EnglishGrammar

Sentences

cherry

英語句子的種類(按交際用途）陳述句（說明一個事實或陳述一個看法，有肯定式和否定式，語序是主語在前，謂語在后。）疑問句(一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反義疑問句)祈使句

(表達命令、要求、請求、勸告等，用原形)英語句子的種類(按交際用途）感嘆句（由what或how引導的，表示驚奇、憤怒、贊賞、喜悅）THERE-BE存在句英語句子的種類(按結構)簡單句(simplesentence)并列句

(compoundsentence)復合句(complexsentence)I、句子種類（按交際用途分）陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句、THERE-BE存在句1、陳述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2、疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3、祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass4、感嘆句：Howclevertheboyis!II、句子類型（按句子結構分）簡單句、并列句、復合句、并列復合句二、句子類型1、簡單句只包含一個主謂結構，個個成分都是單詞或短語的句子。AllroadsleadtoRome.Hegotup,dressedquickly,washedhimselfandwentout.Isheasuperman?Don’tbeshy.Haveatry.Themandressedinblackseemstobeaspy.主語謂語賓語賓語賓補表語賓語(間)賓語(直)Vt（及物動詞）系動詞Vi（不及物動詞）英語句子基本成分示意圖簡單句（SimpleSentences）就是只包含一個主謂結構的句子英語中千變萬化的句子歸根結底都是由簡單句的五種基本句型組合、擴展、變化而來的,只要把這些基本句型弄清楚,你就會游刃有余了Ilikethegoldeneagle.Ithasahookedbeak.Itlooksstrong.Itislovely.SSSSVVlinkingverbs(系動詞)DODOP（表語)PredicativeV→1.S+V(lv)+P主語+謂語(系動詞)+表語系動詞表語表語:表示主語是什么(身份)或者怎么樣(處于什么狀態)be(amisarewaswere)/seem/keep/…是/好象(似乎)是/保持look/feel/taste/smell/sound

/…看/感覺/嘗/聞/聽起來(上去)become/turn/get/grow

/…變得常見的連系動詞1.表示感覺的動詞5個---翻譯為…起來feel感到

excited;smellgood;tastedelicious;soundinteresting;lookhappy2.表示變化的動詞：有固定的搭配getsmaller;growolder;becomestronger;turnyellow;gobad;cometrue3.表示狀態保持的動詞：stayhealthy;keepwarm;remain保持be(am,is.are,was,were)是；seem似乎必須是這三類專門的詞，而且必須表達這個特殊的含義時才是系動詞。Wecalltheman‘David’.azookeeperSVDOOC(賓補)ObjectComplementSVDOOCSVDOOCImakehimangry.HetellsustoprotectthebirdsDavidS+V+DO+OC主+謂+賓+賓補WecallthemanDavidDOOC1僅僅使用主謂賓無法說明完整句意必須添加補足語補充說明賓語情況判斷標準是在DO和OC中間可否加be動詞S+V+DO+OC主+謂+賓+賓補句型themanis就是是否存在邏輯上的主系表關系David此處為名詞賓補可接名詞賓補的動詞有call/elect/name/find…HetellsustoprotectthebirdsDOOC1僅僅使用主謂賓無法說明完整句意必須添加補足語補充說明賓語情況就是我們常見的動詞+sb+todo詞組

主+謂+賓+賓補句型簡稱主謂賓補此處為帶to的動詞不定式做賓補Hetellsustoprotectthebirds.常見的可接帶to不定式賓補的動詞有：tell,ask,want,wouldlike,wish,teach,invite…V+O+OC(Vsbtodosth)Mydeskmateoftenmakesmelaugh.常見的可接不帶to不定式當賓補的動詞有：一感二聽三讓五看”feel,/hear,listento,/let,make,have,/lookat,see,,watch,notice,observeV+O+OC(Vsbdosth)Hekeepsmewaiting.常見的可接動詞-ing形式作賓補的動詞有：Keep和see,hear,feel,watch,find…V+O+OC(Vsbdoingsth)Hespokeloudlytomakehimselfheard.常見的可接動詞-ed形式作賓補的動詞有：Have,make,get,see,hear,feel,watch,find…V+O+OC(Vsbdone)Canyouhearsomeoneplayingbasketballnextdoor?Hecamehomeatmidnightandfoundhismoneystolen.VsbdoneVsbdoingsthweshouldn’tgiveanyfood.thebirdsSVDO（直接賓語)DirectobjectIO(間接賓語)IndirectObjectHetellsmesomerules.IOVSDOsb.Sth.S+V+IO+DO主+謂+間賓+直賓句型IpassHeboughthimabookhissonapresent.IODOIODOtofor雙賓語結構中有兩個賓語，判斷標準是可否將兩個賓語順序替換并加介詞to/forS+V+IO+DO主語+謂語+直接賓語+間接賓語加to:bring/give/offer/pass/show/sell/tell/send/lend/return/hand加for:buy/choose/draw/make/order/paint/sing/save()1.Theweatherisgettingwarmerandwarmer.()2.Wepaintedthewallwhite.()3.Heaskedmetogoswimmingwithhim.()4.OnSundaymanypeoplehaveawalkinthepark.()5.MaryandLynnliveinTaiyuan.()6.Hedideverythingtohelpthepoor.()7.Jennyboughtawatchforhim.練習:下列句子分別屬于哪一基本句型

