基礎知識梳理基礎知識梳理課前復習：我自己的房間獨自地；靠自己區別：HowlongHowfarHowoftenHowsoon物理課程在讀大學元音字母開頭卻發輔音的單詞輔音字母開頭卻發元音的單詞發元音的字母Choosethebestanswer（選擇最恰當的答案）：()1.Lindaalwaystakes______activepartinsportsafterschool./B.aC.anD.the()2.Thereis_________“m”intheword“kilometer”._A.theB.an C.a D./()3.YouknowGermanyis___________Europeancountry.A.the B./ C.a D.an()4.Thereis__________“u”intheword“Europe”._A.aB./ C.an D.the()5.What___________honestgirlJaneis!A.a B./ C.the D.an()6.Thereare_______fewmistakesinyourposition.Don'tmake_______sameonesagain,please.A.a;theB.a;aC.the;theD./;/()7.Theworkersinthatfactoryarepaidby_______hour.A.aB.anC.theD./()8.______oldladyinbrownis______universityprofessor. A.An…a B.An…/ C.The…an D.The…a()9.Whatdoes__________“O”meanin“WTO”?A.theB.an C.a D./()10.Thereis_________“m”intheword“kilometer”.__________“m”isthefifthletter.A.the…AB.the…An C.a…The D.an…The()11.Don’ttake_________basketballaway.Wearegoingtoplay_________basketballsoon.A.the…the B.the…/ C.a…the D./…/重要詞匯importantwordsintroducev.介紹；引進詞性轉換：_______________n.引言similaradj.相似的短語：__________________和…是相似的詞性轉換：similarityn.相似點()Twinsareusuallysimilar___________eachother.A)toB)as C)inD)forexpectv.期待詞性轉換：_______________n.期待_______________adj.預期的_______________adj.出乎意料的短語：___________________期待做某事=__________________IexpecttoachieveAgradesinallmysubjects.（保持句意相同）I_________________________toachievingAgradesinallmysubjects.successfuladj.成功的詞性轉換：_______________n.成功_______________v.成功_______________adj.成功地短語：___________________=__________________成功做成某事1.LinDansucceededin________agoldmedalin2012LodonOlympicGames. A)win B)won C)towin D)winning2.LittleJames___________(successful)inswimmingacrosstheriverlastyear.3.Shehasfinishedwritingthreeputergames（success）4.Noonecanachieve___________(successful)withouthardwork.businessn.生意（不可數）；公司（可數）詞性轉換：_________________adj.忙碌的_________________n.商人短語：_____________________一個家族公司_____________________在出差______________________忙于…()Mybrotheristhemanagerofthepany.“pany”means______.A.salesB.puterC.businessD.clubmanagern.經理詞性轉換：_________________v.管理；經營=__________________________n.管理；經營短語：_____________________設法做成某事=____________________Mr.Brownisoneofthe(manage)oftheshoppingcenter.responsibleadj.負責的詞性轉換：_________________n.責任=duty短語：_____________________責任感_____________________對…負責WendyWang'smumisinchargeofthesalesofputergames.（保持句意基本不變）WendyWang'smum________________ofthesalesofputergames.2.Parentsareresponsible_____aftertheirchildrennow.A.tolookB.tolookingC.forlookingD.forlooksellv.賣詞性轉換：_________________n.賣方_________________n.銷售；銷量；銷售額短語：_____________________在打折_____________________待售AtChristmas,allkindsofthingsareon________inbigdepartmentstores.（sell）Hisjobisto(sale)secondhandcars.achievev.獲得；得到=get詞性轉換：_________________n.成就短語：_____________________實現某人的夢想/目標failv.失敗詞性轉換：_________________n.失敗短語：_____________________做某事失敗=beunabletodosth諺語：Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失敗是成功之母。Tomwasstillonthewaytoschool,becausehe(failure)tocatchthefirstbus.TomfailedtocatchthesmartmouseJerryagain(改為反意疑問句)TomfailedtocatchthesmartmouseJerryagain，__________________？Don’tgiveupeasily,(fail)isthemotherofsuccess.二、短語及句型phrasesandsentencesmustbecan’tbe1.Look!Thelightison.She______beathome.A.canB.mustC.needD.should2.IsawLindainthezoominutesago.She__________beathomenow.A.can’tB.mustC.mayD.mustn’tputonwearIt'stimetogotoschool.yourschooluniformanddon’tbelate.A)WearB)PutonC)DressD)Dressup受…歡迎AsurveyshowedthatJingjingandHuanhuanwereamongthefiveBeijingOlympicmascots(吉祥物).A)popularB)morepopularC)mostpopularD)themostpopular在早飯期間inourfamilycar1.Howdoesyourmothergotoworkeveryday?_____.A.Byacar.B.Bycars.C.Inhercar.D.Bythecar.2.Ialwaysgotoschoolinourfamilycar.(劃線提問)________________youalwaysgotoschool?（建議510分鐘）Choosethebestanswer.（選擇最恰當的答案。）（共18分）AlthoughWendyownshisownbusiness,sheisstillat_______school.

