerfor60millionChinesepeople.Accordingtothevideo,ThreeGorgesDamisthepinnacleofdamengineering,sixingeniousleapsforwardarementioned,theyareleap1:____、leap2:____、leap3:____、leap4:____、leap5:____、leap6:____.(按照出現的先后順序作答)

答案:powergeneration發電;riverdiversion河川改道;concrete混凝土工程;flood蓄洪;shipping航運;sediment沉淀PleasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Withineighteenmonthsafterthefleetof71AtlasFmissilesbecameoperational,fourblewupintheirsilosduringoperationaltesting.Themissilesalsohadanextremelylowlaunchsuccessrate.Theairforcehadtypicallyblamedmostaccidentsonpiloterror,butthesenewliquid-propellantmissileshadnopilotstoblameandyetblewupfrequentlyandwithdevastatingresults.Whentheseearlylosseswereinvestigated,alargepercentageofthemweretracedtodeficienciesindesign,operations,andmanagement.Theimportanceoftreatingsafetyasasystemproblembecameclearand,asaresult,systemsengineeringandsystemsafety(asub-disciplineofsystemsengineering)weredeveloped.

答案:在71枚AtlasF導彈投入使用后的18個月內,有四枚導彈在發射筒中進行運行試驗時發生了爆炸。而且,這些導彈的發射成功率也是非常低的。空軍常常把大多數事故原因歸咎于飛行員的失誤,但(后來發展的)這些新型的液體推進導彈沒有飛行員可以指責,卻也頻繁發生毀滅性的爆炸。當(空軍)對這些早期的事故損失進行調查時,發現很大比例的事故發生的原因可以追溯到設計、操作和管理方面的缺陷。把安全看作是系統問題(或:把安全問題作為系統問題來對待)的重要性日趨明朗,結果,系統工程與系統安全(系統工程的一個分支學科)逐漸發展起來。PleasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.WhentheAtlasandTitanintercontinentalballisticmissiles(ICBMs)werebeingdevelopedinthe1950s,systemsafetywasnotyetidentifiedandassignedasaspecificresponsibility.Instead,eachdesigner,manager,andengineerwasresponsibleforthereliabilityofhisparticularcomponentorsubsystem.Asaresult,manyinterfaceproblemswentunnoticeduntilitwastoolate.

答案:20世紀50年代開發Atla和Titan洲際彈道導彈時,系統安全還沒有確立并賦予特定用途。取而代之,每位設計人員、管理者、工程師只是負責其特定組件或子系統的可靠性。其結果是,許多界面問題直到很晚才被注意到。UnitTwoPrinciplesofSystemSafetyEngineeringPleasetranslatethefollowparagraphs.Systemsafetyemphasizesanalysisinadditiontopastexperienceandcodesofpractice.Standardsandcodesofpracticeincorporateexperienceandknowledgeabouthowtoreducehazards,usuallyaccumulatedoverlongperiodsoftimefrompreviousmistakes.Whiletheuseofsuchstandardsandlearningfromexperienceisessentialinallaspectsofengineering,includingsafety,thepaceofchangetodaydoesnotalwaysallowforsuchexperiencetoaccumulate.Systemsafetyanalysisattemptstoanticipateandpreventaccidentsandnearmissesbeforetheyoccur,inadditiontolearningfromthepast.

答案:除了過去的經驗和操作慣例外,系統安全還強調分析。標準和操作慣例包括經驗和關于如何降低風險的知識,通常這些經驗和知識都是從以往的錯誤中長期積累形成的。雖然使用這樣的標準和經驗在工程問題(包括安全問題)的各個方面都是必不可少的。然而,在今天,(工程問題)更新換代的步伐往往使(我們)沒有時間去積累這樣的經驗。系統安全分析除了從過去的失誤中積累經驗外,還試圖在事故發生之前預測和阻止事故的發生。WriteagraduationcertificateforyourselfinEnglish.Youshoulddescribeyourpersonalinformationinyourcertificate.____

答案:Nolessthan50wordsPleasetranslatethefollowparagraphs.ThedawnoftheInformationAgehasresultedinthenewergonomicsfieldofhuman-computerinteraction(HCI).Likewise,thegrowingdemandforandcompetitionamongconsumergoodsandelectronicshasresultedinmorecompaniesincludinghumanfactorsinproductdesign.

答案:信息時代的到來產生了人一機交互的人機工程學新領域。同樣,消費品和電子產品日益增長的需求和競爭也使越來越多的公司在設計產品時考慮人的因素。Pleasetranslatethefollowparagraphs.WorldWarIImarkedthedevelopmentofnewandcomplexmachinesandweaponry,andthesemadenewdemandsonoperators'cognition.Thedecision-making,attention,situationalawarenessandhand-eyecoordinationofthemachine'soperatorbecamekeyinthesuccessorfailureofatask.Itwasobservedthatfullyfunctionalaircraft,flownbythebest-trainedpilots,stillcrashed.In1943,AlphonseChapanis,alieutenantintheU.S.Army,showedthatthisso-called"piloterror"couldbegreatlyreducedwhenmorelogicalanddifferentiablecontrolsreplacedconfusingdesignsinairplanecockpits.

