33/44高考一輪復習知識清單專題39閱讀理解之猜測詞義題（講案）解析版（快問快答+思維導圖+考法點撥+真題再練+名校模擬）目錄一、閱讀理解猜測詞義題快問快答P1二、閱讀理解猜測詞義題高考考情P2三、閱讀理解猜測詞義題命題特點P2四、閱讀理解猜測詞義題思維導圖P3五、閱讀理解猜測詞義題考法點撥P3考法一：利用釋義法猜詞P3考法二：利用構詞法猜詞P3考法三：利用因果關系猜詞P4考法四：利用對比關系猜詞P4考法五：利用上下文解題P5考法六：利用同義關系解題P6考法七：利用生活常識解題P6考法八：利用就近原則判指代P6六、閱讀理解猜測詞義題真題演練(7例)P7七、閱讀理解猜測詞義題名校模擬(15篇)P12模擬一：生詞類猜測詞義題P12模擬二：短語類猜測詞義題P22模擬三：句子類猜測詞義題P32模擬四：代詞類猜測詞義題P35一、閱讀理解猜測詞義題快問快答Q1：閱讀理解猜測詞義題有什么特點？A1：猜測詞義題屬于閱讀基礎題型，每年必考，難度不大，需要有滿分意識。Q2：閱讀理解猜測詞義題做題步驟如何？A2：一是“找詞”--先從題干中提取關鍵性(題眼)，二是“定位”--尋找與此關鍵詞相關的段落、語句做好標記，三是“代入”--仔細比對四個選項與文中細節(jié)的細微區(qū)別，最后確定答案。Q3：閱讀理解猜測詞義題有哪些考查方向？A3：閱讀理解猜測詞義題有四大考查方向：一是考查短語語境猜測，二是考查生詞語境猜測，三是考查句子語境理解，四是考查代詞語境猜測。Q4：如何提高閱讀理解細節(jié)題正答率？A4：一要掌握閱讀理解猜測詞義題命題規(guī)律和選項特征，二要不斷擴大詞匯量，尤其是3500高考高頻詞匯，三要廣泛進行閱讀實踐和專項訓練，積累經驗，摸索出一套行之有效的個性化做題模式，四要重視糾錯，探尋錯誤原因，防止出現(xiàn)類似錯誤。二、閱讀理解猜測詞義題高考考情猜測詞義題基本上是閱讀理解每年必考的題型。此類題型旨在考查考生根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞、短語或句子的本意或外延含義的能力，既可以考查生詞的意義，也可以考查熟詞的新意，還可以是對替代詞所替代內容的判斷。除了直接命題的生詞外，閱讀文章時，常常也會遇到一些過去未見過的詞，但這類生詞的詞義大都可以通過上下文推斷出來。2022-2024高考閱讀理解考點統(tǒng)計卷別細節(jié)理解題猜測詞義題推理判斷題主旨大意題2024新課標I卷91412024新課標II卷91412023新課標I卷61712023新課標II卷61712022新課標I卷82412022新課標II卷82412024全國甲卷71612023全國甲卷81512023全國乙卷51812022全國甲卷81332022全國乙卷10131三、閱讀理解猜測詞義題命題特點特殊疑問句形式:以疑問詞what開頭引出的問題;通常涉及四種形式：生詞型、短語型、句子型、代詞型。28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean? （2024新課標I卷，短語型）32.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean? （2024新課標II卷，短語型）26.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3? （2024全國甲卷，短語型）24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphreferto? （2024浙江1月卷，代詞型）29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean? （2023新課標I卷，生詞型）30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean? （2023新課標I卷，短語型）24.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand”inparagraph1? （2023新課標II卷，短語型）四、閱讀理解猜測詞義題思維導圖五、閱讀理解猜測詞義題考法點撥考法一：利用釋義法猜詞在說明文尤其是科技類說明文中，作者通常會對一些關鍵詞或專業(yè)術語進行解釋。常見的有對該詞下定義或后跟同位語、定語從句、冒號、破折號、括號等引出解釋說明部分。【調研01】(2022全國乙卷第29題)原文：Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.29.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety. B.Assistancefromdrones.C.inspectionandrepair. D.Constructionofinfrastructure.解析：“includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure”對“maintenance”進行了解釋，故推測maintenance是“維護，保養(yǎng)”的意思，C項inspectionandrepair與句中的inspectandrepair對應。故選C。考法二：利用構詞法猜詞英語單詞可以通過添加詞綴、合成或轉化的方式構成新詞或生成新的詞義。同學們要熟記一定數(shù)量的詞根、前綴和后綴，從而達到通過“解剖”一個單詞，對一個生詞能夠“望文生義”的效果。【調研02】（2016全國II卷第27題）原文：Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,“ButI’mjustnotcreative.”27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside”inParagraph4probablymean？A.Mistake.B.Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.解析：downside是由“down（向下）+side（方面）”構成的合成詞，并且后文提到“作者冒著失去那些有不同思維風格的學生的風險”。因此，我們可以猜測該詞的意思是“不足，缺點”，故選B項。考法三：利用因果關系猜詞若畫線單詞或短語前后句子之間構成因果關系，那我們便可以根據(jù)這種因果邏輯關系推知單詞或短語的意義。因果關系的語境通常由because,so,thus,therefore,asaresultof,sothat,so/such...that...等標志詞體現(xiàn)。【調研03】（2019全國II卷第25題）原文：Iguessthatthere’sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I’lldoit.”25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inParagraph2mean？A.Encourageteamwork.