A an B a C the D /Wendydoesn’tdrive______toschoolbecauseshehasadriver.

A she B her C hers D herselfYou_______muchmoneytokeepyourselfhappy.

A needn’tto B don’tneed C don’tneedto D can’tWendyandherfamilydiscussthebusiness_____breakfastanddinner.A in B over C on D atWendyhassoldoutover_______putergames.

A ahalfmillion B halfamillion C halfamillions D ahalfmillionWendylosthercar.She______beveryunhappybynow.A should B must C can D mayAfterschoolWendyusually_______violinlessons.A has B ishaving C willhave D hashadIt’srainingoutside.Please_______yourraincoatbeforeyougoout.

A wear B dress C puton D takeoffWewillcontinue________ourprojectonSunday. A do B doing C did D doneWendyachievesAgradesinallhersubjects.Theunderlinedpart’achieves’means_____.

A goesto B goeson C gets D growsTheboy________athomeasnobodyanswersthedoor.AmustbeBmustn’tbeCcanbeDcan’tbeThebabyissleeping.Please________theradioalittle.AturnonBturnoffCturnupDturndownIhearhehasalreadygonetoParis________business.AinBwithCatDonIt’squiteimportantforusto________inEnglishwhenwelearnEnglish.\AspeakBsayCtalkDtellSincetheweather________cold,thehomelesssheltershavebeemorecrowded.AhadgotBhasgotCgotDgetsAsurveyshowsthatmoststudentsexpect________lesshomeworkandmoresleep.AhaveBhavingCtohaveDhadDoyoumindmyseatinghere?________.Nooneisseated.ABetternotBNevermindCOfcoursenotDThat’srightpletethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.（用括號中所給單詞的適當形式完成下列句子。）（共5分）Myuncleusedtogrowalotofvegetablesandwenttotownto____________(sale)theminthemarket.Wendy’sparentsbothworkedintheirfamily____________(busy).Howoftendoyoudo____________(physics)exerciseorsports?Itis____________(bore)tolistentothesamestory.Whenshegrowsup,shewantstobea____________(success)businesswoman.We'regoingonholidaysoon,_____________(probable)nextmonth_________isthemotherofsuccess.(fail)Weoftenhelpthose______inourschoollibrarykeepbooksinorder.(assist)Iwasalittlenervousbeforetheconcert._______Istillgottheprize.(luck)Rewritethesentencesasrequired.（按要求改寫下列句子，每空格限填一個單詞。）LiHuadoeshishomeworkatseveninthemorning.（改為否定句）

LiHua________________________hishomeworkatseveninthemorning.WendyachievedAgradesinallsubjects.（改一般疑問句）

____________Wendy____________Agradesinallsubjects?.Mybrothergoestothelibraryfourtimesamonth.（就劃線部分提問）

________________________doesyourbrothergotothelibrary?WendyhasbeentoAustraliafivetimes.（就劃線部分提問）

How________________________hasWendybeentoAustralia?LiMingwasn’tabletopasstheMathstest.（保持原句意思不變）

