PAGE組合練(十六)閱讀理解＋閱讀七選五＋短文改錯Ⅰ.閱讀理解AThelatestGlobalHungerIndexreportestimatestwobillionpeopleworldwidesufferfromhiddenhunger.Peoplewhosufferfromhiddenhungerhaveenoughtoeat,butthequalityoftheirfoodislow.Thereportwarnsthatfoodqualityisjustasimportantasquantity.Thereportliststhecountriesbythepercentageofthepopulationwhocan'thaveadequateintakeofnutrition,childrenyoungerthanfiveyearsoldwhoweighlessthantheyshouldandthedeathrateofnew-bornbabies.Itsays10ofthe14countrieswiththeworstscoresarelocatedsouthoftheSaharaDesertinAfrica.Morethan60percentofpeoplethereareundernourished.Thepercentagehasdoubledinthepasttenyearsandtheexpectedlifeofpeopletherehasfallenbytenyearssince1990.Peoplesufferfromfoodinsecurityandhighunemploymentbecauseofclimatechangeandlackofraininparticular.Butthenewswasnotallbad.Thereportsaysthenumberofchildrenunderagefivewhodieinsub-SaharanAfricahasdroppedsince2000,probablybecauseofadecreaseinmalaria(瘧疾)rate.Vietnam'sscorehasdroppedmorethan75percentsince1990.ThenumberofunderweightchildreninVietnamhasdroppedsharply,andthenumberofchildrenunderagefivewhodiehasbeencutinhalf.Eatinglow-qualityfoodcanhurtpeopleasmuchasnotgettingenoughfood.Hiddenhungerisverydifferentfromtheso-calledvisiblehunger.Itmeanslackofmicronutrient(微量元素)orvitaminsinaperson'sdiet,whichcancauselong-termandgreatdamagetotheirmentalandphysicalhealth.Andthisisparticularlysevereforchildren.Thiskindofhungercanalsoweakentheimmunesystem.Itcanalsoaffectaperson'smindandevencausedeaths.TheGlobalHungerIndexreportshiddenhungerishappeningevenaslevelsofhungerinmanydevelopingcountriesdecrease.Peoplecanbeoverweightbutstillsufferfromhiddenhunger.Tokeepfit,theyshouldhaveabalanceddietandeatavarietyoffruitsandvegetables.It'shightimethatcountriesallovertheworldshouldworktogethertobringanendtohiddenhunger.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。依據最新的全球饑餓指數報告，全世界有二十億人患有隱性饑餓。患有隱性饑餓的人有足夠的食物吃，但他們的食物質量不高，飲食中缺乏微量元素和維生素。該報告指出食品質量和食品數量同等重要。1．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?A．Twobillionpeopledieofhiddenhungereveryyear.B．Hiddenhungeristhemostseriousfoodproblemworldwide.C．Peoplewhoeatpoor-qualityfoodcandevelophiddenhunger.D．Peoplewhosufferfromhiddenhungerusuallyhavelittlefoodtoeat.解析：細微環節理解題。依據第一段的其次句可知，患有隱性饑餓的人有足夠的食物吃，但他們的食物質量很差。答案：C2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“undernourished”inParagraph2mean?A．Weakandunhealthy.B．Strongandenergetic.C．Starving.D．Indanger.解析：詞義揣測題。依據畫線單詞所在語境可知，全球饑餓指數報告列出的14個國家中有10個位于非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南，在那里60%以上的人養分不良。而其次段開頭提到“whocan'thaveadequateintakeofnutrition”，依據這兩個信息可推斷答案。答案：A3．WhatmainlycauseshiddenhungerforthepeopleinAfrica?A．Thefoodtheyeatispolluted.B．Theycan'tfindwell-paidjobs.C．Theyoftensufferfrommalaria.D．Theweatherhasabadeffectonthem.解析：細微環節理解題。依據其次段的最終一句可知，非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南的這10個國家的人們遭受食物短缺和高失業率，是由于氣候改變尤其是雨水匱乏這樣的天氣因素造成的。