B.Appealtofeeling.C.Promotegooddeeds.

D.Provideadvice.【解析】由邏輯詞“so”可知，此處可以借助因果邏輯關系猜測詞義句意。畫線部分的前一句提到“她可能需要有人勸說一下”，故“tugattheheartstrings”應該有“勸說”的意思。“appealtofeeling”意思是“打動某人，喚起某人的情感”，故選B項。考法四：利用對比關系猜詞運用轉折對比描述事物或現(xiàn)象是寫作時常用的一種手法，作者常借用一些信號詞來提供相反信息，抓住這些信號詞，結合上下文意，我們就能夠快速推測出詞義。體現(xiàn)對比關系的詞語很多，常見的有but,yet,however,while,unlike,insteadof,ontheotherhand,ratherthan,onthecontrary等。【調研04】（2020新高考Ⅰ卷第33題）原文：AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1referto?A.Bigeaters. B.Overweightpersons. C.Pickyeaters. D.Tallthinpersons.解析：利用對比關系猜測詞義。根據(jù)“Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份)，it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.”，研究表明，與現(xiàn)存的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)(應該避免和食量大的胖人一起吃飯)相反，你真正需要避開的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根據(jù)“contraryto”可知，畫線詞與heavierpeople含義相反。考法五：利用上下文解題有些猜測詞義句意題找不到以上標志或線索，我們可以利用上下文提供的語境進行合乎邏輯的綜合分析，進而推測詞義句意。【調研05】（2022新高考II卷第24題）原文：Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon'tevenrealizeit'snew.Forthem,it’sjustnormal.ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren'sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninparagraph2?A.Providedshelterforme. B.Becameverycleartome.C.Tookthepressureoffme. D.Workedquitewellonme.解析：根據(jù)上下文語境可知，作者是記者，生活在一個講故事的新時代，有許多新的多媒體工具。許多年輕人甚至沒有意識到它是新的。對他們來說，這很正常。而在春節(jié)假期，作者和兩歲的孫子坐在沙發(fā)上看書時，尤其清楚認識到了這一點。故畫線詞意思是“我很清楚”。故選B。考法六：利用同義關系解題畫線單詞或短語前后有時會出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語或結構，這時我們可從熟悉的詞語中推知生詞的含義。常見的表示同義關系的詞或短語有and,or,like,aswell,similarly,too,also,either等。【調研06】（2015四川卷第44題）原文：Anditisnotjustrobinsthatarebeingkeptawakebyartificiallight.Blackbirdsandseagullsarealsobeingmorenocturnal.44.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nocturnal”inParagraph5mean？A.Activeatnight.

B.Inactiveatnight.C.Activeduringtheday.