LiMing________________________passtheMathstest.MrZhanghasbeenateachersincehecamebackChina.(劃線提問)_____________hasMrZhangbeenateacher.Tomransofastthathewonfirstprize.(保持原意)Tomran___________towinfirstprize.Iknowonlyalittleaboutit.(對劃線部分提問)_____________doyouknowaboutit?LiMingwasn'tabletopassthemathstest.(保持原句意思)LiMing___________passthemathstest.among,world,Shanghai,the,cities,the,famous,most,is,in(連詞成句)__________________________________________________________現在完成時目標一：掌握現在完成時的構成目標二：掌握現在完成時的用法目標三：掌握現在完成時短暫性動詞與延續性動詞的轉變目標四：掌握現在完成時與一般過去時的區別【目標一：現在完成時構成】句式構成縮寫含義肯定式have/has+過去分詞主語’s/主語’veShehas/She’slostherbooks．否定式have/has+not+過去分詞haven’t/hasn’tTheyhaven’thadlunch.一般疑問式have/has提前無Haveyoueverwonanyprizesbefore?have／have／has是________動詞,沒有什么具體意義。當主語是第三人稱單數時助動詞用______，其余人稱一律用__________。基礎操作：1)Theyhavefoundthelostbook._________they___________thelostbook?Yes,they_________./No,they___________.2)ShehasreadsomeofLuxun’sbooks._______she_____________ofLuxun’sbooks?Yes,she_________./No,she__________.【目標二：現在完成時的用法】用法一：表示過去發生或已經完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。e.g:Thebottleisempty.I_____________(drink)allthemilk.Thebookwasherejustnow,butitisn’therenow.Who__________(take)it?Who__________(clean)theroom?It’ssoclean.Shedoesn’twanttoeatanything.becauseshe___________(eat)muchfood.表達這種含義的標志詞：標志詞用法（在什么句）含義舉例already已經Hehasalreadycleanedhisroom.yet已經還Hashecleanedhisroomyet?Hehasn’tfinishedhisproject.just剛剛LindahasjustreachedHongKong.進階操作：Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.(改為否定句和一般疑問句)_________you__________________homework____________?I______________________myhomework____________.表示到現在為止動作或狀態曾經或從來沒有發生過。標志詞用法（在什么句）含義舉例ever曾經IhaveevertriedJapanesefood.never從未IhaveneverbeentoAustralia.before以前Hehasdonesuchajobbefore.upgrade操作2.0：_________you________________tothissong____________?你以前可曾聽過這首歌？I_________________________toher____________.我以前未曾和她說過話。He________________________Guangdongfood__________.他以前從未吃過廣東菜。表示某一動作到現在為止已經發生了若干次以動作發生的次數為標志。I__________________tothemusicthreetimes___________.這首音樂我以前聽過三次。_________he__________thebooktwice?這本書他讀過兩遍了嗎？before作為副詞，常與before作為副詞，常與ever，never已及twice,threetimes等連用，指過去不確定的某個時間，總是放在句尾。用法二：表示過去已經開始，持續到現在的動作或狀態，甚至有可能繼續延續下去。標志詞含義舉例for+時間段持續了....Ihavebeenlovedwithhimfor10years.since+過去時間點/一般過去時態的從句。自從Mylovelypethasbeendeadsince2monthsago.sofar/uptonow/in/duingthepast/last…迄今為止在過去的...中Sofar,ourcountryhassuccessfullysenttwomannedspacecraftsintospace.for和for和since引導的時間可以進行同義轉換；對for和since引導的時間狀語提問時，疑問詞都用Howlong進入大神階段：MissZhang_____________(work)inthisschoolforaboutthreeyears.We____________(be)friendssincewewerechildren.Inthepastthreeyears,there_______________(be)greatchangesinmyhometown.I________________here________tenyears.我在這兒住了10年了。You_______________English________fiveyears.你們學英語有五年了。I______________here_________tenyears_______.我自從10年前就住在這兒了。You______________English________fiveyears_______.你們自從5年前就學英語了。MrWang____________inthisfactory_______he_______tothiscity.自從到這個城市以來，王先生一直在這家工廠工作。We_______________overtenEnglishsongs__________.選出此時此刻你學完現在完成時的心情。迄今為止，我們已經學了十多首英文歌曲。選出此時此刻你學完現在完成時的心情。【目標三：延續性動詞和短暫性動詞】英語中，動詞按其動作發生的方式、動作發生過程的長短，可分為延續性動詞和短暫性動詞。分類含義舉例延續性動詞動作可以延續下去或產生持久影響learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay短暫性動詞不能延續的動作，發生后立即結束open,close,finish,begin,e,go，arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy在現在完成時中，短暫性動詞不能直接和for或since連用在現在完成時中，短暫性動詞不能直接和for或since連用，要轉化成相應的延續性動詞或動詞短語Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.

（T）Hehasalreadydied.（T）Hehasbeendead.（T）具體短暫性動詞轉化如下：變動詞borrow→keep,buy→have,catchacold→haveacold,moveto→livein,beeinterestedin→beinterestedin變形容詞die→bedead,open→beopen,close→beclosed,fallill→beill,變短語或者be+adv/prep是的，我變了join→bein/beamemberof,e→bein，leave→beaway,是的，我變了begin/start→beon,finish→beover,getup→beup,注意：不可延續性動詞現在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續的狀態，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：

Ihaven'tleftheresince1997.自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒。

延續性動詞相關練習：按要求完成句子(同義句轉換，每空一詞)。

1.Thetwinsarrivedhomethreedaysago.

Thetwins____________________homeforthreedays.

2.Theyboughtanewputerlastweek.

Theyhave__________anewputer___________lastweek.

3.TheforeignguestsleftChinatwodaysago.