答案：D4．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Fatpeoplewillnotsufferfromhiddenhunger.B．It'snecessaryforpeopletoeatdifferenttypesoffood.C．Hiddenhungerwilldisappearaslevelsofhungerfall.D．Itisimpossibletogetridofhiddenhungerinthewholeworld.解析：推理推斷題。依據最終一段的第三句可知，人們應當吃各種不同的食物來吸取各類養分，這樣才能消退隱性饑餓。答案：BBAparasite(寄生蟲)thatcantransformantsintozombies(僵尸)andmakethemfollowitsordermaysoundlikesomethingstraightoutofasciencefictionmovie.However,thatispreciselywhattheOphiocordycepsunilateralis,orzombieantfungus(真菌),doestocarpenterants.FoundprimarilyintropicalcountrieslikeBrazilandThailand,thezombieantfungusbeginsbyemptyingtheinfectedinsect'snutrientsandtakingcontrolofitsmind.Itthenwillstheenslavedinsecttosearchforleavesabout25centimetersaboveground—azonethathastherighttemperatureandhumidityforthefungustosurvive.Oncetheideallocationisfound,thepoorantisforcedtoclamp(夾緊)itsjawstotheundersideoftheleaf.Curioustoknowhowthefungusaccomplishesthishorrifyingbutimpressivetask,ateamledbyPennsylvaniaStateUniversityscientist,DavidHughes,decidedtoinvestigate.Thescientistsusedascanningelectronmicroscopetocreate3Dimagestodeterminethedistribution,populationandinteractionsofthefungiinsidetheinfectedinsects'bodies.Totheirsurprise,theyfoundthatwhilethefungicoveredanant'sentirebodylikeablanket,itleftitsbrainuntouched.Theyalsofoundthattheparasite'scellswereconnected,suggestingthefungiformedabondtocontrolthehost'sbehaviorasagroup.“Normallyinanimals,behavioriscontrolledbythebrainsendingsignalstothemuscles,butourresultssuggestthattheparasiteiscontrollinghostbehaviorintheouterarea.Almostlikeapuppeteer(操縱木偶的人)pullsthestringstomakeapuppetmove,thefunguscontrolstheant'smusclestocontrolthehost'slegsandjaws，”saidHughes.Theresearchersstillneedtoinvestigatewhytheparasiteavoidsthebrain.Theyguessitpreservestheant'sbrainpowersotheantcanmovearoundandmoreimportantly,accomplishtheimportanttaskofgraspingaleaftightly.Thescientistsbelievethatthefungiinsteadreleaseaspecialchemicalthatforcestheant'smusclestocontractandmove—similartohowwecontrolaremote-controlledcar.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了一種名為zombieantfungus的寄生真菌，這種寄生真菌可以像限制牽線木偶一樣限制其感染對象。5．Whydoesthezombieantfungusneedaleafabout25centimetersaboveground?A．Itsdescendantscanspreadbetterthere.B．Thatistheirideallocationforgrowing.C．Itcancontrolitshostbetterthere.D．Theleafhelpsthehostlivelonger.解析：細微環節理解題。依據其次段的“azonethathastherighttemperatureandhumidityforthefungustosurvive”可知，這里是它們志向的生存場所。答案：B6．Withthehelpof3Dimages,thescientistsfoundtheparasite________.A．failedtocontroltheantcompletelyB．couldbegotridofwithsomeeffortC．didn'tcontrolthevictimfromwithinD．infectedasmallpartoftheant'sbody解析：細微環節理解題。依據第四段的其次句可知，他們發覺這種寄生真菌不是通過感染木蟻的大腦來限制受害者的。答案：C7．Whydoestheparasiteavoidtheant'sbrain?A．Theant'sbrainhasavitalfunctiontofulfill.B．Itisdifficultfortheparasitetodothat.C．