D.Inactiveduringtheday.解析：畫線單詞前一句說“不是只有知更鳥在人造光下會一直醒著”，而“also（也）”表明這一句與前面表達的意思相近，即“黑鸝和海鷗也更活躍”。“nocturnal”應該是“awake”的近義詞，意為“夜間活躍的”，故選A項。考法七：利用生活常識解題在僅靠分析篇章內在邏輯關系和語境無法猜出詞義時，我們可以借助生活經驗和普通常識確定詞義。【調研07】（2020江蘇卷第61題）原文：Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.61.Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“

_______

”.A.digestthemealeasily

B.managewithoutbreakfastC.decidewiselywhattoeat

D.eatwhateverisoffered解析：此題考查“stomach”的生僻意思。根據(jù)生活常識可知，有的人鍛煉前不吃早飯是受不了的，所以此處意為“如果可以忍受空腹的話，在吃早飯前去鍛煉比吃過早餐后去鍛煉好處更多”，故選B項。考法八：利用就近原則判指代代詞指代題原則上從上文尋找線索，確定答案。基本點是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)，指人還是指物。【調研08】（2022新高考II卷第30題）原文："Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,”saidFélixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something"inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Advice. B.Data. C.Tests. D.Laws.解析：30.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)句中的“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior.”（我們需要一些能改變人們行為的東西，）可知，something是能夠改變人們的行為的事情。根據(jù)下文的“IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.”（他說，如果Textalyzer法案成為法律，“人們會更害怕拿起手機。）可知，人們的行為會改變的條件是當Textalyzer法案成為法律。受到法律的約束和懲罰，司機們才不會在開車的時候使用手機。故something指代的是法律。故選D。六、閱讀理解猜測詞義題真題演練【演練01】（2024新課標I卷第28題）Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks–likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage–toonesthatrequirementalabstraction–suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?A.Seemunlikelytolast. B.Seemhardtoexplain.C.Becomereadytouse. D.Becomeeasytonotice.28.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前文“Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.(當閱讀幾百字或更多的文本時，在紙上學習通常比在屏幕上學習更成功。大量的研究證實了這一發(fā)現(xiàn))”可知，在紙上學習更有成效，以及后文“whenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.(當實驗人員從提出簡單的任務(如識別閱讀文章的主旨)轉移到需要思維抽象的任務(如從文本中推斷)時)”推知，此處應是表達“當實驗者從簡單的任務轉向需要精神抽象的任務時，紙質閱讀的益處就變得顯而易見”之意，所以shinethrough應是“顯而易見”之意，和D項意思相近。故選D項。【演練02】（2024新課標II卷第32題）Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代碼)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.32.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated. B.Ifreviewedbysomeoneill-intentioned.C.Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent. D.Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.32.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段“suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代碼)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades'professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.(這樣一本書可能會像驅動人工智能的計算機代碼一樣復雜，但值得慶幸的是，坎貝爾有20多年的專業(yè)經驗，可以將令人興奮的內容轉化為可理解的內容。她從商業(yè)人士的實際角度而不是學者的角度出發(fā)，撰寫了一本非常通俗易懂、內容豐富的指南，讀完后會讓你覺得自己幾乎和人工智能一樣聰明)”可知，坎貝爾撰寫的這本書是通俗易懂的，如果別人寫這本書的話可能就不是這樣了，推測劃線短語表示“如果是由能力較差的人寫的”。故選C項。【演練03】（2023新課標I卷第29題）Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. C.Check-in. D.Take-over.【解析】29.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.(這個過程要求你在30天內遠離可選的在線活動。在30天結束的時候，你再加上一些你認為會給你所看重的東西帶來巨大好處的精心挑選的在線活動)”可推知，畫線詞“declutter”的意思是“清理”，對在線活動進行清理和挑選。故選A。【演練04】（2023新課標II卷第30題）Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描繪)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?A.Understand. B.Paint.C.Seize. D.Transform.30.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.(藝術品的選擇和排列方式強調了不同時代和文化之間的聯(lián)系。我們看到孩子們在家里或學校學習閱讀的場景，這本書是幾代人之間關系的焦點)”以及“Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmoments(這些場景可能是數(shù)百年前繪制的，但它們記錄了一些時刻)”可推知，此處指書籍是人類之間相互聯(lián)系和理解的紐帶，故與畫線短語“relateto”意思最相近的為A項“理解、認識到”。故選A。【演練05】（2023全國甲卷第24題）TerriBoltonisadabhandwhenitcomestoDIY(do-it-yourself).Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.24.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand”inparagraph1?A.Anartist. B.Awinner. C.Aspecialist. D.Apioneer.【解析】24.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第一段畫線短語下文“Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.(她擅長擺架子和拼接家具，從不付錢給別人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此處指TerriBoltonis是一位DIY高手。C項“Aspecialist(一位專業(yè)人員)”最接近畫線短語“adabhand”的意思。故選C。【演練06】（2023全國乙卷第24題）Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(聯(lián)系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A.Problem. B.History. C.Voice.D.Society.34.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文(加勒比海的泰諾人、澳大利亞的土著人、貝寧的非洲人以及印加人，所有這些人都出現(xiàn)在這本書中，他們現(xiàn)在都可以通過他們制造的物品向我們講述他們過去最強大的成就：通過物品講述的歷史給了他們一個聲音。當我們考慮諸如此類的有文化社會和無文化社會之間的接觸時，我們所有的第一手資料都必然是扭曲的，只有對話的一半。)”結合劃線句“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.(如果我們要找到對話的另一半，我們不僅要讀文本，還要讀物體。)”可知，我們對過去歷史的了解，只是書寫歷史的人所想要讓我們了解的歷史，如果我們想要了解歷史的另一半，我們不僅僅要讀文本也要讀對象。所以conversation指的是“歷史”。故選B。【演練07】（2023全國甲卷第26題）Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(聲音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbefed.Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplacetorelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.That'swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon'tusuallylike.Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉動物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!24.Whatcanbelearnedaboutcats'meowingfromthefirstparagraph?A.It'sasurvivalskill. B.It'staughtbymothercats.C.It'shardtointerpret. D.It'sgettinglouderwithage.25.Howdoesapetcatassessdifferentsituations?A.Bylisteningforsounds. B.Bytouchingfamiliarobjects.C.Bycheckingonsmells. D.Bycommunicatingwithothercats.26.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?A.Performappropriately. B.Movefaster. C.Actstrangely. D.Dobetter.27.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TipsonFindingaSmartCat B.UnderstandingYourCat'sBehaviorC.HaveFunwithYourCat D.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy【答案】24.A25.C26.D27.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了貓通過叫聲、嗅覺和帶回禮物來表達需求、評估環(huán)境和展示愛意。24.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(聲音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.(動物可以用很多方式來表達他們的需求。例如，幾乎所有的動物都有獨特的聲音，它們依靠這些聲音來尋求幫助，嚇跑危險的動物或尋找庇護。)”和“Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother’sattentionandbefed.(貓寶寶一出生就開始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是為了引起媽媽的注意和被喂食。)”可知，貓叫聲是一種生存技能。故選A。25.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.(貓有許多敏銳的感官，但它們的嗅覺令人印象深刻。它們用鼻子來評估周圍的環(huán)境，尋找任何危險的跡象。)”可知，寵物貓通過檢查氣味來評估不同情況。故選C。26.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段劃線詞前半句“Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,(狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取習慣而聞名)”和后句“Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.(許多貓會在外面隨意找到一些東西，并把它們帶給主人。)”可知，狗以取回東西而聞名，但貓可以從外邊找到東西帶回來，因此在這一行為上更上一層樓。短語take...upanotch是用來形容貓在帶回東西這一行為上做得更好或更出色。故選D。27.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.(動物可以用很多方式來表達他們的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介紹和解釋貓的各種行為方式，包括叫聲、嗅覺和帶回禮物的習慣，以及這些行為背后的原因和意義。所以“UnderstandingYourCat’sBehavior(了解你的貓的行為)”作文文章標題最為合適。故選B。