答案:第二次世界大戰標志著新型的、復雜的機器和武器的開發,隨之增加了對操作者的認識要求。機器操作者的決策、注意力、情景意識和手眼協調能力成為工作成敗的關鍵。有人指出,功能齊全的飛機,由接受最好訓練的飛行員駕駛,仍然墜毀。在1943年,美國軍隊的一名中尉AlphonseChapanis指出,當合乎邏輯的和分辨清晰的操控替代使人迷惑的設計時,所謂的“飛行員失誤”可以大大降低。Completethefollowingsentences.Asalastresort,____________(PPE)canbeused.Itisespeciallyhelpfulwhenprotectionofabodypart,suchasthehandsthroughtheuseofgloves,isneeded.(全部小寫字母,每空一個單詞)

答案:personal;protective;equipmentCompletethefollowingsentences.Iftheabovemeasuresarenotfeasible,administrativemeasuresareconsidered.Theseinclude________(輪崗)orrequiringemployeestoperformseveraldifferentjobsduringashifttoreducerepetitioninatask.(全部小寫字母,每空一個單詞)

答案:job;rotationCompletethefollowingsentences.Thepreferredinterventionistheadoptionof________(工程控制),suchasthedesignandutilizationofergonomicallycorrectworkstationandworkplacelayouts.(全部小寫字母,每空一個單詞)

答案:engineering;controlsCompletethefollowingsentences.Principlesandpracticesareappliedtotheindustrialenvironmentalthroughactivitiesassociatedwithhumanfactors,suchasengineering,industrialengineering,occupationallayoutanddesign,productdesign,safetyengineering,________(職業醫學),or________(工業衛生).(全部小寫字母,每空一個單詞)

答案:occupational;medicine;industrial;hygieneCompletethefollowingsentences.Ergonomicsinvolvesknowledgeofsociology,____(心理學),anthropology,____(解剖學),____(生理學),chemistry,physics,mechanics,statistics,industrialengineering,____(生物力學),and____(人體測量學).(全部小寫字母,每空一個單詞)

答案:psychology;anatomy;physiology;biomechanics;anthropometryTranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese,usingthetechniqueofconversion.Payattentiontotheitalicizedword.Onlywhenwestudytheirpropertiescanwemakebetteruseofthematerials.

答案:只有研究這些材料的特性才能更好地利用它們。TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese,usingthetechniqueofconversion.Payattentiontotheitalicizedword.Earthquakesarecloselyrelatedtofaulting.

答案:地震與地層斷裂有密切的關系。TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese,usingthetechniqueofconversion.Payattentiontotheitalicizedword.Independentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.

答案:學習中的獨立思考是絕對必需的。TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese,usingthetechniqueofconversion.Payattentiontotheitalicizedword.Inthefissionprocessthefissionfragmentsareveryradioactive.

答案:在裂變過程中,裂變碎片具有強烈的放射性。TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese,usingthetechniqueofconversion.Payattentiontotheitalicizedword.Thedesignaimsatautomaticoperation,easyregulation,simplemaintenanceandhighproductivity.

答案:設計的目的在于自動操作,調節方便,維護簡單,生產率高。Completethegapswithwordsfromthebox.(agreed;employee;clearly;influence;violation;comply;temporarily;observed)Anexampleofthe____oforganizationalparadigms,values,andsafetyculturesonmanagementdecisionmakingwas____whenatextilemanufacturerwasconstructinganewfacility.Upper-levelmanagement,includingthesafetyandoperationsmanagers,____thateverycontractorwouldhaveto____withallcompanyhealthandsafetyrulesduringtheproject.Inallofthewrittencontracts,thiswas____noted.Ifthetextilemanufacturerobservedaviolation,the____ofthesubcontractorwouldbe____removedfromthejobsite.Arepeat____meantterminationofthesubcontractor’scontract.

答案:influence;observed;agreed;comply;clearly;employee;temporarily;violationCompletethegapswithwordsfromthebox.(paradigm;values;perspective;clearly;frame;discusses;happening;frequently;principles;nurturing)Thetermsafetycultureis____used,butwhatdoesitreallymean?Whenconsideredfromasafetymanagement____,safetycultureshouldbeviewedasa____andcultivatingenvironmentthat____lowriskinactionsoftheorganization.Inhisbest-seller,The7HabitsofHighlyEffectivePeople,StephenCovey____therelationshipamongparadigm,values,____,andsuccess.AsCoveypointsout,aparadigmisamodelor____ofreference.Itisusedtounderstandwhatis____atanygivenpointintime,aswellaswherewewanttogo.Organizationsneedacultureor____tohelptheminterpretevents.Theyalsoneedaculturewith____specifiedgoalsofwhattheorganizationwishestoachieve.

答案:frequently;perspective;nurturing;values;discusses;principles;frame;happening;paradigm;(10)clearlyCompletethegapswithwordsfromthebox.(effective;eliminate;potential;protect;workers;really;control;important;promptly)Ariskassessmentisan____stepinprotectingyour____andyourbusiness,aswellascomplyingwiththelaw.Ithelpsyoufocusontherisksthat____m