Theparasitecannotenterthehost'sbrain.D．Theparasitedoesn'twanttheanttodie.解析：推理推斷題。依據最終一段的其次句可知，探討人員認為木蟻的大腦還有特別重要的任務要完成。答案：A8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．CarpenterAntsAreTurnedintoZombiesB．AParasiteUsesCarpenterAntstoSpreadC．ScientistsFindaBigSecretaboutCarpenterAntsD．AnAntParasiteControlsItsVictimsLikeaPuppeteer解析：標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一種名為zombieantfungus的寄生真菌，這種寄生真菌可以像限制牽線木偶一樣限制其感染對象。由此可知答案。答案：DⅡ.閱讀七選五Maintaininggoodhealthdoesn'thappenbyaccident.Itrequiresyoutoworkinmanyareas.1Itstrengthensthebones,andmakestheheartandlungsworkbetter.Themostbeneficialtypeofexerciseisaerobics(有氧運動)．Aerobicexercise,intheformofjogging，cyclingorswimming,strengthenstheheart.Italsohelpstorelievepressure.2Itcouldbedancingorjustwalking.Aslongasyouwouldliketodoitregularly,youwillbefit.Peoplewhoarefitenjoylifemorebecausetheycanjoininanykindofactivity.Tohaveahealthylife,itisnecessarytodevelopgooddietaryhabits.Eatavarietyoffoodbutspeciallymorewhole-grains,apples,oranges,pears,greenvegetablesandfish.Decreaseintakeofanimalfats.Avoideatingjunkfoodorprocessedfoodwhichishighinthesugarorsaltcontentandhaslittlenutritionalvalue.3Beingoverweightcanleadtoalotofhealthproblems.Youcansufferfromheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure.Weightcontrolrequireseffortandself-control.4Watchtheamountandtypeoffoodyoueatandremembernolatenightmeal.Makesureexerciseispartofyourdailyprogram.Takingcareofyourmindisimportantifyouwanttokeepfit.Developagoodbalancebetweenworkandsociallife.5Limityouractivitiestothemostimportantonesandgivethose100%.Overextendingyourselfcanleadtostressordiscouragement.A．Don'ttrytotakeontoomuch.B．Butdonotskipyourbreakfast.C．Dietandexerciseplaythemostimportantroleinit.D．Avoidstressbyexercisinganddevelopinghobbies.E．Itishelpfultochooseaformofexerciseyouenjoy.F．Regularexerciseisabsolutelynecessaryforgettingwell.G．Learningcookingtipscanhelpguaranteehealthydietandcontrolweight.[語篇解讀]文中介紹了四種保持健康的方法：熬煉，合理飲食，限制體重和留意心理健康。1．解析：本空是段首句，本段主要講熬煉的好處和熬煉的方式，因此本空應選F項“有規律的熬煉對身體健康是肯定必要的”。答案：F2．解析：本空后面一句講的是熬煉的方式：可以是跳舞，也可以是漫步，只要你情愿定期地去做。由此反推本空選E項“選擇一種你喜愛的熬煉方式是有幫助的”。答案：E3．解析：本空是段尾句，該段講的是“要想擁有健康的生活，養成良好的飲食習慣是有必要的”。空前提到不要吃垃圾食品和高糖高鹽及沒有太大養分價值的加工食品，B項“但不要不吃早餐”，承接上文，且符合段落主旨。答案：B4．解析：本段講的是限制體重。本空后面內容講到了“留意你吃的食物的數量和種類，記住不吃夜宵。確保熬煉是你日常安排的一部分”。因此C項“飲食和熬煉在限制體重方面起著最重要的作用”符合語境。答案：C5．解析：本段內容主要有關切理方面，空后講到將活動限制在最重要的幾個上面，全力去做，操勞過度會帶給自己壓力或者使人泄氣，因此選項應當與擔當的事物相關，故A項“不要負擔太多”引領下文內容，符合語境。答案：AⅢ.短文改錯Nowadays,ourgovernmentpaysmanyattentiontowastesorting.Eveninsomebigcity,lawsandpoliciesareissuedtoforcepeopletoclassifyontheirrubbishindailylife.Atfirst,itisdifficulttoapplythepoliciestodailylife，especiallyforthosewhichknowlessaboutwastesorting.Butwiththegovernment'sefforts,moreandmorepeoplehavebasicknowledgeofwastesorting.Knowhowtoclassifydifferentelementsandthrowitintodifferentdustbins，p