七、閱讀理解猜測詞義題名校模擬【模擬一：生詞類猜測詞義題】【模擬01】（23-24高三下·陜西渭南·階段練習）Pickupanypackagedprocessedfood,andthere’sadecentchancethatoneofitslistedingredientswillbe“naturalflavor”.Theingredientsoundsgood,particularlyincontrastto“artificialflavor”.Butwhatexactlydoesnaturalflavormean?Itreferstoextracts(提取物)gotfromnaturalsourceslike.Whenconsumerssee“naturalflavor”onalabel,theyareunlikelytoassumethatsomeoneissqueezingthejuicefromorangesintotheirbottle.Theyknoweventhoughnaturalflavormustcomefromnaturalsources,itneedn’tallcomefromtheplantormeat.Forexample,orangeflavormightcontainnotonlyorangeextract,butalsoextractsfrombarkandgrass.Noristhecommonbelieftruethatingredientsextractedfromnaturearenecessarilysaferthansomethingartificiallymade.Soifflavorslikeorangeareneeded,whynotjustuseoranges?Theanswercomesdownto“availability,costandsustainability”,accordingtoflavorchemistGaryReinecciusoftheUniversityofMinnesota.“Ifyou’regoingtouseallyourgrapesongrapesoda,”Reinecciussays,“youdon’thaveanygrapesforwinemaking;theproductsaregoingtobeexorbitantandmostpeoplecan’taffordthem.”Actually,whilechemistsmakenaturalflavorsbyextractingchemicalsfromnaturalingredients,artificialflavorsaremadebycreatingthesamechemicalsartificially.Thereasonwhycompaniesbothertousenaturalflavorsratherthanartificialflavorsissimple:marketing.“Manyoftheseproductshavehealthtitles,”saysPlatkin,professorfromHunterCollege.“Consumersmaybetalkedtobelieveproductswithnaturalflavorsarehealthier,thoughthey’renutritionallynodifferentfromthosewithartificialflavors.Naturalflavorsmayinvolvemoreforestclear-cuttingandcarbonemissionsfromtransportthanflavorscreatedinthelab.”Platkinsuggestsgettingmoretransparentlabelingonpackagingthatdescribesexactlywhatthenaturalorartificialflavorsare,soconsumersarenotmisledintobuyingoneproductoveranotherbecauseof“naturalflavors”.Reinecciusalsoofferssomesimpleguidance:“Don’tbuyanythingbecauseitsays‘naturalflavors’.Buyitbecauseyoulikeit.”1．Whichisamisunderstandingaboutthe“naturalflavor”juiceaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Itcomesfrom100%originalfruit.B．Itisnothingbutadvertisingtricks.C．Itisabsolutelysaferthanjuicewithartificialflavors.D．Itcertainlycontainsextractsmadeinthelab.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exorbitant”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Suitable. B．Expensive. C．Official. D．Flexible.3．Whydocompaniesusenaturalflavorsintheirproducts?A．Topromotethesales. B．Tocutthecosts.C．Toadvocateahealthydiet. D．Toavoidfoodsafetyissues.4．Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A．CaryandPlatkinholdoppositeperspectives.B．Naturalflavorsaremoreenvironmentally-friendly.C．Companiesarebannedtoproduceartificialflavorfood.D．Naturalandartificialflavorsaremorealikethanyouthink.【答案】1．C2．B3．A4．D【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要闡述了“天然風味”這一食品標簽的含義，指出其并不一定比人工風味更安全或更健康，而使用天然風味主要是為了市場營銷。文章建議提高標簽透明度。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theyknoweventhoughnaturalflavormustcomefromnaturalsources,itneedn’tallcomefromtheplantormeat.Forexample,orangeflavormightcontainnotonlyorangeextract,butalsoextractsfrombarkandgrass.Noristhecommonbelieftruethatingredientsextractedfromnaturearenecessarilysaferthansomethingartificiallymade.”（他們知道，盡管天然香料必須來自天然來源，但它并不都來自植物或肉類。例如，橙味可能不僅含有橙提取物，還含有樹皮和草的提取物。人們普遍認為從自然中提取的成分一定比人造的更安全，這種說法也不正確。）可知，關于“天然香料”的果汁有兩種誤解，一是認為它全部來自植物或肉類，二是認為它比人造香料的果汁更安全。對比四個選項，C項“它比含有人造香料的果汁更安全。”是其中一種誤解。故選C項。2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句““Ifyou’regoingtouseallyourgrapesongrapesoda,”Reinecciussays,“youdon’thaveanygrapesforwinemaking;theproductsaregoingtobeexorbitantandmostpeoplecan’taffordthem.”（雷內修斯說：“如果你把所有的葡萄都用在葡萄汽水上，你就沒有葡萄釀酒了；產品將會變得exorbitant，大多數(shù)人買不起。”）中“peoplecan’taffordthem”可推知，如果把所有的葡萄都用在葡萄汽水上，就沒有葡萄用來釀酒了，葡萄酒將會變得非常昂貴，大多數(shù)人買不起。由此推知，畫線詞“exorbitant”意思是“昂貴的”，與Expensive同義。故選B項。