二、句子類型2、并列句包含兩個或更多互不依從的主謂結構，分句由并列連詞and,then,but,or,orelse,so,for,while,when;both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…,butalso,aswellas等來連接。Heisabasketballfan,andhiswifeisavolleyballfan.Honeyissweet,butthebeestings.Don’tbelate,forthereisameeting.Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.Heworkshardwhilehisbrotherisalazybone.HewasenjoyinghisKFCwhenafriendcame.常用并列連詞

coordinatingconjunctions平行并列連詞:轉折并列連詞：因果并列連詞:

選擇并列連詞:and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…norbut,however,while,yet,whenfor,so,therefore,thusor,otherwise,either…or1.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforharvesting,________everydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.2.Heisabasketballfan,____hiswifeisavolleyballfan.3.Honeyissweet,_____thebeestings.4.Don’tbelate,______thereisameeting.5.Hurryup,____you’llbelate.6.Heworkshard______hisbrotherisalazybone.7.HewasenjoyinghisKFC_____afriendcame.練習：用適當的連詞填空soandbutfororwhilewhen二、句子類型3、復合句復合句的某個成分，如主語、賓語、表語、同位語、定語、狀語等，由另一個句子承當。（1）名詞性從句

主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句統稱為名詞性從句。賓語從句注意事項：引導詞、語序、時態呼應、語態。主語/表語/同位從句注意事項：引導詞、語序、語態。注意：1、名詞性從句由什么引導;2、whether與if的區別；3、連接代詞有無-ever的區別；4、同位從和定從的區別。賓從的時態呼應，當主句動詞是現在時，從句根據自身的句子情況，而使用不同時態。例如：

Iknow(that)hestudiesEnglisheveryday.Iknow(that)hestudiedEnglishlastterm.Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.

Iknow(that)hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.

當主句動詞是過去時態（could,would除外），從句則要用相應的過去時態，如一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等；當從句表示的是客觀真理，科學原理，自然現象，則從句仍用現在時態。例如：TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica．I、引導名詞性從句的連接詞：that（無意義，不可省，不充當任何成分）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明從句內容的不確定性）asif,asthough（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在從句中均不充當任何成分

連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever連接副詞：when,where,how,why連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當從句的成分

what&whateverwho&whoeverwhich&whichever引導名詞性從句的區別1.___________isworthdoingisworthdoingwell.2.__________weneedismoretime.3.___________madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant.4.___________breaksthelawwillbepunished.WhateverWhatWhoWhoever___________________等引導的名詞性從句不含有疑問意義，相當于名詞后加一個定語從句，而____________________等引導的名詞性從句都含有疑問意義。Whoever,whateverWho,what二、句子類型3、復合句

（2）定語從句=先行詞+引導詞+其它。引導詞的選用取決于：1）先行詞；2）引導詞在定語從句中的成分；3）確定引導詞。注意：定語從句中的主謂一致；Hewastheonlyoneoftheboyswhowaspraisedbytheheadmasteratthemeeting.3、復合句(3)狀語從句即用作狀語的分句二、句子類型狀語從句=主句+連接詞+從句連接詞的選用取決于：1）搞清楚主從句的邏輯關系；2）確定連接詞。二、句子類型3、復合句

4）并列復合句即并列連詞連接了帶從句的并列句。Englishiswidelyusedintheworld,butChinahasthelargestnumberofpeoplewhospeakChinese.一、判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.簡單句復合句

簡單句

并列句

二、將下列各組句子合并成并列復合句或主從復合句。1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.1.Hewastired,sohewenttobed.2.Ourteachermustbeathome.Thedoorisopen.2.Ourteachermustbeathome,forthedoorisopen.

3.⑴Asatelliteisanobject.⑵Asatelliteiseithernaturalorman-made.⑶Asatellitetravelsinanorbitroundanotherobjectinspace.3.Asatelliteisanobject,eithernaturalorman-made,whichtravelsinanorbitroundanotherobjectinspace.4.⑴Therewasonceafamousdetective.⑵HewasnamedSherlockHolmes.⑶HelivedinLondon.⑷Thetimewasattheendofthenineteenthcentury.5.TherewasonceafamousdetectivenamedSherlockwholivedinLondonattheendofthenineteenthcentury.Hisparentsweresurprisedthatachildshouldworkouttheproblem__