Theforeignguestshave_____________________fromChinafortwodays.

4.Thefilmbeganfifteenminutesago.

Thefilm________________________________forfifteenminutes.

5.Theoldladydied10yearsago.

Theoldlady_________________________________for10years.【目標四：現在完成時與一般過去時的區別】Ⅰ.時間上有差異一般過去時與現在沒有關系，與表示過去的時間狀語連用，如:ago，lastyear，justnow，theotherday等。現在完成時與現在有關系,不能與表示過去的時間狀語連用。如:Hehasebackhome.（說明現在他在家。）Hecamebackhomelastyear.（只能說明他去年回來過,不能說明他現在在不在家，可能后來又出去了,但至今未歸。)Ⅱ.結果上有差異現在完成時和一般過去時都表示在過去完成的動作，現在完成時強調對“現在”的影響和結果，動作到現在剛完成或還在繼續。一般過去時強調動作發生在“過去”，和現在沒有關系。例：She________thepianoforsixyears，butshedoesn’tplaynow.A.haveplayed B.playedC.hasplayed【隨堂練習】1)IamveryhungrybecauseI_______________(nothave)breakfast.2)你做完作業了嗎？做完了。_______you_______yourhomework?Yes,I______.你什么時候做完的？半小時前。When_______your_______it?Halfanhourago.3)你吃過飯了嗎？吃過了。_________you________supper?Yes,I________.在哪兒吃的？學校。Where_________you_________it?Atschool.4)他一小時前看電視的。He__________TVanhourago.=He______________TV______anhourago.=He_______________TV_______anhour.5)I_____________(close)thedoorandnowthedoorisclosed.I__________(close)itjustnow.:單項選擇

（）1.—Mygod!I______thebookfromthelibraryformorethantwomonths.

—Gotoseeifyouwillbefined.

A.havelentB.haveborrowed C.havereturnedD.havekept

（）2.—David,wherehaveyou______recently?

—Ihave______toShanghaiwithclassmates.

A.been,goneB.been,been C.gone,beenD.gone,gone

（）3.—WhereisJack’sbrother?Ihaven’tseenhimforalongtime.

—______.

A.HehasbeentoSuzhou B.HehasgonetoSuzhou

C.HeisgoingtoSuzhou D.HewillgotoSuzhou

（）4.Myfriendshave______theresincethefirmsetup.

A.workB.startworking C.beguntoworkD.worked

（）5.Sara______theSummerPalacetwice.

A.wenttoB.goesto C.hasgonetoD.hasbeento

（）6.It______20yearssincethey______toChina.

A.was,cameB.was,havee C.is,haveeD.is,came

（）7.______toItaly?No,never,butIwenttoFrance5yearsago.

A.DidyougoB.Haveyougone C.HaveyoubeenD.Areyougoing

（）8.SheisnotgoingtotheconcertsthisSundaynightbecauseshe______herticket.

A.didn’tloseB.haslost C.willloseD.didn’thave

（）9.StephenhasstudiedChineseinChina______.

A.forthreemonthsB.threemonthsago C.sincethreemonthsD.forthreemonthsago

（）10.We______ourmissionsofar.Itisreallyfantastic.

A．tofinishB.finish C.havefinishedD.finishing

（）11.Mathew_______already_______EtonTownsince1998.

A.have,livedB.has,lived C.have,live D.has,living

（）12.AreyoufamiliarwiththefamoussingerJayChou?

Certainly!I_________tohisconcertsmanytimes.

A.go B.havebeen C.havegone D.goes

（）13.Nowadaysmyhometownhastakenanewlook.Itissowonderful.

Really.Greatchanges_______________duringthepast30years.

A.havetakenplaceB.aretakenplace C.tookplaceD.takeplace

（）14.Whereismywallet?

I__________itherejustnowbutIcan’tfinditnow.

A.sawB.haveseen C.wasseeingD.see

（）15.It’s8:00now.You_______towriteyourhomeworkyet,Bob.

A.haven’tstartedB.didn’tstart C.don’tstartD.won’tstart

（）16.Myeldersister____anewpairoftrouserslastnight.I_______themon.Theyareperfect.

A.hasmade,triedB.made,tried C.hadmade,havetried D.made,havetried

（）17．We____howtodrivealready.When______youlearn?

Twoyearsago!

A.learned,doesB.learned,did C.havelearned,doesD.havelearned,did

（）18.Billy_____upforafewminutes.

A.wasgettingB.isgetting C.hasgotD.hasbeen

（）19．____Jimandyou_____theparagraphs_____?

Yes,we____themlastnight.

A.Have,copied,already,have B.Did,copy,yet,did

C.