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thereasonwhycompaniesbothertousenaturalflavorsratherthanartificialflavorsissimple:marketing.”（公司寧愿使用天然香料而不使用人造香料的原因很簡單：營銷。）可知，公司在產品中使用天然香料是為了營銷，即為了促進銷售。故選A項。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Actually,whilechemistsmakenaturalflavorsbyextractingchemicalsfromnaturalingredients,artificialflavorsaremadebycreatingthesamechemicalsartificially.”（化學家通過從天然成分中提取化學物質來制造天然香料，而人造香料則是通過人工制造相同的化學物質來制造的。）和“Consumersmaybetalkedtobelieveproductswithnaturalflavorsarehealthier,thoughthey’renutritionallynodifferentfromthosewithartificialflavors.”（盡管它們在營養(yǎng)上與人造香料沒有什么不同，消費者可能會被說服相信天然香料的產品更健康。）可知，天然香料和人造香料都是通過制造相同的化學物質來制造的，即它們有很多相似之處，超出你的想象。故選D項。【模擬02】（2024·山西運城·二模）WhilegrowingupinCaliforniainthe1980s,WinifredFrickneversawacondor(禿鷹)inthewild.ThepopulationofNorthAmerica’slargestbird,Gymnogypscalifornianus,haddeclinedtonearlyzeroby1987becausesomanywereshot,poisonedorcaptured.Thefewremainingwildcondorswerebroughtintozoosintheearly1980saspartofacaptivebreeding(圈養(yǎng))program.Gradually,asmallgroupofthebirdsreproduced,andeventuallymanyofthecondorswerereleasedbackintothewild.Today,Frick,aconservationbiologist,andher14-year-oldsoncanadmirecondorsflyingintheskywhilehikingalongthePacificcoast.Nearly350ofthespecies,whosewingscanspannearly3meters,onceagainflyoverpartsofCaliforniaandArizona.Thecondors’happyendingisthanksinlargeparttotheU.S.EndangeredSpeciesAct,orESA,enactedonDecember28,1973.Theactcurrentlyprotectsmorethan2,300species.Theseincludemorethan900plantsandatleast160marinespecies.“Whenitcomestopreventingplantsandanimalsfromgoingextinct,theESAisoneofthemostpowerfullawswehave,”saysFrick.“TheESAisaboutprotectingwildlifeforourfuturegenerations.”Ifaspeciesisthoughttobethreatenedorendangeredwithgoingextinct,itgoesthroughastrictprocesstodeterminewhetheritshouldbeaddedtotheendangeredspecieslist.Onceaspeciesmakesthelist,governmentagenciescreateaplantohelpitrecover.Thismightmeandescribingwaystorestoreitshabitatoridentifyingwaystohaltthreatstoaspecies.Forinstance,beinglistedundertheactmakesitillegaltouse,killorcatchanyoftheseorganisms.Italsobanstheimportofanyendangeredforeignanimals,aswellasanymeatorproductsmadefromthem.TheESAhaswrittenplentyofsuccessstoriesoverthepasthalf-century.Sofar,theacthashelpedkeep99percentofspeciesunderitsprotectionfromextinction.5．Whydidthezooskeepwildcondorscaptiveinthe1980s?A．Torelocatetheirnaturalhabitat. B．Torestorethecondorpopulation.C．Tomakewayforhikingactivities. D．Tohonoraconservationbiologist.6．Whatarethefiguresinparagraph4intendedtotellus?A．Thesurvivalrateofthecondorsishigh. B．Manyspeciesarefacedwithextinction.C．TheESAhasbeenrecognizedbythepublic. D．TheESAcontributesalottospeciesprotection.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“halt”inparagraph6probablymean?A．Stop. B．Track. C．Transform. D．Replace.8．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheESAHasSavedManySpecies B．QuantitiesofSpeciesAreDyingOutC．TheESASharestheStoryofCondors D．WildAnimalsAreinNeedofProtection【答案】5．B6．D7．A8．A【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了《瀕危物種法》拯救了很多物種。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thefewremainingwildcondorswerebroughtintozoosintheearly1980saspartofacaptivebreeding(圈養(yǎng))、program.Gradually,asmallgroupofthebirdsreproduced,andeventuallymanyofthecondorswerereleasedbackintothewild.(20世紀80年代初，作為圈養(yǎng)計劃的一部分，剩下的少數(shù)野生禿鷹被帶進了動物園。漸漸地，一小群禿鷹繁殖了，最終許多禿鷹被釋放回野外。)”可知，動物園當時圈養(yǎng)禿鷹是為了恢復其數(shù)量。故選B項。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Theactcurrentlyprotectsmorethan2,300species.Theseincludemorethan900plantsandupwardsof160marinespecies.